Objective To observe the changes of respiratory and hemodynamic functions in children with different age undergoing laparoscopic Nissen's fundoplication(LNF). Methods Thirty-three children with LNF were divided into three groups according to the age: group Ⅰ,1 to 12 months,n=13;group Ⅱ,1 to 3 years old,n=10;and group Ⅲ,4 to 7 years,n=10.Heart rate(HR),mean arterial pressure,Ppeak,compliance of the respiratory system(CRS) and end-tidal carbon dioxide pressure(PETCO2) were recorded 5 min before pneumoperitoneum(T0),10 min(T1),60 min(T2) after pneumoperitoneum and 10 min after deflation(T3),and parameters of blood gas analysis such as PaCO2 were measured at the same time. Results Compared with those at T0,HR,Ppeak,PETCO2 and the difference between PaCO2 and PETCO2(Pa-ETCO2)were significantly increased at T1 and T2,while CRS was significantly decreased.The most significant changes were found in group Ⅰ. Conclusion The changes of respiratory and hemodynamic functions are observed in children undergoing LNF,and anesthesia management should be enhanced for those within 1 to 12 months old who experience the most significant changes.

Objective To investigate the effects of diclofenac sodium suppositories on emergence agitation after sevoflurane maintenance in children undergoing adenotonsilleetomy. Methods Forty-five patients selected for adenotonsillectomy were randomly divided into three groups (n=15). Patients in group 1 were given diclofenac sodium suppositories 12.5 mg right after intubation, those in group 2 were given diclofenac sodium suppositories 12.5 mg immediately after operation, while those in control group were not treated with diclofenac sodium suppositories before or after operation. The extubation time and time spent in post-anesthctic ICU (PACU) were recorded, the modified Aldrete score and pain score were assessed after entrance into PACU, and pediatric anesthesia emergence delirium (PAED) scale was administered 10, 20 and 30 rain after entrance into PACU. Results There was no significant difference in extubation time and time spent in PACU among three groups(P>0.05). Ten minutes after entrance into PACU, the PAED score of group 1 was significantly lower than those of group 2 and control group(P<0.05), while there was no significant difference between the latter two groups(P>0.05). Twenty and thirty minutes after entrance into PACU, the PAED scores of group 1 and group 2 were significantly lower than that of control group(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the modified Aldrete score right after entrance into PACU among three groups. The pain scores of group 1 and group 2 were signifiantly lower than that of control group(P< 0.05). Conclusion Diclofenac sodium suppositories can decrease the incidence and severity of emergence agitation after sevoflurane maintenance in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy.

Endometriosis is associated with femaleinfertility,but the underlying mechanism has not beenfully understood.As is reported,endometriosis cancause tubal obstruction,hydrosalpinx,tubal adhesionand microstructural damage.Also,the ectopic implantsmay result in decreased ciliary beat frequency andweakened muscular contractile activity of the tube,aswell as abnormal components of tubal fluid.All thesechanges lead to impaired female fertility.This reviewfocuses on the damage to the structure and function offallopian tube caused by endometriosis.

This study aims to investigate whether the cultivation peony, can take the place of wild herbaceous peony by comparing the biological traits and paeoniflorin content between them. The result showed that the biomass of the stem, leaf, crown, fleshy root and fine root of wild plants were all smaller than that of bud asexual cultivated plants, while there was no significant differences in below-ground and aboveground biomass ratio between these two plants. The stele diameter, the proportion of stele, and the ratio of stele diameter to cortex thickness of wild plants were significantly higher than that of bud asexual cultivated plants, while the cortex thickness and the proportion of cortex were significantly smaller than bud asexual cultivated plants. Although the biological traits of bud asexual cultivated plants have changed significantly, the paeoniflorin content in fleshy roots has no significant difference between wild and bud asexual cultivated plants. Therefore, it is feasible to use the bud asexual cultivation to the conservation and large-scale cultivation of Paeonia laciflora, which is an endangered species.
Glucosides ; analysis ; Monoterpenes ; analysis ; Paeonia ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; growth & development

OBJECTIVETo explore the correlation between pathological characteristics of target organs and excess evil syndrome in IgA nephropathy.

METHODSData were collected in multicenter cooperation. Totally 266 IgA nephropathy patients were typed into exogenous wind-heat affection syndrome (49 cases), lower energizer damp-heat syndrome (100 cases), damp-phlegm syndrome (43 cases), and blood stasis syndrome (74 cases). Meanwhile, percutaneous renal biopsy was performed in all patients for Hass classification, Oxford classification, Katafuchi integral, and Jiang's classification methods. The correlation between excess evil syndrome and pathological index was analyzed.

RESULTSFour syndrome types were correlated with their Hass levels (r = 0. 341, P <0. 01). Affection of exogenous wind-heat syndrome was correlated with segmental proliferation of endothelial cells and damaged active lesions of segmental capillary loops. Lower-energizer damp-heat syndrome was associated with Hass III level, destroying active lesions of capillary loops, segmental proliferation of endothelial cells, glomerular segmental lesions, focal interstitial infiltration of inflammatory cells, focal interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy. Blood stasis syndrome was associated with Hass IV level, glomerular sclerosis, segmental glomerulosclerosis (S)/adhesion, mesangial hypercellularity (M), angiohyalinosis, multi-foci interstitial infiltration of inflammatory cells, multi-foci interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy. Phlegm-damp syndrome had higher proportions of Hass I and III levels, but with no association with other pathological parameters.

CONCLUSIONSExcess evil syndrome was associated with partial pathological characteristics of IgA nephropathy. It could reflect pathological damage degree of target organs, activities, chronic lesions, and prognosis of IgA nephropathy to certain extent. Correlated pathological characteristics and its evolution could indicate excess evil syndrome types and their evolution rules.

Capillaries ; Fibrosis ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA ; pathology ; Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental ; Humans ; Kidney Glomerulus ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Prognosis ; Syndrome

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expressions of leptin and its receptor in the epididymis of experimental varicocele (EV) rats.

METHODSForty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: 4-week EV (n = 12), 8-week EV (n = 12), 4-week control (n = 8), and 8-week control (n = 8). EV models were established by partial ligation of the left renal vein. The expressions of leptin and its receptor in the rat epididymis were measured by immunohistochemistry, and their mRNA expressions determined by real-time quantitative PCR.

RESULTSThe expressions of leptin and its receptor in the epididymis were significantly higher in the 4- and 8-week EV groups than in the 4- and 8-week control groups (P < 0.01), with no significant difference between the two EV groups (P > 0.05). So were their mRNA expressions in the former two than in the latter two groups (P < 0.01), with no significant difference between the former two (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe expressions of leptin and its receptor are markedly increased in the epididymis of varicocele rats. Leptin may be involved in the mechanisms of varicocele inducing male infertility.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Epididymis ; metabolism ; Leptin ; metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Leptin ; metabolism ; Varicocele ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of Ganoderma lucidum spores on Cytochrome C (Cyt-C) and mitochondrial calcium in the testis of NIDDM rats.

METHODSFifty male Wistar rats were divided randomly into three groups: model, ganoderma and normal control, the first two groups injected with 2% STZ through vena caudalis, and the last one with half-and-half sodium citrate/citrate buffer solution. Two weeks after normal diet, glucose tolerance tests were performed and the rats with abnormal glucose tolerance from the model and ganoderma groups received high-fat and high-carbohydrate food, the ganoderma group given Ganoderma lucidum spores (250mg/[ kg x d] ) in addition, both for 10 weeks. Glucose tolerance tests were repeated 1 day before the end of the experiment and the rats were castrated and relevant indexes measured.

RESULTSThe NIDDM model was successfully constructed. In the model group, the levels of mitochondrial Cyt-C and mitochondrial calcium were significantly lower (P <0. 05) while that of the plasma Cyt-C was significantly higher than in the ganoderma and the control groups.

CONCLUSIONCyt-C and calcium ion are involved in the damage of the testis. Ganoderma lucidum spores can protect the testis of NIDDM rats.

Animals ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Cytochromes c ; metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; drug therapy ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; drug therapy ; Male ; Mitochondria ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reishi ; Testis ; drug effects ; metabolism

AIM To establish a molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs)-HPLC method for the simultaneous content dertermination of four flavonoids in Rubus chingii Hu.METHODS Fe3O4 magnetic MIPs was added into ethyl acetate fraction solution of R.chingii to prepare mixed MIPs.The analysis of mixed MIPs methanol eluent was performed on a 30 ℃ thermostatic Diamonsil C18 column (250 mm ×4.6 mm,5 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of acetonitrile-0.1％ formic acid flowing at 1.0 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and the detection wavelength was set at 266 nm.RESULTS Tannins,lilsonide,quercetin and kaempferol showed good linear relationships within the ranges of 2.4-1 232.0 μg (R2 =1)、7.1-3 648.0 μg (R2 =0.999 9)、4.7-4 840.0 μg (R2 =0.999 9)、4.8-2 440.0 μg (R2 =0.999 9),whose average recoveries were 98.94％,99.33％,99.26％ and 98.67％ with the RSDs of 2.04％,1.40％,1.76％ and 1.75％,respectively.CONCLUSION This accurate and reliable method eliminates impurity interference,which can be used for the content determination of flavonoids in R.chingii.

Molecular mechanisms whereby H2S influences its targets have been of intriguing interest. In this work, L-lactic dehydrogenase ( L-LDH) was used as the protein target, and three kinds of H2S-donor reagents ( NaHS, Na2S, and polysulfide) were chosen. The interactions of these H2S-donor reagents with L-LDH were disclosed by molecular fluorescent assays for real-time monitoring of L-LDH activity. The results of the SDS-PAGE showed that H2S might not interact with L-LDH to form disulfide/trisulfide bonding. Circular dichroism spectra assays revealed that H2S reagents could be likely to react with cysteine thiols to yield sulfurated thiol (-SSH) derivatives in L-LDH, and sulfur-containing PS ( polysulfide) was a stronger protein S-sulfurating agent than the other two sulfides. Matrix assisted laser desorptionionization time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry ( MALDI-TOF-MS/MS) study showed partial S-sulfuration of the active cysteine sites existed in L-LDH. In conclusion, H2S exerts its biological effects as a gasotransmitter through its reactions with cysteine thiols in proteins by S-sulfuration.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of dopamine and norepinephrine on the renal function in the patients with septic shock.

METHODSEighty-seven patients with septic shock were divided into three groups (group A, B, C) according to the biggest infusing rate of norepinephrine, with the infusing rate of 0.5 - 0.9, 1.0 - 1.5, 1.6 - 2.0 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1), respectively. Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), urine output, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CRE), urine albumin (U-ALB) and urine beta(2)-microglobulin (Ubeta(2)-MG) as well as APACHE III score in all the patients were detected.

RESULTSBefore anti-shock therapy was given, hypotension, tachycardia and oliguria occurred in all the 87 patients, and CRE, BUN, U-ALB, Ubeta(2)-MG and APACHE III score were abnormal in most cases. With the anti-shock therapy, MAP, HR, urine output and BUN, CRE in all patients returned to normal levels gradually, and U-ALB, Ubeta(2)-MG levels and APACHE III score also restored but still remained abnormal.

CONCLUSIONSThe first aim of treating septic shock should be restoring the organ blood supply, and based on volume resuscitation, dopamine, noradrenaline and other vasoactive drugs could be combined to maintain circulatory stability.

APACHE ; Adult ; Aged ; Blood Transfusion ; Cardiotonic Agents ; administration & dosage ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Dopamine ; administration & dosage ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney ; drug effects ; physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Norepinephrine ; administration & dosage ; Retrospective Studies ; Shock, Septic ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Vasoconstrictor Agents ; administration & dosage