To evaluate the automated segmentation algorithm for detection of intra - retinal layers to process images obtained from ultra- high resolution optical coherence tomography ( OCT ) . Graph theory and the shortest path search based on dynamic programming were applied to automatically segment the 8 intra - retinal layers. We experimentally verified the accuracy and reliability of the algorithm. The results showed that the intra-retinal layer boundaries between automated and manual segmentations matched well. The algorithm successfully segmented the intra- retinal layers in glaucoma, high myopia, and retinitis pigmentosa patients. The proposed automatic segmentation for intra-retinal layers provides a promising tool for quantitative analysis in clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To establish animal models with anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve and evaluate the safety of anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve at molecular level.Methods Location of the ulnar nerve of elbow in 5 rats were found similar to human being by anatomy.Twenty healthy adult SD rats,weighting about 250 g,were performed the anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve in the right forelimbs and the left forelimbs was considered as control group.The bilateral flexor carpi ulnaris muscles were weighed and the slice of cervical spinal cord(C_6-T_1)level were prepared 1 month after the operation.Nissl staining,NADPH-d histochemical staining,IB4 staining and ChAT-immunohistochemical staining were employed to observe the spinal cord(C_6-T_1)level at molecular level;electron microscope was used to observe the ultrastructure of ChAT-positive neurons.Statistical analysis was paired T test.Results The flexor carpi ulnaris muscles in the model group(92.3±9.13mg)and control group(93.2±7.29 mg)were not significantly different(P>0.05).After anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve in rats,no significant differences in cell number and morphology in the cervical spinal cord(C_6-T_1)were found between the model group and the control group(P>0.05).No changes between the 2 groups were noted in the fine structure of anterior horn motor neurons and the expression of nenrotransmitters(P>0.05).Conclusion Anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve can be safely done in the animal models(rats).

The silent information regulator protein 2 (Sir2) and its homologues play an important role in the regulation of cellular physiological processes such as survival, apoptosis, and aging. SIRT1, the mammalian Sir 2 homologue, has been shown to deacetylate a wide range of non-histone substrates and histone substrates. It has been constantly reported that SIRT1 may be associated with the occurrence of metabolic syndrome, genomic homeostasis, tumors, and neurodegenerative diseases. Calorie restriction may mitigate many major diseases in rodent models by SIRT1-mediated deacetylase activity and prolong the life expectancies in these animals. Therefore, SIRT1 may be emphasized as a new therapy target for many different diseases.
Animals ; Caloric Restriction ; Humans ; Longevity ; Sirtuin 1 ; genetics ; physiology ; Substrate Specificity

OBJECTIVETo define the clinicopathological features of primary cardiac large B-cell lymphoma.

METHODA case of primary cardiac large B-cell lymphoma was studied with conventional histopathological and immunohistochemical staining in combination with literature review.

RESULTSThe lesion appeared to originate in the right atrium and involved the venae cavae and the left atrium. Microscopic examination showed diffuse proliferation of large atypical lymphocytes with abundant cytoplasm, vestiealer nuelei, thick nuclear membrane and conspicuous nucleoli. Giant tumor cells scattered in the lesion. The neoplastic cells were positive for CD20 and CD79a.

CONCLUSIONPrimary cardiac lymphoma is extremely rare, and its pathogenesis remains unclear. With non-specific clinical manifestations, the majority of primary cardiac lymphomas are of B-cell lineage and a bad prognosis.

Aged ; Antigens, CD20 ; analysis ; CD79 Antigens ; analysis ; Female ; Heart Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; metabolism ; pathology

Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Female ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; cytology ; Hepatocytes ; cytology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C

This study is to evaluate the therapeutic effect of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) on NAFLD in MSG-IR mice and to provide mechanism insights into its therapeutic effect. The MSG-IR mice with insulin resistance were treated with high dose (0.1 micromol.kg-1d-1) and low dose (0.025 micromol.kg-1d-1) of FGF21 once a day for 5 weeks. Body weight was measured weekly. At the end of the experiment, serum lipids, insulin and aminotransferases were measured. Hepatic steatosis was observed. The expression of key genes regulating energy metabolism were detected by real-time PCR. The results showed that after 5 weeks treatment, both doses of FGF21 reduced body weight (P<0.01), corrected dyslipidemia (P<0.01), reversed steatosis and restored the liver morphology in the MSG model mice and significantly ameliorated insulin resistance. Additionally, real-time PCR showed that FGF21 significantly reduced transcription levels of fat synthetic genes, decreased fat synthesis and promoted lipolysis and energy metabolism by up-regulating key genes of lipolysis, thereby liver fat accumulation was reduced and liver function was restored to normal levels. In conclusion, FGF21 significantly reduces body weight of the MSG-IR mice, ameliorates insulin resistance, reverses hepatic steatosis. These findings provide a theoretical support for clinical application of FGF21 as a novel therapeutics for treatment of NAFLD.
Animals ; Body Weight ; drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Dyslipidemias ; metabolism ; Energy Metabolism ; drug effects ; Fatty Liver ; chemically induced ; complications ; Female ; Fibroblast Growth Factors ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Insulin Resistance ; Lipolysis ; drug effects ; Liver ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ; drug therapy ; Sodium Glutamate

OBJECTIVETo study the distribution of cervical lymph nodes metastasis and explore the surgical treating modality of cervical lymph nodes in the patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

METHODSThe clinic and pathological data of 104 patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma who had undergone neck lymph nodes dissection from January 2003 to June 2007 were analyzed retrospectively. There were 29 male and 75 female patients. The age of the patients was 12 to 79 years old with a median of 39 years old. Patients were divided into clinic cervical lymph nodes metastasis (cN+) group and clinic no cervical lymph nodes metastasis (cN0) group according the condition of physical examination and image analysis preoperatively and compared respectively with pathological data postoperatively.

RESULTSIn the cN+ group 91.3% (63/69) patients were pN+ while in the cN0 group 52.1% (25/48) patients were pN+. The distribution of metastasized lymph nodes: level VI 64.1%, level II 31.6%, level III 44.4%, level IV 40.2%, level V 12.0%, level I 3.2%. In the cN+ group 86.7% (54/63) patients with lymph nodes metastasis had multi-levels lymph nodes metastasis while in the cN0 group 64.0% (16/25) patients had single-level lymph nodes metastasis.

CONCLUSIONSCervical lymph nodes metastasis in the patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma mainly localize in level II, level III, level IV, level VI, especially level VI. Patients with lymph nodes metastasis had multi-levels lymph nodes metastasis in the cN+ group but single-level in the cN0 group. The surgical treating modality of cervical lymph nodes should also be different in the two group patients.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neck Dissection ; methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the cause of disease, treatment and therapeutic effect in patients with rhegmatogenous retina detachment (RRD) combined with non-secondary glaucoma. METHODS: Clinical data of 28 patients with RRD combined with primary or congenital glaucoma were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: Twenty-five out of the 28 patients succeeded with one operation (89.3%). The intraocular pressure of post-operation:on the 1st day was 10 approximately 46 (28.1+/-6.5) mmHg, on the 7th day was (18.9+/-7.2) mmHg, and on the last re-examination day was (17.6+/-6.2) mmHg. Anti-glaucoma operation was performed in 10 patients after the retinal operation. Chroidal hemorrhage was found in 2 patients and 2 chroidal exudations were found after the retinal operation. CONCLUSION The proportion of primary open angle glaucoma is higher than that of primary angle closure glaucoma, and trauma or surgery before the retinal operation is an important cause in glaucoma patients with RRD. There is no obvious difference in the ratio of surgical success between non-secondary glaucoma with RRD and those RRD patients without glaucoma. Vitreotomy+ silicon oil injection or drainage of subretinal fluid+air injection+cryocoagulation+explants is recommended. Chroid is easily involved. It is important to control the intraocular pressure during and after the surgery. The final visual acuity is rather poor, which may be related to the glaucoma and intraocular pressure.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Female ; Glaucoma ; complications ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retinal Detachment ; complications ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical application value of 8.5/11.5 F transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of refractory hematospermia.

METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed 78 cases of refractory hematospermia diagnosed and treated by 8.5/11.5 F transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy from June 2012 to June 2014. The patients underwent serum PSA examination, transrectal ultrasonography, seminal vesicle ultrasonography, and pelvis CT or MRI before surgery, and all received transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy under the 8.5/11.5 F rigid ureteroscope.

RESULTSOperations were all successfully accomplished, which revealed abnormal opening of the ejaculatory duct in 5 cases, mucosal inflammatory hyperemia in the prostatic utricle and seminal vesicle in 78, dark red mucilage substance in the seminal vesicle in 34, seminal vesicle stones in 19, small polyp in the seminal vesicle in 2, and ejaculatory duct or seminal vesicle cyst in 4. All the patients received symptomatic treatment during the surgery. After surgery, hematouria was found in 13 cases, which disappeared within 2 weeks, pelvic hematoma in 1 case, which was cured by conservative treatment within 3 months, and epididymitis in 2 cases, which was controlled by anti-infection treatment. Hematospermia recurred in 3 cases during the 1-year postoperative follow-up.

CONCLUSION8.5/11.5 F transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy, with its advantages of easy operation, wide field of vision, large channel for operation, and few complications, deserves general clinical application in the diagnosis and treatment of refractory hematospermia.

Calculi ; Ejaculatory Ducts ; Endoscopy ; methods ; Epididymitis ; etiology ; Hemospermia ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Postoperative Period ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Seminal Vesicles ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Urethra

To explore the effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on the mechanisms of CML pathogenesis, the effect of VEGF on K562 cell apoptosis induced by As(2)O(3) was analyzed through morphologic observation, DNA fragmentation agarose gel electrophoresis and DNA ploidy flow cytometry analysis, and the effect of VEGF on the expression of bcl-X(L), Bax and caspase-3 in K562 cells was determined by Western blot, meanwhile the expression difference between bcl-X(L) and Bax mRNA in above conditions was detected by RT-PCR. The results showed that after VEGF added, the apoptosis of K562 cells reduced, however, there was no significant changes in cell cycle distribution (P > 0.05). At the same time, following the increasing of the concentration of VEGF, expression of mRNA and protein of bcl-X(L) was up-regulated and the expression of Bax protein was down-regulated in K562 cells, and the activation of pro-caspase-3 into caspase-3 was inhibited or reduced. It is concluded that VEGF may suppress the apoptosis of K562 cells through its influence on the bcl-X(L)/Bax expression ratio in K562 cells.
Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Arsenicals ; pharmacology ; Blotting, Western ; Chlorides ; pharmacology ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; pharmacology ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; bcl-X Protein ; biosynthesis ; genetics