PURPOSE: To assess visual acuity, spherical aberration and contrast sensitivity in patients who were implanted with spheric, aspheric ReSTOR(R) or Crystalens HD(R) lenses. METHODS: The present study enrolled 16 patients (32 eyes) implanted with biliateral spheric ReSTOR(R) (four patients, spheric ReSTOR group), bilateral aspheric ReSTOR(R) (seven patients, aspheric ReSTOR group) or bilateral Crystalens HD(R) (five patients, Crystalens HD group) lenses. At three months postoperatively, visual acuity, spherical aberration, and contrast sensitivity were evaluated. RESULTS: Three months after surgery, there were no significant differences in uncorrected distant or intermediate visual acuity among the three groups. Uncorrected near visual acuity in the spheric and aspheric ReSTOR groups was superior to that in the Crystalens HD group, and the aspheric ReSTOR group had less spherical aberration. Mesopic contrast sensitivity in the Crystalens HD group was significantly higher at three cycles per degree compared to those in the spheric and aspheric ReSTOR groups. CONCLUSIONS: Uncorrected near visual acuity in the Crystalens HD group was inferior to those in the spheric and aspheric ReSTOR groups, but the mesopic contrast sensitivity of the Crystalens HD group at three cycles per degree was superior to those in the spheric and aspheric ReSTOR groups.
Contrast Sensitivity ; Humans ; Visual Acuity

Prisms have been used as tools with which to treat and diagnose many diseases in strabismology. But, because of prismatic distortion and dispersion, the visual acuities are declined. The purpose of this study is to show the relationship between prismatic effect and visual acuity degradation. Visual acuities were measured through a series of prisms of CR-39 to quantify the blur induced by prism. The mean visual acuities of myopias and amblyopias(with or without correction), and emmetropias were reduced as prism diopters were increased. The declines were linear. There was no significant difference among the declines of visual acuities of each group. Whenever to prescribe prisms and to test with prisms, we should remind that prisms could reduce visual acuities.
Emmetropia ; Myopia ; Visual Acuity*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the visual outcome and satisfaction according to postoperative refractive error in patient with cataract surgery using AMO Array(R) multifocal intraocular lens. METHODS: According to postoperative refractive errors, 120 eyes (80 patients) were inserted the AMO Array(R) multifocal intraocular lens and were divided into three groups respectively: 28 eyes were myopic group (-0.50 ~ -1.50D), 74 eyes were emetropic group (-0.50 ~ +0.50D) and 18 eyes were hyperopic group (+0.50 ~ +1.50D). In each group, distant vision, near vision and contrast sensitivity test were measured. Also the patients were questioned on their satisfaction. RESULTS: Three months after the operation, the distance uncorrected visions of the myopic, emmetropic and hyperopic group were 0.42 +/- 0.23, 0.73 +/- 0.22, 0.36 +/- 0.28 and the near uncorrected visions were 0.47 +/- 0.18, 0.65 +/- 0.03, 0.41 +/- 0.14 in each. There were no difference in satisfaction, contrast sensitivity and glare visual acuity between three groups. CONCLUSIONS: In cataract surgery using the AMO Array(R) multifocal intraocular lens, we could get the best uncorrected visual acuity in emmetopic group. There were no difference in satisfaction and vision between myopic and hyperopic group. Thus, at the time of cataract operation, the multifocal intraocular lens power should be set on emmetropia in order to improve the vision and satisfaction.
Cataract ; Contrast Sensitivity ; Emmetropia ; Glare ; Humans ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Refractive Errors* ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To compare postoperative visual acuity, spherical equivalent and contrast sensitivity of eyes implanted with either spherical C-flex(TM)(570C) or aspheric C-flex(TM)(970C) intraocular lenses (IOL). METHODS: Forty eyes implanted with posterior chamber intraocular lenses were divided into two groups: C-flex(TM)(570C) (20 eyes) and C-flex(TM)(970C) (20 eyes). In these two groups, postoperative best corrected visual acuity (logMAR), spherical equivalent and contrast sensitivity was performed at one month and three months, postoperatively. RESULTS: In the spherical group, the preoperative naked visual acuity was 1.25+/-0.46 (logMAR). The best corrected visual acuity at postoperative three months was 0.49+/-0.28. In the aspheric group, the preoperative naked visual acuity was 1.29+/-0.67. The best-corrected visual acuity at postoperative three months was 0.39+/-0.30. There were statistically significant differences in best-corrected visual acuity between the preoperative and the postoperative three months results in the spherical IOL group and in the aspherical IOL group. There were no statistically significant differences in spherical equivalent between preoperative and postoperative one-month results and between preoperative and postoperative three-month results in the spherical IOL group and the aspherical IOL group. In the aspherical IOL group, contrast sensitivity at postoperative one and three months were better in the all spatial frequency than in the preoperative scotopic condition. CONCLUSIONS: When we compared eyes implanted with the spherical C-flex(TM)(970C) with eyes implanted with the spherical C-flex(TM) (570C), there were no statistically significant differences in spherical equivalent or best corrected visual acuity. The aspherical IOL group showed better contrast sensitivity than did the spherical IOL group postoperatively at both one month and three months.
Contrast Sensitivity ; Eye ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Visual Acuity

To find out the good visual environment for reading, the methods of illumination were studied using Arden Contrast Sensitivity System. Among various factors for comfortable reading condition such as air condition, temperature, humidity, noise and light, the intensity and characters of illumination were the most important factors for eye health. If the character of illuminations are fairly good, to make the brighter condition is better for eye hdalth. But in artificial illumination, there are so many limitations for supplying light of good characters. So we set the luminosity on the desk to 500 lx in which tbe best visual acuity presented, and checked the contrast sensitivity by changing the luminosity of the room. The results suggested that the condition in which luminosity on the desk was higher twice than the room was favorable for reading.
Contrast Sensitivity* ; Humidity ; Lighting* ; Noise ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: This study was designed to evaluate the change of contrast sensitivity under the photopic and mesopic illumination in amblyopic patient after occlusion therapy. METHODS: The subjects comprised 32 pediatric patients with strabismic or anisometropic amblyopia who were followed up at the clinic. We measured the best corrected visual acuity and contrast sensitivity under the photopic and mesopic illumination using ACV instrument before and three months after occlusion therapy. RESULTS: Mean best corrected visual acuity of amblyopic eyes before occlusion therapy was 0.54 +/- 0.21. In 17 eyes with improvement in best corrected visual acuity (mean: 0.21 +/- 0.05), there was improvement in photopic and mesopic contrast sensitivity (p<0.05). In 15 eyes without improvement in the best corrected visual acuity, there was no difference in photopic and mesopic contrast sensitivity (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: From above mentioned results, we can conclude that the contrast sensitivity using ACV instrument is responsive to short term (three months) occlusion therapy for amblyopic eyes.
Amblyopia ; Contrast Sensitivity* ; Humans ; Lighting ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To evaluate and compare visual outcomes and optical quality after implantation of a bifocal (Acrysof ReSTOR® SN6AD1) or trifocal (AT LISA® tri 839MP) diffractive intraocular lens (IOL). METHODS: Fifty-one eyes of 43 patients undergoing cataract surgery were enrolled and assigned to one of two groups: the trifocal group, comprising 24 eyes implanted with the trifocal diffractive IOL (AT LISA® tri 839MP), and the bifocal group, comprising 27 eyes implanted with the bifocal diffractive IOL (Acrysof ReSTOR® SN6AD1). Visual acuity (distant, intermediate, and near vision) and refractive postoperative outcomes were evaluated at one and three months postoperatively. Measurements of optical quality (using OQAS II®), contrast sensitivity (using CGT-2000®), automated visual field examination, and evaluation of defocus curve were performed three months postoperatively. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences between the two groups were found in three-month postoperative distant and near (40 cm) visual acuities and optical quality. However, intermediate (63 cm, 80 cm, and 100 cm) visual acuities were significantly better in the trifocal group. Distant contrast sensitivity (5 m) under mesopic conditions was significantly better with the bifocal lens, whereas near contrast sensitivity (30 cm) under mesopic and scotopic conditions was significantly better with trifocal lens. There was no statistical difference between the groups under photopic conditions. In the defocus curve, the visual acuity was significantly better at intermediate distance in the trifocal group. CONCLUSIONS: Trifocal diffractive IOLs provide significantly better intermediate vision than bifocal IOLs, with equivalent postoperative levels of distant and near vision and ocular optical quality. Further, they provide better near contrast sensitivity under scotopic condition compared to diffractive bifocal IOLs.
Cataract* ; Contrast Sensitivity ; Humans ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Visual Acuity ; Visual Fields

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of wave-front-guided LASIK in reducing the increase of high order aberration, we compared the aberrational change and other clinical outcomes after LASIK by the conventional method and those by wave-front guided ablation. METHODS: 50 eyes of 25 patients were included. In one eye, conventional LASIK was performed (group1), then in the other eye, wave-front guided LASIK was performed (group2). Patient's optical aberrations were measured with Zywave(R) (Bausch and Lomb Surgical), Shack-Hartmann type of aberrometer. We then compared high order aberrations, contrast sensitivity, visual acuity, topographic result, and manifest refraction, preoperatively and postoperatively after 1 and 3 months. RESULTS: Uncorrected visual acuity improved to more than 20/20 in 2 eyes of group 1 and in 5 eyes of group 2. In group 1, RMS(H) were 0.235 preoperatively and 0.594 and 0.429 postoperatively after 1 and 3 month. In group 2, RMS(H) were 0.285, 0.442 and 0.353.Contrast sensitivity in the mesopic condition of the wave-front guided LASIK group was higher than that of the conventional ablation group. But this change was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The wave-front guided wave-front guided LASIK showed slightly better outcome than that of the conventional ablation in postoperative visual acuity, and contrast sensitivity in mesopic condition.
Contrast Sensitivity ; Humans ; Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ* ; Visual Acuity

To verify the changes of mesopic and photopic contrast sensitivity function of sound eye whose visual acuity was kept the same after occlusion therapy in the amblyopic children. Fourteen sound eyes of amblyopic children (mean; 7.67 years; S.D., 1.50 years) who kept their visual acuity the same after the occlusion therapy were tested. The children had 6 hours of part-time patch therapy for 3 months prior to this examination. Among 14 amblyopic children, 8 were anisometric and 6 were strabismic amblyopes. Using the visual capacity analyzer which measures the minimal contrast level at from low to high spatial frequencies, the contrast sensitivity of sound eye was measured, under both photopic and mesopic condition, before and after 3 months of occlusion therapy. Comparing the contrast sensitivity of sound eye after the occlusion therapy to that before the occlusion, there was no statistical difference in photopic condition. When it comes to mesopic condition, the contrast sensitivity decreased at the intermediate spatial frequency level (3-13 c.p.d, p=0.028) after the occlusion therapy. The occlusion caused statistically significant decrease in mesopic contrast sensitivity, when the visual acuity was not changed after the occlusion therapy. It may indicate that mesopic contrast sensitivity can be considered as a useful tool for early detection of hidden occlusion amblyopia.
Amblyopia/*physiopathology/*therapy ; Child ; *Contrast Sensitivity ; Humans ; Orthoptics ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To compare contrast sensitivity (CS) in type and degree of posterior capsule opacification (PCO) in pseudophakic eyes before and after neodymium: YAG capsulotomy. METHODS: Nine eyes with fibrosis-type PCO and 26 with Elschnig-pearl type PCO were examined for best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and CS before and 1 week after capsulotomy. CS was tested with visual capacity analyzer (ACV) which uses a Landolt ring of 5 different spatial frequencies (SF) under two different conditions of day (100cd/m2) and night (30cd/m2). The patients were divided into two groups based on the BCVA before capsulotomy: Group A, 4 eyes and 18 eyes with below 0.63 in fibrosis-type and pearls-type PCO, respectively; Group B, 5 eyes and 8 eyes with above 0.63 in fibrosis-type and pearls-type PCO, respectively. RESULTS: The patients with PCO had worse BCVA and CS, but these were improved by Nd: YAG capsulotomy. This was not affected by the types and degrees of PCO. In the daytime condition, CS of B group was worse at all SF in patients with pearl-type PCO than in those with fibrosis-type PCO before capsulotomy, except 19 cpd (p<0.05). In the nighttime condition, CS in the two groups showed no difference at all SF (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In the daytime condition, the patients with pearls-type PCO of relatively poor BCVA had lower CS than those with fibrosis-type PCO.
Capsule Opacification ; Contrast Sensitivity* ; Humans ; Neodymium ; Visual Acuity