OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship among oxygen concentration, quorum sensing system, type secretion system, and biofilm production of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

METHODSA total of 23 clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were cultured at different levels of environmental oxygen for three days. Then biofilm mass and alginate were quantified. The expression levels of LasI and RhlI were detected by real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The secretion of exoenzyme S was examined by Western blot.

RESULTSBoth the biofilm mass (R=0.455, P=0.000) and alginate (R=0.367, P=0.000) were positively correlated with oxygen concentration. Real time PCR showed that the expression levels of LasI and RhlI were not significantly correlated with oxygen concentration (R=0.025, P=0.794; R=-0.044, P=0.653), the production of biofilm (R=0.001, P=0.990; R=0.011, P=0.909), or alginate(R=0.029, P=0.770; R=0.193, P=0.064). Western blot showed that the optimal oxygen concentration range for exoenzyme S secretion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ranged 10% to 30%.

CONCLUSIONSHyperoxia can promote the production of biofilm and alginate by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Las/Rhl system may not participate in biofilm production at the early stage due to the low bacteria amount. The increased production of biofilm may inhibit the expression of Type Secretion system and thus inhibit bacterial virulence.

Alginates ; metabolism ; Biofilms ; drug effects ; Oxygen ; metabolism ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; metabolism ; physiology ; Quorum Sensing ; drug effects ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo review the situation of stomatological research projects supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) and to analyze the status of stomatological research and obtained achievements in the past decade.

METHODSThe internet-based science information system of NSFC together with Yearbook of Chinese Stomatology was served as the basis of data collection. All of the data were arranged and analyzed by Excel.

RESULTSA total of 866 projects and 234.4054 billion Yuan were supported by NSFC during the past decade, and they were increasing continuously. The average supportive strength of each single project was also enhanced. The percentage of projects supported by the NSFC for young scientists accounted for the biggest proportion. The approved projects of stomatology were covering an increasingly wide area of the subjects. The projects number of different areas kept growing, and further investigations were done in these projects. The areas number were from 10 increasing to 26.

CONCLUSIONSWith the support of NSFC, great progress has been made in stomatology, and the interdisciplinary research between stomatology and other disciplines is more active.

China ; Databases, Factual ; Foundations ; Natural Science Disciplines ; Oral Medicine ; economics ; Research Support as Topic ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUND: Because of scaphoid irregular shape and the wrist joint and adjacent bones overlap, so the diagnosis and treatment of scaphoid fracture and treatment became so difficult. Which imaging methods hold highest diagnosis rate, and which kind of surgical approaches with less impact on fracture healing are still under discussion.OBJECTIVE: To review the imaging examinations of scaphoid fracture and the research advance in surgical approaches.METHODS: The first author retrieved CJFD and PubMed databases for the literature addressing the imaging examinations and surgical approaches of scaphoid fracture published from 2005 to 2015 with the keywords of "scaphodl bone, fracture, iconography, surgical approach" in Chinese and English, respectively. The old and repetitive articles were excluded, totally 3021 articles were retrieved. In accordance with inclusion and exclusion criteria, finally 24 eligible articles were included for result analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The wrist joint at positions of pronation 60°, supination 45°, oblique and lateral can reveal the scaphoid from different angles on X-ray, which improves the diagnosis rate. At present, CT is the most reliable method, but there is a lack of quantization parameter for evaluating scaphoid fracture, especially for occult fracture. MRI can completely show the structure of scaphoid, even blood supply. Bone scintigraphy possesses a higher diagnosis rate than X-ray and CT examinations. (2) The surgical approaches of scaphoid fracture include volar, dorsal, radiocarpa approaches, but none is ideal. (3) The ideal surgical approach still needs a in-depth study, which can well reveal the scaphoid, achieve good reduction, reduce the damage to the remaining blood supply, confirm the position of scaphoid benifical for internal fixator implantation, and can be minimally invasive and easy to operate.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the safety and efficacy of intracoronary transplantation of G-CSF mobilized autologous peripheral blood stem cells in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

METHODSPatients with AMI were randomly assigned to receive intracoronary PBSCs transplantation following bone marrow cells mobilization by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (300-600 microg/day subcutaneously for 5 days) in addition to standard therapy (standard drug therapy and PCI, PBSCs transplantation group, n = 35) or standard therapy (standard drug therapy and PCI, n = 35). One day after G-CSF treatment was finished the patient's mononuclear cells were harvested by Baxter CS 3000 blood cell separator in a volume of 57 ml and then transferred into the infarct related artery by occluding the over the wire balloon and infusing artery through balloon center lumen. Complications during intervention and left ventricular function at baseline and 6 months thereafter were monitored.

RESULTSNo severe side effects of G-CSF treatment could be observed. Malignant arrhythmias were not observed either. Left ventricular function was significantly improved 6 months after G-CSF mobilized autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation compared to baseline (global left ventricular function ejection fraction: 57.1 +/- 7.8 vs. 50.0 +/- 8.2%, P < 0.0001; WMSI: 1.101 +/- 0.118 vs. 1.219 +/- 0.190, P < 0.0001; left end-systolic volume: 52.6 +/- 20.3 vs. 63.8 +/- 23.9 ml, P = 0.01 and left end-diastolic volume: 119.2 +/- 30.3 vs. 134.2 +/- 36.7 ml, P = 0.07) while these parameters remained unchanged in the control group.

CONCLUSIONThe present study demonstrates that G-CSF mobilized autologous intracoronary PBSCs transplantation is a safe and feasible treatment for patients with AMI and global left ventricular function is improved and left ventricular remodeling attenuated at six-month follow-up.

Aged ; Female ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor ; therapeutic use ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction ; surgery ; therapy ; Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation ; Transplantation, Autologous ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo observe the efficacy and side effect of DA/HA regimen chemotherapy for the treatment of refractory and relapsed paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH).

METHODSEight patients with refractory and relapsed PNH were treated with DA/HA regimen chemotherapy. Three patients were treated with DA (DNR 40 mg/d, i.v.drip, the first and the second day; 20 mg/d, i.v.drip, the third day; Ara-C 100 mg/d, i.v.drip, for 5 days) and 5 patients with HA (HHT 2 - 3 mg/d, i.v.drip, for 5 days; Ara-C 100 mg/d, i.v.drip, for 5 days).

RESULTSAll the 8 patients responded well: the PNH clone was diminished in five patients. Hemolysis was remitted in 6 cases. Five patients showed improvement in hematological parameters. The dosage of corticosteroid was decreased in all of them. No serious side effect was revealed.

CONCLUSIONDA/HA regimen chemotherapy was safe and effective for refractory and relapsed PNH patients.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Cytarabine ; administration & dosage ; Daunorubicin ; administration & dosage ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Glycosylphosphatidylinositols ; analysis ; Harringtonines ; Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Male

OBJECTIVETo analyse the relapse rate and risk factors of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) and Evans syndrome.

METHODSFifty two cases of AIHA and Evans syndrome in remission being followed up for 1 - 14 years (median time 3.8 years) were analysed for relapse rate. The risk factors of relapse were analysed by case-control study.

RESULTSThe total relapse rate of these AIHA and Evans syndrome patients was 57.7%, and the median remission duration to the first relapse was 9 months. The relapse rates in patients with negative Coombs test, warm autoantibodies and both of warm and cold autoantibodies were 30.8% (4/13), 54.0% (13/24) and 86.7% (13/15), respectively. The relapse rate in patients with cold antibody was the highest (P < 0.05). The relapse rate in patients with antibody titer >or= 100 was 92.9% (13/14) and was higher than that in patients with antibody titer < 100 [59.5% (13/22)] (P < 0.05). Patients treated with prednisone and cyclosporin relapsed less than those treated with prednisone alone, and the relapse was related to the therapy course of prednisone and CsA.

CONCLUSIONBecause of the high relapse rate, AIHA and Evans syndrome should be treated according to the class of autoantibodies, and with longer course of prednisone and cyclosporin and prophylaxis of infection.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune ; etiology ; immunology ; Autoantibodies ; blood ; Child ; Cyclosporine ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prednisone ; therapeutic use ; Recurrence ; Risk Factors ; Syndrome ; Thrombocytopenia ; etiology ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical features of severe aplastic anemia (SAA) patients with complication of infection.

METHODSA retrospective analysis of prevalence of infection occurring in 229 SAA patients, their bacterial spectrum, and the effect of GM-CSF or G-CSF on the infection were done.

RESULTThe prevalence of infection in SAA patients was 86.0%, among which 54.2% was infected with gram-positive organisms, 40.0% with gram-negative bacilli and 5.8% with fungal infections. Septicemia occurred mostly with E. coli and Pseudomonas infection. Patient's neutropenia was significantly related to the infection. The patients with neutrophil count less than 0.2 x 10(9)/L had more frequent and severe infection. Age, hemoglobin level, subtype of T lymphocytes and antithymocyte globulin therapy were not related to infection. Prophylaxis usage of floxacin could not reduce patient' gastrointestinal infection. The total mortality of SAA patients with infection was 23.1%. Pulmonary infection and septicemia increased mortality, and GM-CSF/G-CSF therapy reduce mortality.

CONCLUSIONSAA patients were at high risk of infection which was significantly associated with severe neutropenia. GM-CSF or G-CSF therapy exerts an assistant role to antibiotics in controlling the infections.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Anemia, Aplastic ; complications ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; therapeutic use ; Bacteria ; isolation & purification ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infection ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Time Factors

Objective: To investigate the clinical manifestations and genetic features of 2 children with Smith-Kingsmore syndrome caused by MTOR gene variation and review the literature. Methods: The clinical data of 2 children carrying MTOR gene variant, diagnosed at Xi'an Children's Hospital from April 2018 to April 2021, were retrospectively summarized."MTOR"and"Smith-Kingsmore syndrome"were used as key words to search at China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, PubMed and OMIM up to August 2021. The characteristics of MTOR gene variation and the clinical phenotype of children with Smith-Kingsmore syndrome were summarized. Results: Two children were both females, aged 1.5 years and 2 years respectively, the onset age were both in infancy. They both had developmental delay, megalencephaly and abnormal face. Both whole exome sequencing revealed a de novo heterozygous missense variant in MTOR gene. One case carried c.5395G>A (p.Glu1799Lys) and the other case carried c.7234G>C (p.Asp2412His). There was no literature of MTOR gene variation in Chinese. So far, a total of 45 cases were reported worldwide with detailed clinical information. Eleven variations in MTOR gene were involved, which were all heterozygous missense mutations. Among them, p.Glu1799Lys was the most common sites (28 cases,62%). Another case carried c.7234G>C (p.Asp2412His) was not reported before. Summarizing the 47 cases (including these 2 cases), 46 cases had developmental delay or intellectual disability, 9 cases had developmental regression,42 cases had megalencephaly, 30 cases had facial malformation,16 cases had hypotonia, 17 cases had autism spectrum disorders, 3 cases had hyperactivity, 3 cases had obsessive compulsive disorder, 13 cases had eye diseases, 11 cases had cutaneous vascular malformation, and 9 cases had hypoglycemia. Conclusions: The main clinical features of Smith-Kingsmore syndrome include megalencephaly, developmental delay or intellectual disability, and facial malformation, which can be combined with epilepsy, autism spectrum disorder, hypotonia, hypoglycemia and so on. The variation of MTOR gene is the cause of Smith-Kingsmore syndrome.
Autism Spectrum Disorder ; Female ; Humans ; Hypoglycemia ; Intellectual Disability/genetics* ; Megalencephaly/genetics* ; Muscle Hypotonia ; Mutation ; Retrospective Studies ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics*

Objective: To explore the characteristics, patterns of multimorbidity and the impact on quality of life and the prognosis of middle-aged and elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. From January 2012 to December 2021, 939 middle-aged and elderly COPD patients hospitalized in Beijing Hospital were selected by the convenient sampling method. The basic data of patients and the date of 16 common chronic diseases were collected. Patterns of multimorbidity were depicted by cluster analysis. Generalized linear regression model and logistic regression were used to evaluate the multimorbidity patterns and their prognosis. Results: At least one multimorbidity existed among 93.40% of COPD patients, and the median number of multimorbidity was 3. The top five multimorbidity among the patients were hypertension (57.93%, 544/939), coronary heart disease (33.76%,317/939), heart failure (31.95%,300/939), hyperlipidemia (31.63%,297/939) and arrhythmia (27.37%,257/939). Four multimorbidity patterns were identified, cardiometabolic and metabolic multimorbidity, kidney disease multimorbidity, respiratory-digestive-tumor multimorbidity and other multimorbidity. Cardiometabolic and metabolic multimorbidity was most common (590/939, 62.83%). Compared with non-cardiometabolic and metabolic multimorbidity, the incharge ADL score of patients with this multimorbidity decreased by 7 points (95%CI:-11.22- -3.34), Correspondingly, patients with kidney disease multimorbidity decreased by 14 points (95%CI:-24.12- -3.30) on the incharge score. The presence or absence of kidney disease multimorbidity had the greatest impact on discharge score, which was reduced by 12 points in comparison with patients without this multimorbidity (95%CI:-22.43- -2.40). ICU admission is mostly affected by the presence of cardiometabolic and metabolic multimorbidity (OR=2.44, 95%CI: 1.51-3.92) and kidney disease multimorbidity (OR=2.58, 95%CI: 1.01-6.60). The risk of death is the highest for cardiometabolic and metabolic multimorbidity (OR=2.24, 95%CI: 1.19-4.21). Conclusion: Multimorbidity is common in COPD patients. The most common pattern is cardiometabolic and metabolic multimorbidity. Cardiometabolic and metabolic multimorbidity and kidney disease multimorbidity significantly affect the quality of life and often associate with a poor prognosis.
Aged ; Middle Aged ; Humans ; Multimorbidity ; Inpatients ; Prevalence ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Quality of Life ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/epidemiology* ; Chronic Disease

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Yinlai Decoction (YD) on the microstructure of colon, and activity of D-lactic acid (DLA) and diamine oxidase (DAO) in serum of pneumonia mice model fed with high-calorie and high-protein diet (HCD). METHODS: Sixty male Kunming mice were randomly divided into 6 groups by the random number table method: normal control, pneumonia, HCD, HCD with pneumonia (HCD-P), YD (229.2 mg/mL), and dexamethasone (15.63 mg/mL) groups, with 10 in each group. HCD mice were fed with 52% milk solution by gavage. Pneumonia mice was modeled with lipopolysaccharide inhalation and was fed by gavage with either the corresponding therapeutic drugs or saline water, twice daily, for 3 days. After hematoxylin-eosin staining, the changes in the colon structure were observed under light microscopy and transmission electron microscope, respectively. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the protein levels of DLA and DAO in the serum of mice. RESULTS: The colonic mucosal structure and ultrastructure of mice in the normal control group were clear and intact. The colonic mucosal goblet cells in the pneumonia group tended to increase, and the size of the microvilli varied. In the HCD-P group, the mucosal goblet cells showed a marked increase in size with increased secretory activity. Loose mucosal epithelial connections were also observed, as shown by widened intercellular gaps with short sparse microvilli. These pathological changes of intestinal mucosa were significantly reduced in mouse models with YD treatment, while there was no significant improvement after dexamethasone treatment. The serum DLA level was significantly higher in the pneumonia, HCD, and HCD-P groups as compared with the normal control group (P<0.05). Serum DLA was significantly lower in the YD group than HCD-P group (P<0.05). Moreover, serum DLA level significantly increased in the dexamethasone group as compared with the YD group (P<0.01). There was no statistical significance in the serum level of DAO among groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS YD can protect function of intestinal mucosa by improving the tissue morphology of intestinal mucosa and maintaining integrity of cell connections and microvilli structure, thereby reducing permeability of intestinal mucosa to regulate the serum levels of DLA in mice.
Mice ; Male ; Animals ; Lactic Acid/pharmacology* ; Intestinal Mucosa ; Colon/pathology* ; Dexamethasone/pharmacology* ; Diet, High-Protein ; Pneumonia/pathology*