Objective To observe the location of peripapillary choroidal watershed zones relative to the optic disc in the different types of glaucoma.Methods A total of 98 patients (98 eyes) with glaucoma (glaucoma group) were enrolled in this study.The eyes included 34 eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG group),33 eyes with normal tension glaucoma (NTG group) and 31 eyes with chronic angle closure glaucoma (CACG group).Thirty-seven fellow eyes of 37 patients with monocular blunt trauma were selected in this study as control group.The differences of age (t=1.197),sex (x2=3.548),average diopter (t=-1.644) between glaucoma group and control group were not statistically significant (P＞0.05).The differences of age (F=2.645),sex (F=1.984),average diopter (F=2.621),and visual fields mean defect (MD) (F=0.899) between different types of glaucoma were also not statistically significant (P＞0.05).Simultaneous indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) were performed on all subjects.The watershed zones were classified into three types according to its location relative to the optic disc:in type Ⅰ,the watershed zone did not include the optic disc or could not be observed; in type Ⅱ,the watershed zone partially included the optic disc; in type Ⅲ,the watershed zone completely included the optic disc.The location of watershed zones relative to the optic disc in the different types of glaucoma was comparatively analyzed.The relationship between watershed zones,type and age,and MD were also analyzed by Pearson analysis method.Results The constituent ratio of type Ⅱ and Ⅲ watershed zones were 81.6％ and 56.8％ in glaucoma group and control group,respectively; with a statistically significant difference (x2=8.756,P ＜ 0.003).The constituent ratios of type Ⅱ and Ⅲ watershed zones were 82.4％,90.9％,71.1％ in POAG,NTG and CACG group,respectively.No significant differences were found between POAG and NTG group (x2 =1.039),POAG and CACG group (x2 =1.039,1.166; P＞0.05).But there was significant difference between NTG and CACG group (x2 =4.107,P＜0.05).Significant differences were found between POAG and control group,NTG and control group (x2=5.352,10.141;P＜ 0.05).No significant difference was found between CACG and control group (x2=1.444,P＞0.05).There was no correlation between age and watershed zone type (r=0.114,P＞0.05).The watershed zones type of glaucoma group positively correlated with MD (r=0.354,P=0.000).Conclusion The peripapillary choroidal watershed zones in glaucoma patients include the optic disc more than in healthy eyes.

Human autoimmune uveitis encompasses a diverse group of common ocular inflammatory diseases.Unknown factors trigger the breakdown of self-tolerance and subsequently lead to the irreversible vision impairment.So the explore and research has never ceased for a long time.Previous study indicated that T helper lymphocyte 1 (Th1) plays a key role in the pathogenesis and development of human autoimmune uveitis.But recently accumulating evidences from both animal and clinical studies suggest that Th17 participates in the pathological mechanism of human autoimmune uveitis.Studies showed that Th1 and Th17 determine the pathological process by the regulation signal of specific cytokines and transcription factors.More and more evidences revealed that Th1 and Th17 are the predominant influences in induction of uveitis.Unveiling the roles of Th1/Th17-related cytokines will help to elucidate the mechanism and progression of uveitis.Recent findings of Th1/Th17-related cytokines regarding pathogenesis and regulation attributed in uveitis were summarized and the novel viewpoint of treatments was discussed.

Objective To compare the effect of open herniorrhaphy through preperitoneal space and tradi-tional herniorrhaphy in the treatment of inguinal hernia.Methods 200 patients with inguinal hernia were divided into observation group(105 cases)and control group(95 cases).The observation group received the treatment of open her-niorrhaphy through preperitoneal space,while the control group received the treatment of traditional herniorrhaphy. Results The operation time,intraoperative blood loss and length of hospital stay in the observation group were (48.4 ± 13.0)min,(25.6 ±4.5)mL and (6.6 ±1.7)d,which were significantly better than those in the control group [(63.3 ±11.2)min,(31.7 ±6.2)mL and (8.6 ±2.4)d,P <0.05].The VAS scores of the observation group in 1d and 3d after the operation were (3.6 ±0.5)points and (2.7 ±1.0)points,which were significantly lower than those of the control group[(4.5 ±0.4)points,(3.6 ±1.2)points,P <0.05].The incidence rates of recurrence,pain and fever in the observation group were 2.9%,11.4% and 6.7%,which were significantly lower than those of the control group (11.6%,28.4% and 17.9%,P <0.05).Conclusion Open herniorrhaphy through preperitoneal space is a kind of effective means in the treatment of inguinal hernia.It has the advantages of light pain,quick recovery and lower recurrence.It is worth clinical promotion and further study.

Objective To explore the clinical value of the combined detection of tumor type M2 pyruvate kinase (tumor M2-PK),tissue polypeptide specific antigen (TPS)and carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA)in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer.Methods The serum level of TPS and CEA,and the level of tumor M2-PK in fecal were detected in 74 patients with colorectal cancer and 60 healthy volunteers in our hospital.The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy were performed the comparative analysis between the single detection and the combined detection.Results The serum levels of TPS,CEA and the level of tumor M2-PK in fecal in the colorectal cancer observation group were significantly higher than those in the healthy control group (P <0.05).There were signifi-cant differences in the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of TPS,CEA and tumor M2-PK between and the combined detection (P <0.05).In the comparison among the single detection of 3 tumor markers and between the single marker detection with the combined detection,the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of any single marker measurement was lower than that in the combined detection of 3 markers.Conclusion The combined detection of TPS,CEA and tumor M2-PK can improve the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy in diagnosing colorectal cancer.

Undergraduates born in the later 1980's have their own characteristics: they possess larruping individuality and have strongly self-consciousness;at the same time they long for being respected but they are sensitive and frail.To instruct them correctly,a teacher in charge of a class should have high quality as a teacher and proper working policy as well.Under this condition,a teacher in charge of a class can communicate with students effectively and be in excellent charge of a class.

Bilingual parallel corpus is a new perspective of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) translation studies. This article set 10 kinds of Gansu genuine bulk Chinese materia medica as the research objects, and collected Chinese-English data about Gansu Chinese materia medica in the authoritative publications for the establishment of English-Chinese parallel corpus on Gansu Chinese materia medica. This article also analyzed the construction concrete steps in detail - corpus design, data acquisition and processing and bilingual corpus parallel and so on, and provided references for English translation of Chinese materia medica.

OBJECTIVE:To make an approach to the pharmaceutical care for kidney transplant patients METHODS:Using modern pharmaceutical theory and advanced monitoring method,the pharmaceutical care was carried out in kidney transplant patients,and the results were analysed and evaluated in the light of several cases RESULTS:Pharmaceutical care could raise the living quality of recipients CONCLUSION:It is necessary for kidney transplant patients to carry on pharmaceutical care

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) derived from the spleen of SW-1 mice immunized in vivo with syngeneic mouse leukemia clonal cells LAC-1 were cultured in TCGF containing media and tested for cytotoxicity against LAC-1 cells in a routine ~(51)Cr-release assay. The experimental results showed that the CTL cell line was proved to be Thy 1 and Lyt 2, and therefore they were considered to be of T cell lineage. When CTL were expanded in the presence of TCGF, an augmented cytolytic activity in parallel with the increase of Thy 1 and Lyt 2 cells was shown. This cytotoxic T cell line had been maintained in a long-term culture for nearly 1 year and retained the initial reactivity. Specificity studies of the CTL showed that the cell line was highly specific for LAC-1 cells and its parent line L783 Leukemic cells and the cytolytic effect was H-2 restriction. The cytotoxicity of the CTL could be blocked by conventional or monoclonal antibodies against cell surface antigen (TSA) of LAC-1 cells. Antisera against H-2 antigens, shared by LAC-1 cells, also showed blocking activity.

AIM: To establish a cellular model of hypoxic acclimatization using HepG2 cells to explore the mechanism of cellular hypoxia acclimatization. METHODS: HepG2 cells were cultured in 1% O_2 for 24 hours, then in 21% O_2 for another 24 hours,which composed a hypoxic treating cycle. After 6 cycles, the activity of cell proliferation was estimated with MTT method. The morphologic features of HepG2 cells were observed with optical microscope and transmission electron microscope. EPO gene expression was detected by Northern blotting technique. RESULTS: Acute hypoxia inhibited cellular mitosis, impaired cellular ultrastructure and induced EPO gene expression. After 6 cycles of hypoxic treatment, proliferation ability of HepG2 treated with acute hypoxia for 48 h was resumed to the level of control cells cultured in 21% O_2. The ultrastructure of HepG2 cells injured by hypoxia recovered and the level of EPO gene expression returned to that in control cells. CONCLUSION: After 6 cycles of hypoxic treatment, the ability of HepG2 to endure hypoxia is obviously enhanced and HepG2 cells might reach the status of hypoxic acclimatization.