Objective To develop an early diagnosis strategy for radiation-associated breast angiosarcoma after breast cancer radiotherapy (RABASBCR) and to avoid the misdiagnosis of this disease.Methods A systematic search of PubMed for published reports of RABASBCR cases was performed.The clinical manifestations and radiological features in the early stage of disease,as well as biopsies,were analyzed to screen out valuable markers for early diagnosis and develop the early diagnosis strategy for RABASBCR.Results Fifty-five original articles involving 80 RABASBCR patients were selected for this analysis.Twenty-four (30％) of the 80 patients were misdiagnosed;the median time of misdiagnosis was 3 months (1-24 months).The earliest symptom was skin changes in 76 (95％) of the 80 patients.The misdiagnosis rates of ultrasound,mammography,computed tomography,and magnetic resonance imaging for RABASBCR were 9/9,31/32,2/2,and 1/5,respectively.The misdiagnosis rates of fine needle biopsy,core needle biopsy,and incisional biopsy were 7/14,12/25,and 10/26,respectively.Conclusions By analyzing published case reports,we have set up the early diagnosis strategy for RABASBCR with reference to the Cahan criteria.

Objective To explore the changes of cardiac structure and function in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM)rats so as to detect the level of angiotensinⅡ (AngⅡ)in blood and the myocardium and illuminate the role of AngⅡ in DCM.Methods We randomly divided 30 SD rats into control group and DCM group (which received a single injection of streptozotocin,65 mg/kg).The changes of cardiac structure and function were observed by ultrasonic cardiogram at the end of 16 weeks after injection.Then the changes in the myocardium were also analyzed by using hemotoxylin and eosin staining and Sirius red staining.The level of AngⅡ in blood was tested by radioimmunoassay.The expression of AngⅡ in the myocardium was detected by immunofluorescence. Results Compared with those of the controls,the hearts were dilated in DCM rats accompanied with cardiac dysfunction.There were significant increases in LVEDd,LVESd,LVEDv,and LVESv but decrease in LVEF (P <0.05).There were arrangement disorder and hypertrophic cardiomyocytes in DCM.Then the fibrosis area of DCM was significantly increased compared with that of the controls.The level of AngⅡ in blood and myocardium was significantly higher in DCM than in controls.At the same time,Pearson analysis revealed that the level of AngⅡ in blood was positively related to the collagen content of myocardium (r =0.907,P <0.05).Conclusion Our study provides experimental evidence that AngⅡ plays an important role in myocardial fibrosis of DCM.

[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To observe the effect of high glucose on the protein expression of calreticulin ( CRT) and its association with cell apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction in the cardiomyocytes.METHODS: AC-16 cardiomyocytes were randomly divided into normal glucose group, high glucose group, high glucose+CRT siRNA group and isotonic con-trol group.The cell apoptotic rate, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential level, respiratory enzyme activity, and protein expression of CRT were observed.RESULTS: Compared with the cardiomyocytes in normal glucose group, the apoptotic rate and ROS production of cardiomyocytes increased in high glucose group, accompanying with the decreases in the mitochondrial membrane potential level and enzyme activitiy of the respiratory chain.The protein expression of CRT was significantly increased in high glucose group.However, compared with high glucose group, high glucose+CRT siRNA decreased the expression of CRT and attenuated the damage of mitochondria, but CRT siRNA did not reduce the ROS level in cardiomyocytes.CONCLUSION:High glucose brings about CRT over-expression to induce mito-chondrial injury, thus increasing myocardial apoptosis.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between liver cell type A receptor (EphA) expression and androgen receptor (AR) signaling in androgen-dependent prostate cancer cells. Methods RT-PCR and Western blot assay were used to determine mRNA and protein levels of EphA3 and AR in prostate cancer LNCaP and 22Rv1 cells, respectively. The variations of EphA3, AR and prostate specific antigen (PSA) expressions were also measured in these cells after dihydrotes?tosterone (DHT) treatment for 48 h. The constructed EphA3-Luc (-789-+146) luciferase reporter plasmid was co-transfect?ed with pcDNA3.1(+)-AR or siAR in 22Rv1 cells to analyze the effects of different AR expression levels on EphA3 tran?scription activity. Results The expression pattern of EphA3 was similar to AR, showing a lower level in prostate stromal cell line WPMY-1 and a higher level in prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP and 22Rv1. When stimulated with 10 nmol/L DHT, the expression levels of AR, PSA and EphA3 were significantly increased in 22Rv1 cells, and the protein levels of these genes were also increased in LNCaP cells. Moreover, AR expression levels markedly influenced the activity of EphA 3 pro?moter. Conclusion AR up-regulates EphA3 expression by increasing the activity of EphA3 promoter.

Objective To investigate the physicochemica l properties and immunobiological activity of a polysaccharide (RAP-B-1) from stems of Rubus amabilis. Methods The crude polysaccharide (RAP) was obtained successively by boiling, ethanol precipitating and dialyzing. RAP was isolated with DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-100 to obtain a polysaccharide RAP-B-1. The physicochemical properties of RAP-B-1 were studied by hydrolysis, periodate oxidation, Smith degradation and methylation, CE, IR, NMR and GC-MS. The immunobiological activities were estimated by the proliferative activity of spleen lymphocytes and phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages in mice. Results The molecular weight of RAP-B-1 was 4.80×104 with specific optical rotation value [α] 20D+68.3 (c=1,H2O), and was composed of eight monosaccharides. The molar ratios were as Xyl: Ara: Glc: Rha:Gal: Man: GlcA: GalA = 1.0:6.9:0.8:1.1:6.9:0.3:0.5:3.3. RAP-B-1 was an arabinogalactan. The linkages of arabinose were →1) Ara (2,3→,→1) Ara(5→and→1) Ara, and the linkages of galactose were→1) Gal(4→,→1) Gal(6→and→1) Gal. RAP-B-1 could improve the proliferative activity of spleen T cells(P<0.05) and booste phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages at 50μg/ml concentration(P<0.01). Conclusion RAP-B-1 is an arabinogalactan and has immunobiological activity.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics and outcome in myathenia gravisac companied with thymoma or thymic hy-perplasia.Methods From January,2007 to December,2016,118 myathenia gravis patients with thymoma,and 42 myathenia gravis patients with thymic hyperplasia were enrolled.Their age of onset,gender,initial symptom,osserman classification,muscles involved,myasthenia crisis,low-frequency repetitive nerve stimulation and complete stable remission rate data were retrospectively analyzed.Results Compared with myathenia gravis patients with thymic hyperplasia,myathenia gravis patients with thymoma showed older age in onset,higher propor-tion in type III and lower rate in complete stable remission rate(P<0.05),and more respiratory muscle involved(χ2=6.364,P=0.011)and myasthenia crisis(χ2=5.455,P=0.022).There were significant differences in respiratory muscle involved(χ2=8.532,P=0.036)and the inci-dence rate of myasthenia crisis(χ2=8.956,P=0.030)among thymoma with different pathological types,in which type B3 was the highest, and type A+AB was the lowest.The low-frequency repetitive nerve stimulation positive rate was higher in myathenia gravis patients with thymoma than with thymic hyperplasia,however,there was no significant difference(χ2<1.357,P>0.05).There was a rising trend with path-ological classification altered in the low-frequency repetitive nerve stimulation positive rate with no significant difference (χ2<6.623, P>0.05).Conclusion Myathenia gravis patients with thymoma were common in middle-aged to old people,who were serious in clinical symp-tom,particularly respiratory muscle involved and myasthenia crisis.Myathenia gravis patients with thymic hyperplasia were more benefit from thymectomy.The low-frequency repetitive nerve stimulation positive rate of myathenia gravis patients does not correlate with thymic lesion type.Respiratory muscle involved and myasthenia crisis are relevant with pathological types of thymoma.

BACKGROUND: As the preliminary experiment for gene therapy in intervertebral disc degeneration, this study aims to construct a recombinant plasmid containing fluorescent pAAV-hSOX9-IRES-tdTomato for adeno-associated virus packaging, in a broader attempt to lay the foundation for late experiments in vitro and in vivo.OBJECTIVE: To construct human SOX9 gene overexpressing adeno-associated virus, pAAV-hSOX9-IRES-tdTomato, packaging. METHODS: The plasmid pAAV-IRES-tdTomato and plasmid pUC57-hSOX9 were connected into pAAV-hSOX9-IRES-tdTomato by enzyme digestion method. The adeno-associated virus was packaged with plasmid co-transfections method. The recombinant pAAV-hSOX9-IRES-tdTomato was transfected into 293AAV cell by calcium phosphate transfection. The purification and drop of adeno-associated virus was tested by determination of biological titer. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The results of BLAST sequence comparison analysis showed that, pAAV-hSOX9-IRES-tdTomato exactly matched the synthetic gene sequence hSOX9. The titer is 1×107 TU/mL. Human gene SOX9 recombinant adenoviruses, pAAV-hSOX9-IRES-tdTomato, have been constructed successfully.

Objective To understand the elonal expansion and genetic diversity of Salmonella en-terica semtype Paratyphi A (SPA) and to construct a typing method to determine the epidemic clones of the isolates. Methods Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed with 3980 SPA isolates by the cen-trolled Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique on Muller-Hinton agar plates. A total of 15 SPA with nalidixie acid resistance for mutations in gyrA, gyrB, gyrC and gyrE genes within the quinolone-resistant determina-tion region (QRDR) were examined. Subtyping of 121 isolates of SPA from seven counties in Yuxi were studied using pulsed-field gel eleetrophoresis (PFGE) analysis following digestion of chromosomal DNA with restriction endanucleases Spe Ⅰ and Xba Ⅰ. PFGE patterns were analyzed by duster analysis. Results The nalidixic acid-susceptible isolates predominated in 1999 but was replaced by nalidixic acid -resistant (NAR) isolates after 2000. Amplification by PCR and sequencing of the genes with subsets of 15 NAR strains re-vealed that the resistance mechanisms had resulted from single point mutations in the gyrA gene. Spe Ⅰ and Xba Ⅰ digestion of 121 isolates gave five and four different PFGE patterns with the predominance of the Spe Ⅰ 01 and Spe Ⅰ 02 (or the Xba Ⅰ 01) epidemic patterns, respectively. Spe Ⅰ 01 and Spe Ⅰ 02 consisted of 37.2% and 57.9% of isolates, respectively, or Xba Ⅰ 01 consisted of 95.0% of isolates. Conclusion The incidence of resistance to nalidixic acid of the isolates increased during the study period. PFGE patterns Spe Ⅰ 01 and Spe Ⅰ 02 (or Xba Ⅰ 01), the main clones of the epidemics, are highly prevalent in Yuxi. PFGE with Spe Ⅰ and Xba Ⅰ is a useful technique to differentiate SPA.

Objective To investigate the significance of interleukin-6 IL-6),interleukin-8 (IL-8) and metal matrix protease-9 (MMP-9) in lung injury caused by intrauterine infection in ueonatal rats.Method Eighteen 18-day-old SD pregnant rats were selected and randomly assigned into 0.6,0.7,0.8,0.9,1.0 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) groups and control group.Rats of LPS group were injected intraperitoneally with LPS 0.6.0.7,0.8,0.9,1.0 mg/kg,those of control group was injected with equal volume of sterile saline.After 24 hours of injection,one pregnant rat from each group underwent cesarean seetion and placentae were collected for pathological evaluation.The other pregnant rats delivered spontaneously.When the neonatal rats came to 1,3,and 7 days of age,8 rats were randomly selected from each group.The respiratory frequency,body weight,lung weight,and blood samples for detecting inflammatory factors using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were measured among 3-day-old neonatal rats.Lung tissue for hematoxylin-eosin staining and lung pathology score were taken in the 1,3 and 7-day-old neonatal rats.Result (1) The mortality rate of neonatal rats increased gradually with the increasing dose of LPS injection.The mortality rate of neonatal rats in the LPS 1.0 mg/kg group was 20％.The placental pathology score and the frequency of 3-day-old neonatal rats in LPS 0.8,0.9,and 1.0 mg/kg groups were higher than control group and other LPS groups (P ＜ 0.05).(2) The histopathological scores of the neonatal rats in the control group and LPS 0.6,0.7,0.8,0.9,1.0 mg/kg groups on the first day after birth were (0.08±0.08),(0.17±0.11),(1.33±0.19),(1.75±0.33),(1.92±0.36),(2.67±0.14),respectively,and that of the third day after birth were (0.00 ± 0.00),(0.50 ± 0.15),(0.67 ±0.19),(1.33 ±0.36),(2.17 ±0.21),(2.92 ±0.08),respectively.LPS 1.0 mg/kg group on the 1st and 3rd day after birth were significantly different from the other groups (P ＜0.05),LPS 0.8 mg/kg group on the 1st and 3rd day after birth were significantly different from the control group and LPS 0.6 mg/kg group (P ＜ 0.05),and there was significant difference among the LPS 0.9 mg/kg group and the other groups on the 3rd day after birth (P ＜ 0.05).When the concentration of LPS was less than 0.8 mg/kg,there was no significant difference in the pathological scores of the lung tissues between each group (P ＞0.05).(3) The concentrations of IL-6,IL-8,and MMP-9 in the neonatal rats of LPS 0.7,0.8,0.9,and 1.0 mg/kg groups were significantly higher than those in the control group at 3 days of age,and the difference among LPS groups were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The intraperitoneal injection of LPS in rats 18 days after gestation can lead to lung injury,pulmonary edema,and increasing level of blood IL-6,IL-8,and MMP-9 in the neonatal rats,and this damage lasts until 7 days after birth which suggests the important meaning for lung diseases caused by intrauterine infection.

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