Objective To explore the relationship between the serum level of leptin,growth hormone(GH),insulin like growth factor-1(IGF-1),insulin like growth factor binding protein-3(IGFBP-3)and those modulatine effects on fetal growth.Methods One hundred and thirty-five cases of newborns were divided into 4 groups according to the relationship between born weight and gestational age.Group A:premature infants small for gestational age(SGA),n=30.Group B:premature infants appropriate for gestational age(AGA),n=36.Group C:mature infants small for gestational age,n=32.Group D:mature infants appropriate for gestational age,n=37.All infants were measured se-rum leptin,GH,IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 level with radiommunosassay(RIA).Results There were significant difference in the levels of leptin,GH,IGF-1,IGFBP-3 as group C0.05).There were positive correlation between levels of leptin,IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 in group A,B and C,while,there was positive correlation between only level of IGF-1 in group D.Conclusions Leptin,IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 may play an important role in the fetal growth regulation of premature infants and IUGR infants.IGF-1 also regulate intrauterine growth of group D.Another side,in group D,Leptin,GH,IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 don't regulate fetal growth.

One hundred Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum-sensing-related genes were selected and their primers were synthesized. The fragments of specific sequences which are related QS genes were amplified by PCR. These verified sequences were inserted into the vector pMD-18T for sequencing. These DNA fragments were dotted onto glass slides to make cDNA microarray. Hybridization was performed with cy3/cy5-dCTP labeled probes. The scanning data of early stationary phase and mid-logarithmic phase indicated that 9 genes were up-regulated and 6 genes were down-regulated. Undergoing the different medicines,we took tobramycin as an example to compare the expression diversity. The results confirm that the QS cDNA chip is useful,and may contribute to better understand the mechanism of quorum-sensing,and can help us find the new targets for restraining the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Since LIU Hejian proposed the concept of sweat pore， the theory of sweat pore has experienced accelerated development. Especially with the advances in modern human anatomy and physiology， the microscopic anatomy of sweat pore begins to focus on the intercellular space， ion channels and other membranous space with channels， pores， doors， etc.， which exert the functions of exchanging fluid， information， and energy inside and outside blood vessels and discharging metabolic wastes so as to maintain the normal operation of organs. Therefore， sweat pore is the structural basis for the movement of Qi and the central link of Qi-fluid exchange in the body. The brain， as the house of original spirit， is in charge of the spirit of five Zang-organs. The brain sweat pore is pivotal for the circulation of Qi， blood， and fluid in the brain， and it is the structural basis for the normal physiological functions of the brain. The dysfunction of the brain sweat pore will cause the stagnation of Qi and the abnormal transport of blood and fluid. It will cause the abnormal exchange of Qi， liquid and other material and information， which fail to nourish the original spirt and cause the loss of vital activity， eventually leading to consciousness and emotion disorders. The treatment should focus on opening the brain sweat pore， smoothing the exchange of Qi and fluid inside and outside the pore， and restoring the Qi movement， so as to cure encephalopathy. At present， western medicine treatment of encephalopathy needs to solve the problem of drug efflux from the blood-brain barrier and improve the effective concentration of drugs into the brain. The structure and function of brain sweat pore is similar to those of the blood-brain barrier. The aromatic resuscitative medicines and wind-extinguishing medicines can open the brain sweat pore. When being combined with other medicines， they can lead the medicine to enter the brain to restore the Qi movement of the brain sweat pore and enhance the therapeutic effect. Liver-pacifying wind-extinguishing medicines， insect medicines， tonifying medicines， heat-clearing toxin-removing medicines， and damp-draining medicines can treat pathological factors such as wind， phlegm， stasis， deficiency， toxin， and dampness， respectively. These medicines， combined with the medicines with the tropism to brain meridians， can open the brain sweat pore and guide the medicine into the brain to enhance the effective concentration of the medicine， thereby enhancing the efficacy against encephalopathy.

OBJECTIVETo study the biomechanical characteristics of antegrade intramedullary fixation for metacarpal fractures.

METHODSFrom March to May 2008, both the 4th and 5th metacarpals from 25 formalin embalmed cadaver hands had three-point bending test after transverse osteotomy followed by randomly fixation with one of the following three methods: plate and screw, antegrade intramedullary K-wire, crossed K-wire. While, both the 2nd and 3rd metacarpals had torsional loading test after the same management as the 4th and 5th metacarpal had undergone.

RESULTSIn the three-point bending test, both the maximum bending moment (M(max)) and bending rigidity (EI) of the antegrade intramedullary K-wire were comparable with those of the plate and screw, and were significantly larger than those of the crossed K-wire. In the torsional loading test, the antegrade intramedullary K-wire had a statistically smaller maximum torque (T(max)) than the plate and screw, and had a comparable T(max) with the crossed K-wire; while, the torsional rigidity (GJ) of the intramedullary K-wire was statistically weaker than that of both the plate and screw and the crossed wire.

CONCLUSIONSOne single antegrade intramedullary K-wire can provide a satisfactory M(max) and EI for metacarpal fixation and shows relatively weak in the torsional loading test. The injured finger should be well protected to avoid torsional deformity in clinical practice.

Adult ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Bone Plates ; Bone Screws ; Bone Wires ; Cadaver ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; instrumentation ; methods ; Fractures, Bone ; surgery ; Humans ; Metacarpal Bones ; injuries ; Osteotomy

OBJECTIVESTo retrospectively study on malignant giant cell tumor of tendon sheath (MGCTTS) in the hand, and to evaluate its clinical, histologic, immunohistochemical features and biologic evolution.

METHODSBetween January 1991 and December 2001, 10 patients with histologically proven MGCTTS were treated. The clinical material, radiographs and hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections were reviewed. Immunohistochemical studies and nuclear suspensions for flow cytometry were done on paraffin embedded tissue. All patients were followed up.

RESULTSThree of 10 patients in which the diagnosis of MGCTTS was originally considered were excluded after the slides reviewed and immunohistochemical examination performed. In the other 7 patients, one showed malignant and aggressive nature: the lesion recurred several times and the patient eventually died with pulmonary metastases. The immunohistochemical profile of the patient was similar to that reported in benign GCTTS, and the flow cytometry DNA analysis detected aneuploidy. Six cases presented histologic features of malignancy, 4 of them undertook the immunohistochemical examination and their profiles were similar to that reported in benign GCTTS. An aneuploidy DNA pattern was detected in one case on flow cytometry evaluation, diploidy DNA pattern was detected in 3 cases, and their S-phase fraction was 4.5%, 11.6% and 2.6% respectively. All of them had a benign clinical features, they were alive and without evidence of disease from 1.5 to 7.5 years (averagely, 4.5 years) after complete surgical excision or resections with wide surgical margins. None of them had received chemotherapy or radiation therapy.

CONCLUSIONSMalignant giant cell tumor of tendon sheath is an extremely rare malignant tumor, some cases have a poor outcome, the others, despite the histologically malignant features, have a good prognosis if wide surgical excision ablates the tumor completely.

Adult ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Follow-Up Studies ; Giant Cell Tumors ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Hand ; pathology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Tendons ; metabolism ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of tanshinone II A (TSN) on angiotensin II (Ang II) induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).

METHODSVSMCs were cultured by explant attached method, and induced to proliferative cell model with Ang II. The effect of TSN in different concentrations on calcineurin (CaN) activity was detected by enzyme reaction phosphorus measurement; the CaN mRNA expression was detected by RT-PCR; and the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were observed by immunocytochemical method.

RESULTSCompared with the normal control group, Ang II could significantly stimulate the proliferation of VSMCs, showing obviously elevated degree of proliferation activity (P <0. 01). After being treated with TSN, all the indexes, including CaN activity, CaN mRNA expression and PCNA expression, were obviously reduced in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05, P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONVSMCs proliferation can be inhibited by TSN in a dose-dependent manner and the inhibiting mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of CaN activities and the inhibition on CaN mRNA and PCNA expressions.

Angiotensin II ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Calcineurin ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Diterpenes, Abietane ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Down-Regulation ; drug effects ; Male ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; cytology ; enzymology ; Phenanthrenes ; pharmacology ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo observe the images of early lesions of condylar cartilage of osteoarthritic rats in synchrotron radiation diffraction enhanced imaging (DEI).

METHODSThe animal model of temporomandibular joint osteoarthrosis was established in rat following the method of partial resection of the joint disc. The changes of osteoarthritic condylar cartilage in different pathological stages were observed by DEI and compared with those in situ histopathological sections.

RESULTSWith DEI, straight and orbicular lines were detected in condylar cartilage 45 to 60 days after discs resection. The lines were confirmed by histopathology to be collagen degradation and tiny fissure formation inside the cartilage.

CONCLUSIONSDEI is capable of imaging the early stages of pathological changes of excised condylar cartilage such as collagen degradation and tiny fissure formation, and this technique is of potential value to clinical application.

Animals ; Cartilage, Articular ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Male ; Mandibular Condyle ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Radiography ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; X-Ray Diffraction ; methods

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of the extensive resection of the tumor-loading segment and artificial humerus head replacement combined with perioperative rehabilitation for the treatment of stage II to III giant cell tumor of bone in the proximal humerus.

METHODSFrom March 2007 to March 2010, 7 patients with stage II to III giant cell tumor of bone in the proximal humerus were treated. Among the patients, 3 patients were male and 4 patients were female with a mean age of 34.6 years (ranged, 18 to 49 years). The mean course of disease was 19 months (ranged, 6 to 35 months). All the patients were confirmed to suffer stage II to III giant cell tumor of bone in the proximal humerus by pathology and X-ray examinations. Clinical manifestations of the patients included persistence aggravated pain of the shoulder, swelling in the proximate arm with obviously tenderness, activity limited of the joint. All the patients were treated with extensive resection of the tumor-loading segment and artificial humerus head replacement combined with perioperative rehabilitation. CMS and OSIS score system were used to evaluate shoulder function and shoulder stability.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 14 to 35 months, with an average of 17 months. There were no serious complications or recurrence in all cases. One year after the surgery CMS and OSIS score system were 70.7 scores (ranged,63 to 82 scores) and 25.1 scores (ranged, 18 to 29 scores) respectively. According to evaluation for shoulder function, 2 patients got an excellent result and 5 good. According to evaluation of shoulder stability, 1 patient got an excellent result and 6 good.

CONCLUSIONExtensive resection of the tumor-loading segment and artificial humerus head replacement combined with perioperative rehabilitation for the treatment of stage II to III giant cell tumor of bone in the proximal humerus would not only preserve the upper extremity but also preserve the function of upper extremity.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Bone Neoplasms ; pathology ; rehabilitation ; surgery ; Female ; Giant Cell Tumor of Bone ; pathology ; rehabilitation ; surgery ; Humans ; Humerus ; surgery ; Limb Salvage ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging

BACKGROUNDLow-power helium-neon (He-Ne) lasers have been increasingly widely applied in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, and its vasodilation effect has been proven. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of low-power He-Ne laser irradiation directed at the precardial region of Wistar rats on capillary permeability in the myocardium and the expression of myocardial vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).

METHODSSixteen rats were divided randomly into control and irradiated groups (n = 8, each). A He-Ne laser (632.8 nm) was applied to the irradiated group with a dose of 60.5 J/cm(2). Ferritin was perfused into the left femoral vein and capillary permeability was examined under an electron microscope. VEGF expression in the myocardium was investigated by immunohistochemical methods, RT-PCR, and image analysis.

RESULTSThe ultrastructures of the myocardial capillaries were examined. Compared to the control group, more high-density granules (ferritin), which were present within the capillary endothelium and the mitochondrions of myocardial cells in the internal layer of the myocardium, were observed in the irradiated group. VEGF staining of the myocardium was stronger in the irradiated group than that in the control group. The optic density of the irradiated group (0.246 +/- 0.015) was significantly higher than that of the control group (0.218 +/- 0.012, P < 0.05). Finally, the levels of RT-PCR products of VEGF165 mRNA were 2.79 times higher in irradiated rats than in the control rats.

CONCLUSIONSOur study demonstrates that He-Ne laser irradiation (in doses of 60.5 J/cm(2)) increases myocardial capillary permeability and the production of VEGF in myocardial microvessels and in myocardium. Our study provides experimental morphological evidence that myocardial microcirculation can be improved using He-Ne laser irradiation.

Animals ; Capillary Permeability ; radiation effects ; Female ; Heart ; radiation effects ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lasers ; Microscopy, Electron ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; ultrastructure ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; analysis ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo explore the feasibility and the related surgical techniques of laryngeal function preservation in surgical treatment of pyriform sinus cancer.

METHODSTwo hundred and thirty cases (stage I, 6; stage II, 10; stage III, 91; stage IV, 123) with pyriform sinus cancer were treated surgically from 1978 to 1996 in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of Qilu Hospital of Shandong University. The methods of removing tumor and repairing surgical defects were depended on the extension of lesions. The laryngeal and pharyngeal functions were rebuilt by normal tissue preserved with lesions entirely removed. One hundred and fifty-eight cases were surgically treated with laryngeal functions preserved and 72 cases total laryngectomy. The most of the cases received postoperative radiotherapy.

RESULTSThe overall 3 and 5 year survival rates were 67.4% (155/230) and 48.3% (111/230) respectively. For stage I, the survival rate was 5/6; stage 11, 70.0% (7/10); stage III, 57.1% (52/91) and stage IV, 38.2% (47/123); the 3 and 5 year survival rates in functionally preserved group were 67.7% (107/158) and 50.0% (79/158), while in none functional group were 66.7% (48/72) and 43.1% (31/72), respectively. 75.3% (119/158) patients have laryngeal functions (voice,respiration and deglutition) completely restored and 24.7% (39/ 158) partially restored(voice and deglutition).

CONCLUSIONSThe preservative surgery is feasible for the selected pyriform sinus cancer cases. Choosing and following optimum surgical methods is a prerequisite for improving the quality of life of the cases.

Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Larynx ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pharyngectomy ; methods ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Outcome