Objective To investigate the effect of L-type and T-type calcium channel blocker on detrusor autorhythmicity, contractility in order to elucidate the pathogenesis of detrusor instability (DI). Methods Animal models of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) were established in 33 female SD rats and another 10 served as normal control. Six weeks later, the changes of detrusor autorhythmicity and contractility were examined by means of cystometry and the in vitro detrusor strip study. Results The incidence rate of DI was 75.9%. The detrusor autorhythmicity and contractility increased evidently after BOO (P

The congenital stricture (idiopathic urethral stricture) mostly lies in the anterior urethra and mainly occurs in boys. Hemangioma is the most common symptom of the idiopathic urethral stricture. Acquired strictures are due to four main causes. latrogenic urethral stricture is mainly caused by performing the transurethral resection, prostate, cystoscopy, prolonged catheterization, hypospadias repair and prostatectomy and so on. Bacteriuria is especially nosocomial with post operative infection in urethral strictures. Virus such as condylomata is another cause. Lichen sclerosis is a chronic progressive inflammatory condition of unknown cause and has the development of urethral strictures. Blunt anterior urethral injury is commonly associated with perineal straddle injury, while posterior urethral injury is accompanied pelvic fracture, penetrating injuries predominantly comes from gunshots involve both anterior and posterior urethra. Urethral injuries in children and females are rare. Here, we mainly investigated the causes of idiopathic and acquired urethral stricture.

Objective To investigate the effects of traditional transmyocardial laser revascularization (T-TMLR) and non-transmural myocardial laser revascularization (N-TMLR) on myocardial ischemic and necrotic areas and angiogenesis. Methods In rabbit models, using Evans′ blue -TTC stain and HE stain technique for measuring ischemic and necrotic areas and observing angiogenesis. Results After T-TMLR and N-TMLR,compared with the control group, the ischemic areas significantly decreased and significant elevation of angiogenesis was observed. But no difference in necrotic areas was observed among the three groups. Conclusion N-TMLR can achieve the same effects with T-TMLR. Inducing angiogenesis via laser channels and decreasing ischemic area may be one of the predominant mechanisms of TMLR whereas laser channels themselves open or not has no relation to the effects of TMLR.

Objective To study the effect of pelvic floor electric stimulation on bladder function in goats. Methods 18 goats were randomized into the stimulating and the control group. Results In the stimulating group,the bladder capacity significantly increased by 24%,the voiding pressure significantly declined by 24% and the metabolic level of the detrusor cells is significantly lower. Conclusions Electric stimulation of the pelvic floor would inhibit bladder contraction and may be helpful in the management of instable bladder and stress incontinence.

Objective To study the quantitative changes of gap junction (GJ) in the detrusors of unstable bladder(USB) in rats,and to deduce the functional changes of GJ,which mediates intercellular communication,so as to demonstrate one of the mechanisms of USB. Methods Thirteen Wistar rats, which were identified to have USB by manometry of filling bladder after establishment of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) model, served as study,ie,USB group.Another 10 healthy female Wistar rats served as control group.The content and distribution of connexin (Cx) 43 of the detrusors, which were taken from these rats,were quantitatively analyzed by Western blot and laser confocal microscopy with a double-label immunohistochemical technique. Results Cx43 protein was expressed in both control and USB group, the relative molecular weight was 43000.The mean gray levels of the detrusor protein bands in USB group and control group were 31.066 and 11.701,respectively;the difference of the values between the 2 groups was significant (P

Objective To explore the relationship between the activation of glial cells and the change of excitatory amino acids (EAA) in the cornu dorsal medullae spinalis induced by pain due to chronic prostatitis. Methods The pain models of chronic prostatitis were induced by injecting complete Freund’s adjuvant and 3% carrageenan into the prostate of 40 rats. Another 20 rats served as normal control. Propentofylline was given with PE-10 in spinal cord of 20 rat models. The activation of astrocyte and microglia and Glu in the spinal cord was detected with immunohistochemistry and the change of excitatory amino acids was observed by amino acids analyzer. Results Activation of astrocyte and microglia was significantly increased in the models and significantly reduced in interfered groups. Glu was significantly expressed in cornu dorsal medullae spinalis, and Glu and aspartic acid (Asp) was significantly increased in the models and significantly reduced in interfered groups. Conclusion The activation of glial cells is an important reason for the change of excitatory amino acids in cornu dorsal medullae spinalis induced by pain due to chronic prostatitis of rats. Inhibitor of gliocyte activation will be a new way to treat the pain of chronic prostatitis.

Objective To investigate the hemostatic function of biological glue in renal trauma.Methods Establishment of rab-bit kidney scratch,partial nephrectomy and renal injury penetrating wound models were available with a biological glue and hemo-static powder processing,observed and recorded the amount of bleeding and bleeding time.Tissue sample were transected from the wound of kidneys in each group after a month,and the renal wound healing condition was observed by pathological examination.Re-sults The hemostatic function of biological glue was better than styptic powder,the amount of bleeding in biological glue group and hemostatic powder group of kidney scratched model were(1.39±0.09)mL,(1.77±0.44)mL,the difference was not statistically significant(P =0.115);the bleeding time were(5.02 ±0.23)s,(66.40± 7.35)s,the difference was statistically significant(P <0.01);the amount of bleeding in two models of partial nephrectomy and renal penetrating wound were(2.07±0.25)mL,(11.42± 1.33)mL;(2.01 ± 0.36)mL,(3.95 ± 0.39)mL and bleeding time were(6.16 ± 0.69)s,(139.38 ± 8.97)s;(7.68 ± 0.80)s, (144.26±9.27)s,the differences were statistically significant(P <0.01).Pathology results showed that the wounds healed well. Conclusion The hemostatic function of biological glue in renal trauma were remarkable and stable,and was worth to be further promoted.

Objective To develop a portable medical drop speed monitoring equipment which can conveniently control the drop speed in infusion.Methods Taking the monolithic integrated circuit of 89C51 as a core,such units were designed as the master control unit,keyboard input system,drop speed detection,drop speed control,digital display,acousto-optics alarm circuit and electromotor drive.All circuit module units were connected in monolithic integrated circuit.The gathering data were transferred to monolithic integrated circuit in the form of electrical signals.After the operation,analysis and processing,monolithic integrated circuit transferred the data to demonstration module,electrical machinery and acousto-optics alarm circuit through the outlet.Results Automatically controlling the drop speed according to the difference of drop speed,this equipment can reach the required drop speed in 5~10s and maintain this speed with an error of 12 drops per minutes.Conclusion Portable medical drop speed monitoring equipment achieves the goal of the task and meets the clinical requirement.This equipment is worthy of popularizing.

Objective:To investigate the relationship of hypertension with osteoporosis(OP)and bone mineral density(BMD) in elderly type 2 diabetic women.Methods: A total of 179 elderly type 2 diabetic women were categorized into hypertension group(n=124)and non-hypertension group(n=55).Lumbar and hip BMD were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.Prevalences of osteoporosis were compared between the two groups using Chi-square test,and BMD was compared using covariance analysis.The correlation between the osteoporosis and risk factors was analyzed using binary logistic regression method.Results: The prevalences of osteoporosis(total OP,lumber OP and hip OP) in non-hypertension group were higher than that of the hypertension group(Pt=0.037,Pl=0.042 and Ph=0.051,respectively).Lumbar and hip BMD in the hypertension group was higher than that in the non-hypertension group,and there were significant differences in L3 and L4 BMDs between the two groups(P3=0.040,P4=0.021);however,the difference disappeared after adjustment for body mass index(BMD).After adjustment for C peptide,the P value also increased,but not as obvious as after adjustment for BMI.Binary logistic regression analysis showed that OP was associated with age,BMI and osteocalcin,but not with hypertension.Conclusion: OP is associated with the age,BMI,and osteocalcin,but not with hypertension in elderly type 2 diabetic women.

Objective To investigate the effects of prostatitis on secretory alterations of urethral glands in rats.Methods Twenty adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into prostatitis group and control group.The prostatitis group(n=10) was injected with 0.1 ml Freund's complete adjuvant at each lateral lobe while the control group(n=10) with 0.1 ml 0.9% physiological saline.Two weeks later the rats were killed and the urethral glands were harvested for pathologic examination and immunohistochemical staining.Results ① There was a great quantity of lymphcells and mononuclear cells infiltrating the prostate gland in prostatitis group while there was no inflammatory cells in control group.② AB-PAS pathologic examination results in urethral glands showed that the grume area,diameter,optical density in control group were significantly less than those of the prostatitis group(P