Objective To investigate the predietors of road traffic accidents(RTAs)in middle school students.a ease-control study WaS designed to seek new clues for prevention and control on RTAs in this population.Methods Cases were 116 students who experienced RTAs from 2005/01/01 to 2005/12/31.116 students were.served as controls who were from the same clams of the cases and matched by age and sex.Information on personal behavior,family conditions,and knowledge,attitude,practice(KAB)on road traffic of these children were collected and compared.Conditionallogistic regressions were conducted to analyze the relationship between these factors and RTAs.Results Compared to the controls.the cases showed more negative attitude and risk-taking-behaviors especially in riding bicycle.However,knowledge on road safety showed less significant differences between eaSe and control groups.The negative attitude and risk-taking-behaviors were independent risk factors for RTAs by logistic regression.In addition.distance from home to school that longer than 1000 m seemed a risk factors for RTAs.while high education levels among mothers WaS a protective factor.Conclusion Road safety attitude and behavior.distance from home to school were the main influenee factors for RTAs among middle school students.It seemed more important in improving the attitude and behavior on road safety than to enhance the knowledge for prevention and eontrol of RTAs among middle school students.

Adult ; Aged ; Budd-Chiari Syndrome ; diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Humans ; Liver ; diagnostic imaging ; Liver Circulation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in the treatment of patients with solitary kidney stones. METHODS: The clinical data of 22 patients with solitary kidney stones treated with PCNL in Peking University People's Hospital from September 2008 to June 2014, with the follow-up data of more than 5 years were analyzed retrospectively. Perioperative indicators, postoperative stone free rate (SFR) and incidence of complications were recorded. Ultrasonography was used to evaluate the long-term stones recurrence rate. Serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were used to assess the long-term renal function. RESULTS: In this group of 22 patients, the average age was (50.3±11.8) years, with 10 cases of anatomic solitary kidneys, 12 functional solitary kidneys, and the median stone diameter was 1.65 (1.1-3.9) cm. All the patients had multiple stones, including 7 cases of staghorn stones. The median pre-operative serum creatinine was 104.5 (60.0-460.0) μmol/L, and the mean eGFR was (60.3±29.4) mL/min, showing no statistically significant difference compared with that before surgery. The mean operative time was (88.2±42.0) min, and there were 11 cases of single-channel and double-channel PCNL. The median serum creatinine on the first day after surgery was 102.0 (63.0-364.0) μmol/L, and the mean eGFR was (58.0±25.1) mL/min. The mean postoperative hospital stay was (8.7±5.2) days. In this group, 5 patients (22.7%) presented short-term complications, among which 4 patients presented postoperative infection and massive hemorrhage at the same time, which improved after conservative treatment, and 1 patient presented pleural injury and improved after closed thoracic drainage. Two patients (9.1%) developed long-term complications, and ureteral stricture occurred 3 months after operation, which improved after balloon dilatation. The median follow-up time was 6.2 (4.7-11.1) years. The median serum creatinine at the last follow-up was 104.0 (72.4-377.0) μmol/L, and the mean eGFR was (60.1±23.7) mL/min, showing no statistically significant difference compared with that before surgery. Renal function decreased in 6 patients (27.3%). Initial and final SFR were 72.7% and 100%, respectively. During the 6.2-year follow-up, 9 patients (40.9%) experienced recurrence of kidney stone. After stone recurrence, 13 lithotomy surgeries were performed, and the SFR by the latest follow-up was 63.6%. CONCLUSION This study had the longest follow-up time for patients with solitary kidney stones after PCNL reported at home and abroad. Ultrasound-guided standard PCNL was safe and effective in the treatment of solitary kidney stones. Long-term follow-up results showed that the recurrence rate of kidney stones was still high, but the long-term renal function was stable after operation, and some patients showed mild renal function decline.
Adult ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi ; Middle Aged ; Nephrolithotomy, Percutaneous ; Retrospective Studies ; Solitary Kidney/surgery* ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To determine the malignant grade related proteins implicated in human astrocytoma with proteomic techniques. Methods Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) was used to compare the protein expression profiles of normal human brain tissues (n=12) and astrocytoma tissue samples of various malignant grades (23 with grade Ⅱ, 15 with grade Ⅲ and 14 with grade Ⅳ ).After identifying the differential protein spots, electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrum and bioinformatics were employed to determine the protein ID. Results A total of 15 proteins with differential expressions were identified,which included 10 up-regulated ones (heat shock protein 27,prohibitin,78-kDa glucose-regulated protein,peroxiredoxin 1,peroxiredoxin 6,annexin Ⅱ,cathepsin D,plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, actin [cytoplasmic 1], Glutathione S-transferase M) and 5 down-regulated proteins (disulfide isomerase A3 protein,alpha-crystallin B chain protein,T-complex protein 1 ε subunit,ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein) in astrocytoma tissues of grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ. Conclusion Proteomic techniques can screen the malignant-grade associated proteins effectively,which provides rationale for individualized diagnosis and therapeutic targets of astrocytoma.

Objective To explore the effect of small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated cathepsin D (CD) knock-down on biological behavior of U87 cells. Methods CD-siRNA,scramble siRNA and control siRNA mediated by lipofectamin were introduced into the U87 cells,respectively.The silencing effect of CD was verified by RT-PCR and Western blotting in terms of CD mRNA and protein expressions. The cell viability of scramble and CD siRNA treated U87 cells was measured by MTT on 1-5 d after transfection. The invasive potential of scramble and CD siRNA treated U87 cells was measured by Transwell coated with Matrigel 48 h after transfection. Results Forty-eight h after transfection, mRNA and protein expressions of CD in CD siRNA treated U87 cells were remarkably reduced as compared with those in the scramble siRNA and control siRNA treated U87 cells (P＜0.05).The absorbance (A value) of CD siRNA treated U87 cells was significantly lower than that in the scramble siRNA treated U87 cells 2,3,4 and 5 d after transfection (P＜0.05); and the invasive potential of CD siRNA treated U87 cells was suppressed significantly as compared with that in the scramble siRNA treated U87 cells (P＜0.05). Conclusion CD has the potential to be a promising therapeutic target.

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical and histopathological manifestations, therapy and prognosis of lupus erythematosus panniculitis (LEP).

METHODWe retrospectively reviewed the clinical data and histopathological features of 22 cases of LEP diagnosed at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2008 to February 2010.

RESULTSThe lesions appeared as atrophy, erythema, subcutaneous nodules, infiltrated erythema, and ulceration over the scalp, face, upper limbs, and buttock. Histopathological features were lobular panniculitis in the subcutaneous fat; sometimes septal panniculitis could be seen. Hydroxychloroquine sulfate and corticosteroid were effective treatment; most patients responded well to the treatment, while a few experienced recurrence when the treatment tapped or discontinued.

CONCLUSIONSLEP is a rare cutaneous variant of lupus erythematosus. The diagnosis of LEP is mainly based on clinical findings and pathological features. Hydroxychloroquine and low- and middle-dose corticosteroid are effective for the treatment of LEP.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Panniculitis, Lupus Erythematosus ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

[Objective]To investigate the expression changes of miR-133b in methamphetamine(MA)-induced neuro-nal injury in PC12 cells and its regulative effects on cellular apoptosis.[Methods]PC12 cells were cultured and divided into control group and MA treated group.In MA treated group,PC12 cells were insulted with 800μmol/L MA in culture medium. The cellular injury of PC12 cells was observed under microscope. The cellular apoptosis was detected by Hoechst33342/PI double staining,and the expression level of miR-133b was examined by real-time quantitative PCR(RT-PCR). Further-more,miR-133b mimic and inhibitors were transfected into PC12 cells to analyze miR-133b's function in MA-induced cell apoptosis.[Results]The data showed that 800 μmol/L MA could induce obvious cellular injury,cause neurite shortened and increase the cell apoptosis. The RT-PCR data showed that the expression of miR-133b of PC12 cells treated with MA de-creased significantly.The apoptosis rate of PC12 cells decreased after transfection of miR-133b mimic,while increased after transfection of miR-133b inhibitors.[Conclusions]High concentration of MA causes neuron damage and induces neuronal apoptosis,and also decreases the levels of miR-133b expression. Whereas,overexpression of miR-133b can reduce the apoptosis of cultured PC12 cells.Thus,miR-133b plays a crucial role in MA mediated neurotoxicity.This study provides a theoretical basis for elucidating the mechanism of MA-induced neurotoxicity and may provide a new strategy for treating MA addiction.

OBJECTIVETo investigate whether hyperthermia can enhance the killing effect of 5- fluorocytosine (5- FC) on human colorectal carcinoma cell lines SW480 transfected with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) tissue- specific cytosine deaminase (CD) gene in vitro,and study its mechanism.

METHODSHuman colorectal carcinoma cell lines SW480 transfected with G1CEACDNa were cultured. The proliferated colonies were treated with the combined therapy of 5-FC and hyperthermia at a temperature of 43 degrees C for 30 min. After eight days, MTT was used to calculate the cellular survival rate,to analyze the killing effect of 5-FC combined with hyperthermia on SW480 cells transfected with CD gene. Flow cytometry was performed to analyze the cellular cycle and transmission electron microscope was used to observe the morphologic changes of SW480 cells after thermochemotherapy.

RESULTSHyperthermia combined with 5-FC had an enhanced killing effect on SW480-CEACD cells than 5-FC alone (P< 0.05, t =2.403, n=9). Flow cytometry revealed that the proportion of S stage cell increased in the group treated with hyperthermia and 5- FC (P< 0.001, t =7.158, n=6). Transmission electron microscope showed apoptosis after thermo- chemotherapy.

CONCLUSIONSHyperthermia can improve the anti- tumor effect of 5- FC on human colorectal carcinoma cell lines SW480 transfected with CD gene, and the cells were blocked at S stage of cellular cycle and apoptosis was induced following thermochemotherapy.

Cell Line, Tumor ; Cytosine Deaminase ; genetics ; Flucytosine ; pharmacology ; Genes, Transgenic, Suicide ; Genetic Therapy ; methods ; Hot Temperature ; Humans

OBJECTIVETo set up the drug lymphocyte stimulation test (DLST), as a diagnosis means for DILI which was immunity idiosyncrasy, improve the Diagnosis, level of DILI.

METHODFor the 59 patients who diagnosed as DILI, we separated their PBMC, exploring to the suspicious drug which caused DILI, then use the methods 3H-TdR to test, according to the mixed degree to clear the PBMC count which specific activated by drug.We also set up drug group, negative control and Positive control at the same time. Preliminary experiments was including the best dose of PHA and the best concentration of the drug. We set up 40 healthy group in our experiments as a control, and explore them on the same drug every time. We test the two groups at the same time. We handled the results use t-test.

RESULTSThe methods 3H-TdR could be exactly reflect the PBMC's proliferation degree nearly the same when they were be stimulation by PHA or the sensitive drug. When the DILI patients were explore to the suspicious drug, their stimulation index (SI) Obviously higher than 1.8. Form this test, there were 28 in 59 patients of DILI's group were positive (47.46%), SI was from 1.9 to 43.08, the average was 22.49, the healthy group SI was lower than 1.8, the SI of DILI's group was significantly higher than healthy group (5.78+/-0.75/1.16+/-0.25, P less than 0.05). Our test suggested DLST has Higher specificity (94.92%) and sensitivity (47.46%).

CONCLUSIONDLST was significance for the patients who diagnosed as immunity idiosyncrasy's DILI, it's reflected these patients' Proliferation of PBMC when explored to the suspicious drug for the second time.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo review the operative technique of trephine arthrodesis of subtalar joints and evaluate its clinical effect.

METHODSFrom June 1998 to October 2006, we performed subtalar arthrodesis on 38 feet of 34 patients for a variety of painful disorders of hindfoot with trephine technique. Clinical and radiologic follow-up evaluations were performed for 45 months on average (range, 21 to 110 months) after arthrodesis.

RESULTSNo severe complications were found in this study except one patient with dropfoot and two with skin necrosis. The average ankle-hindfoot scores of the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) was improved from 48.3 preoperatively to 79.2 postoperatively (P<0.05). The pain scores of visual analogue scales (VAS) decreased from 7.2 (range, 3 to 10) preoperatively to 2.6 (range, 1 to 6) postoperatively (P<0.05). Subjectively, the patients experienced improvements in pain, function, cosmesis, and shoewearing. Overall, 30 patients were satisfied and all patients would have this procedure again under similar circumstances. Postoperative radiology showed that complete union was found in 35 feet 6 months after operation, with the successful union rate of 92.1%. There was an increase in arthritic scores for 5 ankles, 4 talonavicular joints, 4 calcaneocuboid joints, and 4 midfoot joints. Nonunion occurred in 3 subtalar joints with anterolateral approach, which required revision arthrodesis.

CONCLUSIONIsolated subtalar arthrodesis with trephine method is an effective procedure for painful malalignment of hindfoot.

Adult ; Aged ; Arthrodesis ; adverse effects ; methods ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pain Measurement ; Subtalar Joint ; surgery