Objective To explore clinical significance of immunoglobulin G(IgG) subclass and the relationship with urine enzyme series and four microalbumen in Henoch - Schonlein purpura nephritis(HSPN). Methods IgG subclass, urine enzyme series, microal-bumen were detected between 28 cases with HSPN and 20 controls. Results The levels of IgG1, IgG2 in HSPN significantly decreased compared with the normal controls. In addition, the levels of IgG, were negative related to microalbumin(MA) and alkaline phosphalase (ALP) in HSPN, P

BACKGROUNDLaparoscopic splenectomy (LS) has been considered as the standard approach to remove a normal-sized spleen, but it is facing technical challenges when applied to splenomegaly. Hand-assisted laparoscopic technique was designed to facilitate the performance of difficult laparoscopic procedure. This study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy and superiority of hand-assisted laparoscopic splenectomy (HALS) for splenomegaly.

METHODSFrom November 1994 to January 2006, 36 patients with splenomegaly (final spleen weight > 700 g) were treated with laparoscopic operations for splenectomy in our hospital. Conventional LS was performed in 16 patients (7 men and 9 women, group 1) and HALS in the other 20 patients (12 men and 8 women, group 2). The patients' features, intraoperative details and the postoperative outcomes in the both groups were compared.

RESULTSThe both groups were comparable in the terms of patient's age ((38 +/- 12) years vs (43 +/- 14)years, P > 0.05), the greatest splenic diameter ((24 +/- 5)cm vs (27 +/- 7)cm, P > 0.05), preoperative platelet count ((118 +/- 94) x 10(9)/L vs (97 +/- 81) x 10(9)/L, P > 0.05) and diagnosis. Compared with LS group, operation time ((195 +/- 71) minutes vs (141 +/- 64) minutes, P < 0.05) was shorter, intraoperative blood loss ((138 +/- 80)ml vs (86 +/- 45)ml, P < 0.05) and conversion rate (4/16 vs 0/20, P < 0.05) were lower, but hospital stay ((5.3 +/- 3.8) days vs (7.4 +/- 1.6) days, P < 0.05) was longer in HALS group. There was no significant difference in the aspects of intraoperative and postoperative complication rate (2/16 vs 0/20, P > 0.05) or recovery time of gastrointestinal function ((16.3 +/- 11.6) hours vs (18.7 +/- 8.1) hours, P > 0.05) between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONSIn the cases of splenomegaly, HALS significantly facilitates the surgical procedure and reduces the operational risk, while maintaining the advantages of conventional LS. HALS is more feasible and more effective than conventional LS for the removal of splenomegaly.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Splenectomy ; methods ; Splenomegaly ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo investigate the correlation between mutation in EGFR tyrosine kinase domain and tumor response as well as prognosis in advanced stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with iressa.

METHODSFrom May 2002 to Feb. 2005, iressa was orally administered at a dose of 250 mg once daily for 106 advanced stage NSCLC patients until occurrence of disease progression or intolerable toxicity. Cancer tissue was obtained from these patients, and DNA was extracted for analysis of mutation in exon 18 to 24 of EGFR. Exon 18 to 24 of EGFR were amplified by nest PCR, sequenced and analyzed from both sense and antisence directions.

RESULTSPrimary NSCLC tissue specimens consisted of 25 frozen tissue blocks and 81 paraffin-embedded tumor tissue blocks from 106 consecutive NSCLC patients. Mutation was found to be more frequent in the adenocarcinoma than in the squamous cell carcinoma (35.9% vs 14.3%, P =0.033). Mutation was identified in 32 patients (30.2%). Response rate to iressa was 71.9% in the patients with EGFR mutation versus 13.5% in those without mutation (P <0.01). Compared with the patients without EGFR mutation, those with mutation had longer overall survival (median, 13.45 vs. 5.25 months; P<0.01) and median time to progression (median, 8.35 vs. 3.0 months; P <0.01).

CONCLUSIONEGFR mutation may be positively correlated with the response and survival in advanced stage Chinese NSCLC patient treated with iressa.

Adenocarcinoma ; drug therapy ; genetics ; pathology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; drug therapy ; genetics ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; drug therapy ; genetics ; pathology ; Exons ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; genetics ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Point Mutation ; Prognosis ; Quinazolines ; therapeutic use ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; genetics ; Sequence Deletion

OBJECTIVETo study the technological parameters of the purification process for effective part from Polygonum cuspidatum.

METHODUsing adsorption capacities and desorption rates of polydatin, resveratrol,emodin,physcion and total anthraquinone as the primary screening indexes, six resins were surveyed,and the optimized conditions of adsorption and desorption of the effective ingredients were studied.

RESULTResin D101 gave good separation performance and was selected to purify the effective part in Polygonum cuspidatum. The optimum parameters were established as the following: 1 BV (bed volume) sample extract was passed through the column with a flow rate of 2.4 BV x h(-1), 30 min later,the column was washed with 2 BV water, 2 BV 20% ethanol, 5 BV 50% ethanol, 2 BV 70% ethanol and 5 BV 95% ethanol, respectively. The combined 50% and 95% ethanolic elutes were concentrated to yield the purified effctive part.

CONCLUSIONThe purity of the total effective ingredients in the product was up to 36. 87%. Macroporous resin D101 could be well used in separating and purifying the effective part from Polygonum cuspidatum.

Adsorption ; Anthraquinones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Emodin ; analogs & derivatives ; isolation & purification ; Fallopia japonica ; chemistry ; Glucosides ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Resins, Synthetic ; chemistry ; Stilbenes ; isolation & purification ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Temperature

AIMTo study the pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of acipimox sustained-release tablets (SRT) after a single and multiple oral dose in healthy dogs.

METHODSThe plasma concentrations of of SRT and reference capsules with a single and multiple oral doses.

RESULTSThe drug concentration-time profiles fitted to a noncompartment model. After a single dose administration of sustained-release tablets and capsules, the pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows: AUC were (158 +/- 30) and (147 +/- 37) microg x h x mL(-1); Tmax were (4.3 +/- 0.8) and (2.6 +/- 1.3) h; Cmax were (29 +/- 6) and (42 +/- 10) microg x mL(-1); T(1/2) were (2.3 +/- 0.7) and (1.60 +/- 0.10) h; MRT were (6.0 +/- 0.8) and (3.9 +/- 0.7) h, respectively. The relative bioavailability of the sustained-release tablet was (108 +/- 16) %. After a multiple oral administration of sustained-release tablets and capsules, the pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows: AUC were (209 +/- 23) and (195 +/- 26) microg x h x mL(-1); Tmax were (6.3 +/- 0.8) and (3.4 +/- 1.5) h; Cmax were (27 +/- 4) and (36 +/- 5) microg x mL(-1); Cmmin were (2.2 +/- 1.0) and (0.20 +/- 0.20) microg x mL(-1); Cav were (8.7 +/- 1.0) and (8.1 +/- 1.1) micro x mL(-1); FI were (293 +/- 73) % and (448 +/- 91) % , respectively. The relative bioavailability of the sustained-release tablet was (114 +/- 19) %.

CONCLUSIONThe results of two one-side test from single dose administration shown that two preparations were bioequivalent. The Cmax of sustained-release tablet was lower than that of capsules, while the Tmax and MRT of sustained-release tablet were higher than that of capsule, which indicating a good retarding effect. The results from multiple dose administration also shown that two preparations were bioequivalent and the DF of sustained-release tablet was significant lower than that of capsule.

Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Area Under Curve ; Biological Availability ; Capsules ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Dogs ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Hypolipidemic Agents ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Pyrazines ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Random Allocation ; Tablets ; Therapeutic Equivalency

OBJECTIVETo investigate the mechanisms of histamine on chronic epilepsy induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ).

METHODSTo induce chemical kindling, a subconvulsive dose (35mg/kg) of PTZ was ip injected every 48 h in rats. Behavior changes were observed for 30 min after every injection of PTZ.

RESULTIp injection of histidine or icv injection of clobenpropit inhibited the development of kindling induced by PTZ, presenting prolonged latency for myoclonic jerks and clonic generalized seizures and depressed seizure stages in a dose-dependent manner. H(3)receptor agonist, immepip, and histidine decarboxylase, alpha-fluoromethylhistidine reversed the ameliorating effect of clobenpropit on seizure development in a dose-dependent manner.

CONCLUSIONBrain histamine plays an important role in protection against myoclonic jerks and clonic generalized clonic seizures and its action may be via H(3)receptor.

Animals ; Brain ; physiology ; Chronic Disease ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Epilepsy ; chemically induced ; Histamine ; physiology ; Histidine ; pharmacology ; Imidazoles ; pharmacology ; Male ; Pentylenetetrazole ; pharmacology ; Piperidines ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Thiourea ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of anti-psychotic treatment on the expression of Neuregulin-1 (NRG1) mRNA in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of schizophrenia patients.

METHODSThe NRG1 mRNA in peripheral blood lymphocytes was measured using semi-quantitative reverse transcription (RT)-PCR in 80 first-onset schizophrenia patients, 37 sibling controls and 83 non-related controls. The patients were treated with risperdone and quetiapine for 4 weeks. Positive and negative symptom scale (PANSS) was used to evaluate the severity and clinical efficacy.

RESULTSPrior to the treatment, the expression of NRG1 mRNA expression was significantly lower in patients than other two groups (F=73.004, P=0.000). From the second week on, the level of NRG1 mRNA expression in patients became significantly higher than before and gradually increased, whilst no significant difference between sib and non-sib controls. Prior to the treatment, there was significant correlation (r=-0.232, P=0.038) between the level of NRG1 mRNA and PANSS scores. Four weeks after the treatment, a significant correlation between the reduction rate of PANSS and the change of NRG1 mRNA (r=0.27, P=0.016).

CONCLUSIONThe expression of NRG1 gene mRNA is associated with schizophrenia. Decreased expression of NRG1 may play a role in the development of schizophrenia, which can be improved by anti-psychotic drugs.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Antipsychotic Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Gene Expression ; drug effects ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Humans ; Male ; Neuregulin-1 ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Schizophrenia ; drug therapy ; genetics ; Time Factors ; Young Adult

Objective To explore the structure changes of white matter of the patients with schizophrenia episode in early adulthood by diffusion tensor imaging(DTI) and in order to provide a structural neuroimaging basis for understanding the pathology of schizophrenia.Methods Twenty-six patients with schizophrenia episode in early adulthood in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University from July 2012 to March 2014 were selected as study group and twenty-eight healthy subjects whose age,sex,education were matched with study group were selected as control group.All subjects received structural magnetic resonance imaging and DTI scans.The fractional anisotropy (FA) and the mean diffusivity (MD) of the white matter of the same encephalic region were compared between the two groups by voxel-based analyses.Results The FA values of the right anterior cingulate gyrusthe,genu of corpus callosum,the right limb of internal capsule,the bilateral external capsule,the bilateral posterior of coronal radiate,the right anterior coronal radiate of patients in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).The MD values of the bilateral limbs of internal capsule,the right cingulate gyrus,left superior longitudinal tract,corpus callosum and right anterior coronal radiate of patients in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Schizophrenia patients who episode in early adulthood exist widespread microstructural damage of white matter.These changes may be related to the pathological change of schizophrenia.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Splenectomy ; methods

Objective To investigate the clinical application of modified electroconvulsive therapy (MECT),and provide the references for more standardized and rational use of MECT.Methods A retrospective study was performed by stratified random sampling method.The clinical data of 1 330 psychiatric inpatients from January 2006 to December 2015 in Henan Psychiatric Hospital were analyzed retrospectively,and the clinical application of MECT was investigated,including the proportion of psychiatric inpatients receiving MECT,the situation of combined use of MECT and antipsychotic drugs,and the routine examination results before and after MECT.Results The proportion of receiving MECT in schizophrenic patients was the highest,it is 11.36％ (81/713),the second was depressive episode (5.61％,12/214),followed by dissociative conversion disorder (5.56％,2/36),bipolar disorder (5.34％,7/131),organic mental disorder (3.23 ％,1/31) and other mental disorders (2.93％,6/205).There were significant differences in the distribution of various mental disorders between the non electroshock group and the electroshock group (x2 =21.728,P ＜ 0.05).The proportion of the patients without electric shock and the patients with single drug,two drugs,triple therapy or quadruple therapy was 0.92％,17.43 ％,56.88％,21.10％ and 3.67％,respectively.The proportion of the patients with two or more antipsychotic drugs was 81.65％ in the electroshock group.The antipsychotics were olanzapine (28.44％),clozapine (27.52％),quetiapine (26.61％) and risperidone (24.77 ％) according to the drugs used frequently in the electroshock group.The results of routine blood test were compared among the time points of before treatment,the 1st,2nd,3 rd week of MECT and 1 week after MECT in the shock group,which showed that there was significant difference in white blood cell count (F =2.570,P ＜ 0.05);but there was no significant difference in the levels of platelet,hemoglobin and red blood cell (P ＞ 0.05);the level of white blood cell returned to normal within two weeks in 93.33％ patients with increased white blood count.The myocardial enzymes and liver function tests were not perfect during the treatment of MECT and after treatment.There was no long-term systematic evaluation of cognitive function and quality of life in patients with electroconvulsive shock.Conclusions The probability of using MECT in the patients with schizophrenia is more than that in the patients with depression.MECT is used in combination with two or more antipsychotic drugs.MECT may cause a short increase in white blood cells,but the white blood cell level in most patients can recover to normal levels after symptomatic treatment.The clinical data for treatment and prognosis in patients with MECT are inadequate,so it is necessary to improve the medical record.