Cerebral Infarction ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Intracranial Hemorrhages ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Male ; Vitamin K Deficiency ; complications ; drug therapy

The teaching status of Molecular Pharmacognosy in 28 institutions in China was investigated by questionnaire and the survey data was analyzed by SPSS. Research contents included course beginning years, majors, class hours, characteristics of the course, teaching ways, the theory and practice contents, evaluation modes, selection of teaching material, teaching achievements, teachers and so on for undergraduates and graduates. Research results showed that with 20 years' development, Molecular Pharmacognosy had been offered for both undergraduate and graduate students in at least 20 colleges and universities and Molecular Pharmacognosy education in China showed good development momentum. At the same time, to promote the development of Molecular Pharmacognosy further, investment for it should be increased and practical teaching condition should be improved.
China ; Humans ; Molecular Biology ; education ; manpower ; methods ; trends ; Pharmacognosy ; education ; manpower ; methods ; trends ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; genetics ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Teaching ; manpower ; methods ; trends

Objective To evaluate the performance of Cys C results among two detection system.Methods The particle-enhanced immunonephrometic assay was used in Dade Behring BNII. Immunoturbic assay was used in Hitachi 7170 to evaluate the JING' YUAN reagents.We compared the precison,linearity,interference,correlation,and calibrators agreement with Dade Behring BNII.Results The total CV of the samples that contain 0.6-5.0 mg/L was less than 10%.The Dade Behring and JING'YUAN method showed good linearity.Haemoglobin(10 g/L),Bilirubin(300 mg/L), Vitamin C(5 g/L)in the tested sample had no significant interference in the assay(interference 0.05) between JING' YUAN and Dade Behring reagents.Values were slightly lower than that from the Dade Behring BNII method,the mean bias was-0.16.The bias range was 1.1%-23% between JING'YUAN and Dade Behring for one sample.Conclusions The precision,linearity and interference test were suitable for routine Cys C measurement on automated biochemistry analyzer,but results has bias.

Objective To study the biological activities of Synechococcus sp.PCC7942 with trans-mutated hCu,Zn-SOD-gene.Methods Synechococcus sp.PCC7942 with trans-mutated hCu,Zn-SOD were administered orally for 20d to mice,then the activities of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),catalase(CAT),superoxide dismutase(SOD) and the content of malondialdehyde(MDA) were determined.Results The activities of GSHPx in serum and the activities of CAT in blood increased obviously;the activity of SOD in serum and liver increased markedly;the content of MDA in serum and liver decreased obviously.Conclusion Synechococcus sp.PCC7942 with trans-mutated hCu,Zn-SOD-gene had obvious antioxidant effect in vivo.

Aim To study inhibitory effect of 5-fluorouracil encapsulated by galactosylceramide liposomes (5-Fu-GCL)on 5-Fu-resistent HepG_2 cells and its mechanisms. Methods Inhibitory effect of 5-Fu-GCL on established model of 5-Fu-resistant HepG_2 cells was assessed with MTT assay in vitro. The concentration-time course of 5-Fu-GCL in intracellular fluid was detected with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Thymidylic acid synthase (TS) expression was observed with immunohistochemical method,and NO content was determined with chemical method. Results Obvious inhibitory effects of 5-Fu-GCL (75,150,300,600,1200?mol?L-1) on 5-Fu-resistant HepG_2 cells were observed with IC_ 50 of 158.6 ?mol?L-1,far lower than that of free 5-Fu (400.9 ?mol?L-1). 5-Fu-GCL (300 ?mol?L-1) inhibited 5-Fu-resistant HepG_2 cells in a time-dependent manner,and the inhibitory effect of 5-Fu-GCL was stronger than that of free 5-Fu during 12～48 h. Compared with free 5-Fu,5-Fu-GCL (300 ?mol?L-1) increased the content of intracellular fluid in 5-Fu-resistant HepG_2 cells. 5-Fu-GCL(62.5,300,1200 ?mol?L-1) not only inhibited the expression of TS,but also increased the production of NO in 5-Fu-resistant HepG_2 cells,and these effects of 5-Fu-GCL(300,1200 ?mol?L-1) were stronger than those of free 5-Fu. Conclusion 5-Fu-GCL has inhibitory effect on 5-Fu-resistant HepG_2 cells. The effect may be related to the increased concentration of 5-Fu-GCL in intracellular fluid,inhibited expression of TS and increased production of NO.

Pancreatic cancer is a kind of highly malignant tumor with a low survival rate and poor prognosis. The effectiveness of gemcitabine as a first-line chemotherapy drug is limited; however, it can activate dendritic cells and improve antigen presentation which increase the sensitivity of tumor cell to immunotherapy. Although immunotherapy has made some advancements in cancer treatment, the therapeutic benefit of programmed cell death receptor 1/programmed death receptor-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) blockade therapy remains relatively low. The chemokine C-X-C chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) contributes to an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment by recruiting immunosuppressive cells. The receptor C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), highly expressed in various tumors including pancreatic cancer, plays a crucial role in tumor development and progression. In this study, the anti-tumor immune response of human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (hPBMC) was enhanced using the combination of BsNb PX4 (anti-PD-L1&CXCR4 bispecific nanobody) and gemcitabine. In a co-culture system of gemcitabine-pretreated hPBMCs with tumor cells, the BsNb PX4 synergized gemcitabine to improve the cytotoxic activity of hPBMCs against tumor cells. Flow cytometry analysis confirmed increased ratio of CD8⁺ to CD4⁺ T cells in combination treatment. In NOD/SCID mice bearing pancreatic cancer, the combination treatment exhibited more infiltration of CD8⁺ T cells into tumor tissues, contributing to an effective anti-tumor response. This study presents potential new therapies for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Ethical approval was obtained for collection of hPBMC samples from the Local Ethics Committee of Shanghai Jiao Tong University. All animal experiments were approved by the Animal Ethic Committee of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (authorizing number: A2024246).

BACKGROUNDSeveral randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have compared endoscopic and symptomatic relapses in patients with erosive gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). We have summarized current evidence for rabeprazole 10 or 20 mg once daily for GERD maintenance treatment over 1 or 5 years.

METHODSMEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched, through August 2012, for eligible RCTs of adults with erosive GERD. The efficacies of rabeprazole 10 and 20 mg/d were compared.

RESULTSThe search identified 288 citations, and five RCTs containing 1480 patients were considered eligible. Heartburn relapse rates did not differ significantly between patients treated with rabeprazole 10 and 20 mg/d for 1 year (relative risk (RR) = 1.29; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.97-1.72), but differed in patients treated for 5 years (RR = 1.274; 95% CI: 1.005-1.615). Endoscopic relapse rates differed significantly between rabeprazole 10 and 20 mg/d for 1 year (RR = 1.92; 95% CI: 1.21-3.06), for 5 years (RR = 1.667; 95% CI: 1.073-2.589), and in combined 1- and 5-year maintenance trials (RR = 1.785; 95% CI: 1.298-2.456).

CONCLUSIONRabeprazole 20 mg/d was superior to rabeprazole 10 mg/d in preventing endoscopic relapse of erosive GERD, but that the two dosages were equivalent in symptomatic relief over 1 year.

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Proton Pump Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Rabeprazole ; therapeutic use ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Recurrence

The aim of this study was to understand the enterovirus types and biological features of pediatric cases of HFMD in Sanmenxia City during 2011, and compare the latter to a cohort of healthy children. Stool samples of 55 cases of HFMD and 60 healthy children were collected for the isolation and identification of enteroviruses using RNA extraction and real-time RT-PCR assays. EV71 and CA16 were identified by nucleotide sequencing using virus-specific VP1 primers; for the other enteroviruses, 012/011 and 008/013 primers were used for amplification and sequencing. The results were analysed by sequence alignment with known sequences, and the characteristics of the EV71 VP1 gene were also analyzed. The detection rates for enteroviruses in cases of HFMD and healthy children were 52.73% (29/55) and 18.33% (11/60), respectively. Among these, there were 22 cases of EV71, four cases of CA16 and three cases of other enteroviruses in the cases with HFMD. Eleven healthy children had intestinal viruses, of which nine were Coxsackie B virus strains (81.82%, 9/11). Gene sequencing of the 19 EV71 strains illustrated that they were all subgenotype C4a, but the evolutionary tree showed an obvious clustering between cases from Lingbao City and Lushi County. This study demonstrates that the EV71 subgenotype C4a and CA16 strains were the most common cause of HFMD in Sanmenxia City in 2011, and that Coxsackie B strains were prevalent in healthy children. This finding may indicate that there is a widespread source of recessive infection in the community.
Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Cities ; epidemiology ; Enterovirus A, Human ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Female ; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease ; epidemiology ; virology ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Phylogeny ; Viral Proteins ; genetics

Objective To separate and amplify Hantaan virus(HV)in serum of hemorrhagic fever patients with renal syndrome(HFRS)in Heilongjiang,and look for its difference from intemational standard type strain(76-118strains).Methods HVs of different phase in the 8erum of 50 HFRS patients were separated and amplified by RTnested-PCR,its products were analyzed the amplified by sequencing.Results Detectable rate of HV in the patients serum was 36.36%(8/22)in 7 days after onset,it Was 13.04%(3/23)in patients having an onset 8 days to 14 days earlier,5 cases were not detectable 15 days after onset.Comparing the sequence of HV S gene fragment,sample 1,9,18,31,37,38,44 strain had a homology of 90.24%,86.72%,89.97%,89.16%,86.45%,87.26%and 89.43%to 76-118 strains,respectively.Conclusions The positive rate is the highset in 7 days after onset.Nucleotide sequence difference exists between pathogenic strain of Heilongjiang's HV and international standard strain,indicating that not only hosts but also locations can affect HV.

Objective To compare the coherence of serum creatinine,creatinine clearance(Ccr), Cystatin C,and estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)in each stage of chronic kidney disease(CKD) patients.Methods Creatinine in serum and urine were determined by Jaffe method;serum Cystatin C was measured by particle enhanced turbidimetric method,while eGFR was calculated using the abbreviated Modification of Diet in Renal Disease(MDRD)equation which was mainly based on the serum creatinine concentration.According to the American national kidney foundation-Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative(NKF-K/DOQI)guideline,all cases were grouped by eGFR into 5 stages.Results In these 228 cases,as eGFR decreased gradually,the average levels of creatinine and Cystatin C increased,while Ccr decreased.The level of each items showed a statistic difference among each stage(P0.05);in eGFR 60-89 ml/min group,the average level of creatinine was 83.3 ?mol/L,the abnormal rate was only 6.8%,it was not a sensitive marker to detect the slightly damaged GFR,the levels of Ccr and Cystatin C showed a marginal decrease and increase,with an abnormal rates of 70% and 86%,there was a statistic difference among the three abnormal rates(P