The present study was undertaken to observe the quality and quantity of lipid constituents by the developing Ascaris suum eggs. The collected eggs from the uterus of A. suum were classified into 3 groups, i.e., single cell stage, morula stage and embryonated eggs, and were subjected to analyse their lipid fractions. To obtain the morula stage eggs, 10 to 11 incubation days at 30 degree C were needed and for the embryonated eggs, 30 to 31 days were lasted. At the time of experiment, their indices of development by Hoffman were 285(morula stage) and 42 (embryonated stage) respectively. Lipid extraction was done by the methods of Folch et a1. (1957) and Kenny (1952), and then the extracted lipid fractions from the above 3 groups of eggs were separated by thin layer chromatography. Those fractions were also subjected to perform the quantitative analyses of fatty acids, glycerides, cholesterol and phospholipids. The results obtained were summarized as follows. Total amount of fatty acid was decreased from 12.9 mg per gram of eggs (single cell stage) to 6.6 mg/gm (embryonated eggs), whereas the proportion of free fatty acid to total fatty acid was constantly increased from 77.5 percent to 89.4 percent during the period of egg development. Total amount of glycerides was also increased from 33.0 mg/gm of single cell stage to 55.9 mg/gm of the embryonated eggs. The most abundant glyceride among 3 glycerides discovered from A. suum eggs was triglyceride, and the least was monoglyceride. The amount of free cholesterol was much larger than that of ester form in general, and it reached maximum in the eggs of morula stage (4.6 mg/gm). The increase of total cholesterol was monitored during the development of A. suum eggs from 3.3 mg/gm to 5.4 mg/gm. The following 8 phospholipids were detected in the embryonated eggs, i.e., lysophosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl inositol, sphingomyelin, phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidyl serine, phosphatidyl ethanolamine and unknown phospholipid. But in the single cell stage eggs, 4 kinds out of the above 8 phopholipids were not observed, and in the morula stage eggs, 2 kinds were absent among the 8 phospholipids.
parasitology-helminth-nematoda ; Ascaris suum ; ovum ; lipid ; fatty acid ; glycerides ; triglyceride ; monoglyceride ; cholesterol ; lysophosphatidyl choline ; phosphatidyl inositol ; sphingomyelin ; phosphatidyl choline ; phosphatidyl glycerol ; phosphatidyl serine ; phosphatidyl ethanolamine ; phopholipids ; biochemistry

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in Filipino patients with gout and know the specific component that is predominant in this population.
METHODS: Patients who are diagnosed with gout based on the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria, at least 20 years old, attending the outpatient rheumatology clinic of a tertiary hospital from March 2012 to December 2012 and  willing  to sign written informed consent were included in  the study. The following information was collected: demographic and disease characteristics, blood pressure, body mass index, waist circumference, triglycerides, HDL, and fasting blood sugar. MS was defined according to the revised NCEP/ATP III criteria using the WHO Asia-Pacific obesity criteria. Results were reported in means and proportion.
RESULTS: Sixty-three patients were included in the study. The mean age of onset and at time of diagnosis of gout were 47.3 years and 52.9 years, respectively. At the time of the study, the average duration of gout was five to 10 years. The male to female ratio was 6:1. The prevalence of MS was 47.6% (30/63) with male to female ratio of 5:1.The prevalence of abdominal obesity was 39.7%, hypertension 36.5%, low HDL 31.7%, high triglycerides 30.2%, and diabetes mellitus 14.3%.
CONCLUSION:The prevalence of MS in this subset of Filipino patients with gout was 47.6%. Its most common component was abdominal obesity found in 39.7% of cases. This is an area of intervention that needs to be addressed in the care of these patients.

Human ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Metabolic Syndrome X ; Obesity, Abdominal ; Obesity ; Hdl-triglyceride ; Triglycerides ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Lipoproteins, Hdl ; Hypertension ; Adenosine Triphosphate

INTRODUCTION: Postprandial lipemia characterized by a rise in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins after eating, is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Among diabetic patients, postprandial lipemia is often overlooked once fasting lipid parameters are within target. The aim of the study is to determine the correlation of glycemic control and postprandial hyperglycemia with postprandial lipemia among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). The result of the study may have important implications on how dyslipidemia should be completely addressed.

METHODOLOGY: A clinic-based retrospective chart review of 102 patients with recorded fasting and postprandial blood measurements was performed. Subjects included adult patients with type 2 DM whose fasting lipid parameters were controlled with diet and/or medications. Plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) were independent variables while triglyceride, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) were dependent variables. Pearson correlation was used to determine the strength of relationships among the variables mentioned. A p-value

RESULTS: Of the 102 patients, 52.9% and 47.1% were achieving their target HbA1C and twohour postprandial plasma glucose, respectively. The postprandial level of plasma glucose, mean triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL and HDL were 196.39 mg/dL, 189.06 mg/dL, 177.07 mg/dL, 122.40 mg/dL and 34.83 mg/dL, respectively. HbA1C has strong positive correlation with postprandial lipemia (Pearson's r=0.40) while the two-hour plasma glucose has moderate positive correlation (Pearson's r=0.34) with postprandial lipemia. Both relationships were considered significant (p-value <0.05).

CONCLUSION: A significant correlation of glycemic control and postprandial hyperglycemia with postprandial lipemia was observed. Our data suggest that despite achievement of optimal fasting lipid parameters, poor control of diabetes is positively correlated with abnormal elevation of postprandial triglyceride. Addressing both postprandial hyperglycemia and lipemia may improve cardiovascular outcome.

Human ; Male ; Female ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Lipoprotein Triglyceride ; Lipoproteins ; Hyperlipidemias ; Dyslipidemias ; Hyperglycemia ; Cholesterol ; Cardiovascular Diseases