Objective To explore the effectiveness of short-term integrated intervention to reduce discrimination against people living with HIV/AIDS(PLWHA)among medical students.Methods A quasi-experimental survey was conducted.Two medical schools in Beijing,one as intervention group and the other as control group were selected by convenience sampling,from which 123 undergraduate students or interns of medical and nursing specialties were recruited,62 in the intervention group and 61 in the control group.The intervention group was provided with 13 hour long antidiscrimination intervention by increasing HIV/AIDS related knowledge,sympathy and skill in dealing with people living with HIV/AIDS,while the control group was deprived of any intervention.The attitude of the students in the 2 groups were assessed by questionnaire survey in 5 time points after the intervention.Results Compared with the control group,at 4 time points after the intervention students in the intervention group had less discrimination against PLWHA in general;and significantly less discrimination in dealing with them as patients(P

Based on the organization and implementation of the comprehensive reform of countylevel public hospitals in 15 provinces (municipalities)in southern China,the research discussed the progress and problems of such reforr.The progress made and areas of the reform vary among provinces and municipalities.For example,the reform has completely covered all the counties in four provinces such as Zhejiang and Jiangsu province.Medicine markups have been canceled in all the pilot counties by adjusting the service prices to pave the way for hospital compensation.Contemporary hospital management,remuneration system and personnel system reform are also main targets of the reform,while the collaboration between superiors and subordinates,and hospital regulatory system have recently been included.Problems are also found with the current reform:for example,lack of attention for the system reform,no fundamental changes in place in the business orientation of hospitals,as well as problems in collaboration among departments,and hospital debts.

Adult ; Aspergillosis ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Diagnostic Errors ; Humans ; Lung Diseases, Fungal ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Male ; Silicosis ; diagnosis ; microbiology ; Silicotuberculosis ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; diagnosis ; etiology

Objective To observe the effect of intravenous injection of different doses of propofol on the ceil apoptosis and NF-kB p65 in the acute lung injury(ALl)induced by LPS in rats.Method Sixty SD rats were randomly(random number)divided into five groups,namely,control(NS)group,Au model group and propofol intervention groups(P1,P2,P3 groups).The lung injury was evaluated by using microscopy with hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining and arterial blood gas,and Western blotting Was applied to evaluating the nuclear translocation of NF-KB P65 in lung tissues.The apoptosis rate of lung tissue Was determined by flow cytometric analysis.Results Lung injury in model group reached the pathologic criteria of acute lung injury,and it was attenuated apparently in propofol intervention groups(P1,P2,P3 groups)in dose-dependent manner.Western blotting results showed that the nuclear translocation of NF-KB P65 and the apoptosis rate increased significantly in ALI model group compared with control group(P<0.05),and decreased in propofol intervention groups compared with ALl model group(P<0.05).Conclusions Propofol Can attenuate acute lung injury induced by LPS in rats,and significantly inhibit the nuclear translocation of NF-KB P65 and the cell apoptosis in lung tissues.The effect of propofol attenuating acute lung injury induced by LPS in rats may be attributed to the inhibition of nuclear translocation of NF-KB P65and ceil apoptosis in lung tissues.

Multi-target drugs can simultaneously adjust multiple links of the disease network. Despite the higher efficacy and lower toxicity caused by single targets, multi-target drugs become ideal drugs for treating complicated diseases as well the main direction of drug R & D. By virtue of their structural diversity, higher multi-target activity and lower toxicity, natural products become an important source for developing multi-target drugs. Computer-aided drug design (CADD) is a commonly used multi-target drug R&D method, which mainly includes virtual screening and pharmacophore design. In this paper, the authors made a systematical analysis and discussed the prospects and advantages of various methods for multi-target drug R&D with natural products.
Biological Products ; chemical synthesis ; pharmacology ; Biomedical Research ; instrumentation ; Computer-Aided Design ; Drug Design ; Humans ; Molecular Targeted Therapy

Objective To investigate the effects of propofol on activation of NF-κB in polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) in rats with LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Methods Sixty healthy SD rats of both sexes, aged 3 months, weighing 250-350 g, were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 12 each):control group (group C), ALI group and 3 different dose of propofol groups (group P1, P2, P3). The animals were anesthetized with intraperitaneal 3% pentobarbital sodium 40 mg/kg. LPS 5 mg/kg was injected via femoral vein in group ALI.Propofol 5, 10 and 15 mg· kg- 1· h- 1 was infused intravenously over 2 h immeliately after injection of LPS 5 ng/kg through femoral vein in group P1, P2 and P3 respectivey. In group C normal saline 10 ml was injected via femoral vein instead. All rats were killed by exsanguination at the end of infusion of propofol. The right lung was removed for microscopic examination. The morphologic changes were scored 0-3 (0 = normal, 3 = severe morphologic changes). Blood samples were collected from carotid artery for determination of the expression of total NF-κB and activated NF-κB in PMNs by Western blot. Results Compared with group C, morphologic change scores and activated NF-κB expression in PMNs were significantly increased in group ALI, P1 and P2, and morphologic change scores increased in group P3. Morphologic change scores in group P1 and P2 and activated NF-κB expression in PMNs in group P1, P2 and P3 were significantly decreased compared with those in group ALl. Morphologic change scores and activated NF-κB expression in PMNs were decreased gradually in group P1, P2 and P3 . There was no significant difference in total NF-κB expression in PMNs among all groups. Conclusion Propofol can attenuate ALI induced by LPS through inhibition of the activation of NF-κB in PMNs in rats.

Ear Diseases ; congenital ; Ear, Middle ; abnormalities ; Humans

Objective To explore an optimal treatment and to study the prognosis related factors of breast cancer patients with local recurrence after mastectomy. Methods From 2002. 7 to 2005. 2, 477female patients with loco-regional recurrence of breast cancer treated in Tianjin Cancer Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. Results In 477 cases, recurrence within 1 year after mastectomy accounted for 26. 2% , recurrence within 2 years accounted for 61. 2%. There were 310 cases with metastasis after local recurrence was diagnosed, accounting for 65.0%. 5-year total survival rate after recurrence is 48.4%.Local control rates varied in subgroups with different recurrence site, clinical subtypes, radiotherapy fields,with or without radiotherapy, surgical resection or excisional biopsy ( P<0. 05 ). There was a statistical difference in distant metastasis rate and 5-year survival rate among subgroups which had different clinical stage of primary tumor, disease-free interval, clinical subtypes or treatment methods ( P<0. 05 ). Simplistic treatment option, late clinical stage of primary tumor and triple-negative breast cancer were the independent factors predicting poor prognosis for recurrent breast cancer ( P<0.05 ). Conclusions Multi-site recurrence and triple-negative breast cancer lead to a poor local control. Local expansion of radiotherapy combined with surgery improves the local control rate. Patients with late clinical stage of primary tumor,recurrence within 2 years, triple-negative breast cancer are likely to have distant metastasis when recurrence is diagnosed. Combined treatment program improves survival rate.

ObjectiveTo explore the prevalence state of children in coal-burning borne endemic fluorosis in Fuyuan county Qujing city,to know the implementation of preventing measures,and to provide a scientific basis for prevention of endemic fluorosis.MethodsIn 2009,105 families were sampled to check the service condition of defluoridation stove and the effect of health education (the awareness of use defluoridation stove reasons) in Xiaoyuwang,Tuoga and Shaliang villages,Fucun town of Fuyuan county.Food fluorine of indoor stored peppers and corns was monitored of 20 families in Xiaoyuwang village,5 household were randomly selected from east,west,south,north and middle places of the village.Air fluorine was monitored from indoor air samples of 5families,dental and urinary fluorine was monitored of the native-born children aged 8 to 12,and dental fluorosis of these children was checked.Clinical endemic fluorosis and X-ray endemic fluorosis was monitored of local adult residents over the age of 30 that had been lived in the area for more than 5 years.ResultsThe rate of correct use of the defluoridation stove was 100％,and adult awareness rate of use defluoridation stove reasons was 82.86％(87/105).Of the 19 pepper samples,fluorine content were 9.98 - 538.40 mg/kg and median was 32.38 mg/kg,all exceeded the standard(1.5 mg/kg).Of the 25 corn samples,fluorine content were 0.42 - 101.54 mg/kg and median was 6.32 mg/kg,with 18 samples exceeded the standard(1.0 mg/kg).Of the 6 air samples,fluorine content were 0.000 98 - 0.003 33 mg/kg and median was 0.001 45 mg/kg.Detection rate of dental fluorosis of children aged 8 - 12 was 42.3％,urinary fluorine content were 0.13 - 1.80 mg/L,geometric mean was 0.58 mg/L,4 adults were diagnosed clinical skeletal fluorosis,detection rate was 2.46％(4/162),5 adults were found by X-ray with endemic fluorosis,detection rate was 9.61％(5/52).ConclusionPeppers and cons fluorine pollution is serious,general public should be guided to change their lifestyles to minimize the fluorine pollution.