Calmodulin,as an important signaling regulatory protein,widely exists in eukaryotic cells and participates in a variety of physiological activities.Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a typical neurodegenerative diseasemostly affecting the old people.Senile plaques (SP) caused by amyloid protein deposition and neurofibrillary tangles (NTF) caused by over-phosphorylation of Tau protein in the brain are the two major neuropathological hallmarks of AD.Neuronal apoptosis induced by dysregulation of calcium homeostasis also plays a significant role during this pathological process.Recent studies have found that calcium and its downstream receptor,calmodulin,are closely associated with the pathogenesis and progress of Alzheimer's disease.This article reviews the current development and the latest research progress on the effects of calmodulin on β-amyloid protein generation and deposition,neurofibrillary tangle formation,synaptic plasticity in AD around the world,comprehensively discusses the role of calmodulin in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.

Random clustering was conducted among a total of 1068 residents aged 18 years or older at a certain Shanghai community.And they completed a questionnaire survey.Logistic data processing and model building were performed.The respondents were willing to go to a community health center for the following reasons:close proximity (88.4％),excellent service attitudes (40.4％) and low drug prices (37.8％).No statistically significant differences existed in terms of first choices of community health service,occupation,monthly income and-walking distance (P ＞ 0.05).However,statistically significant differences existed in education level,age and chronic diseases (P ＜ 0.05).

Animals ; Calpain ; Humans ; Nervous System Diseases ; chemically induced ; Organophosphate Poisoning

The flip classroom,as a new teaching form,has innovated the traditional teaching model.Although the flip classroom has its superiority,it will encounterchallenges in practice.This paper firstly analyzed the feasibility and necessity of medical ethics education based on the flip classroom.Then,it introduced the teaching model of medical ethics flip classroom based on three aspects:the basic pattern design,learning resources design and teaching process design.Finally,it discussed the application and effects of the flip classroom on the teaching of medical ethics.

Working time of normal setting impression materials was 71 (hand mixing,30 s),66 (Alghamix,20 s) and 53 (Algimax-Ⅱ,8 s) seconds respectively.Working time of fast setting impression materials was 56 (hand mixing,30 s) and 51 (Alghamix 20 s) seconds respectively.Setting time of normal setting impression materials was 163 (hand mixing,30 s),160(Alghamix 20 s) and 124(Algimax-Ⅱ,8 s)seconds respectively.Setting time of fast setting impression materials were 131 (hand mixing,30 s) and121 (Alghamix 20 s) seconds.The working and setting time of normal setting impression materials mixed by hand mixing(30 s) and auto-mixing (Alghamix 20 s;Algimax-Ⅱ,8 s) and fast setting impression materials mixed by hand mixing(30 s) and with auto-mixing using Alghamix (20 s) may satisfly clinical requirement.

To design a sphygmomanometer detecting worktable to prevent the leaked mercury from flowing or doing harm to the staff after volatilization. The worktable was composed of a body, an exhaust hood, a flow-guided groove, a base, a flow-guided hole, a collecting bin, a ventilating fan and etc. A filter screen at the ventilating fan was equipped with the sulphur powder to react with the mercury vapor in the air. The worktable could reduce mercury pollution and its damage to the staff. The worktable facilitates the maintenance and detection of the sphygmomanometer, and thus is worthy popularizing clinically.

Objective To study the demographics and background of attempted suicide individuals,such as age,gender,mode of suicide,seasonality,etc.so as to improve prevention strategy.Methods By sequential sampling analysis,there were data of 895 survivors from committed suicide taken from 907 attempted suicide individuals recorded in an emergency room of a local hospital between 2002 and 2008 for retrospectively study.Results The sample was composed of 191 males and 704 females with a male to female ratio of 1∶3.69.The adolescents and young adults aged 15-34 years accounted for the vast majority of attempted suicide individuals with the peak at the age of 24 years.The number of committed suicide remarkably reduced after the age of 47 years.The major mode of committed suicide was ingestion of poisons.The incidence of committed suicide declined significantly from 2002 to 2005,and then increased between 2005 and 2008.It was more often occurred in the seasons of Spring and Summer. Conclusions Age,gender,and seasonality are associated with attempted suicide in china,and these risk faetors should be the focuses of suicide prevention in China.Additionally,control of pesticides and psychological intervention should be the parts of the work to prevent suicide in the this cohort of special individuals with propensity of committed suicide.

BACKGROUND: Akt gene plays an important role in cell survival, proliferation, metabolism, and apoptosis. Although mechanism of Akt gene still remains unclear, it, a major element of survival signal, has aroused much attention in the domain of molecular biological research. OBJECTIVE: To construct eukaryotic expression vector pDC316-Akt1 for Aktl gene and to observe the expression in 293 cells. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: An observational study was performed at Molecular Biological Laboratory of Academy of Military Medical Sciences of Chinese PLA between September and December 2006. MATERIALS: pCD316 plasmid was provided by Benyuan Zhengyang Company; DH5α and 293 cells were reserved in our laboratory. METHODS: Aktl DNA segment was cloned from total RNA of hepatic tissue using RT-PCR and inserted into eukaryotic expressing vector pDC316 between EcoRI and Hind Ⅲ sites after sequencing. And then, 293 cells were transfected with the recombinant by liposome. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Aktl gene content in transfected 293 cells using Westem blotting. RESULTS: Sequencing test indicated that Aktl amino acid sequence was in accordance with wild Aktl sequence. Akt-pDC316 was transcripted in 293 cells, and Akt1 protein with relative molecular weight of 55 000 was highly expressed in 293 cells when assayed using Western blotting. CONCLUSION: Eukaryotic expression vector for Aktl gene highly expresses in 293 cells.

BACKGROUND: Hereditary susceptibility is an important role in episode and development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Aggregation of monocyte in kidney tissue, differentiation to histocyte and reinforcement of signal are possibly closed to episode and development of DN in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Regulated upon activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) is a chemokine of C-C subtribe. It can mediate infiltration and activation of inflammatory cells and cause injuries of renal corpuscle and renal mesenchymal. This may be a key mechanism of episode and development of DM. Thus, RANTES gene may be one of the susceptible gene of DN. OBJECTIVE :To investigate correlation between RANTES gene promoter -28C/G polymorphism and DN in type 2 DM in Chinese. DESIGN: Case-contrast study. SETTING: Department of Endocrine, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College; Center of Diabetes Mellitus of Guizhou Province. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 143 patients with type 2 DM were recruited from the Department of Endocrine, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College and Department of Endocrine,Guizhou People's Hospital from September 2003 to September 2005. Among them, 53 cases had normoalbuminuria, 54 microalbuminuria and 36 macroalbuminuria. Another 55 healthy subjects who were selected from Center of Health Examination, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College were regarded as control group. METHODS: 3-5 mL peripheral venous blood was collected from all subjects. RANTES gene promoter -28C/G genotype was detected with polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Allele frequency and genotypic frequency of RANTES gene promoter -28C/G; ② risk factor of DN was analyzed with Logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: All 198 subjects were involved in the final analysis. ① Comparison of CG genotypic frequency of -28C/G: There was no significant difference between normal control group and DM group (P＞ 0.05); however, that in microalbuminuria group and macroalbuminuria group was higher than that in normoalbuminuria group (24.1％, 47.2％, 9.4％, P ＜ 0.05), and that in macroalbuminuria group was also higher than that in microalbuminuria group (P ＜ 0.05). ② Frequency of G allele of -28C/G: There was no significant difference between normal control group and DM group (P ＞ 0.05); however, that in micro albuminuria group and macrealbuminuria group was higher than that in microalbuminuria group (12.0％, 23.6％, 4.7％, P ＜ 0.05), and that in macroalbuminuria group was also higher than that in microalbuminuria group (P＜ 0.05). ③ Logistic regression analysis showed that positive genotype of -28G was related to DN (95％ Cl:1.402-15.032, P =0.012). CONCLUSION: Positive genotype of RANTES gene promoter-28G may be related to DN.

Objective To investigate the relationship between exposure intensity and illumination time of blue light and replicative senescence of rat retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) ceils.Methods Thirty-six 12-14 weeks Wistar rats were kept in the cage with a blue-light bulb [(450±10) nm],and were randomly divided into four groups (no light,nature light,500 lx light and 1000 lx light illumination),each has nine rats.The rats in each group were further divided into three subgroups according to illumination time (one month,two months or three months).Eyeballs were collected after intraperitoneal injection of 10% chloral hydrate.The right eye of each rat was embedded in paraffin and sectioned for hematoxylin-eosin (HE)staining,while frozen sections of the left eye were stained for the senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal).The data were analyzed by SPSS11.5 statistical software.Results The amounts of SA-β-Gal positive RPE cells were significantly different between all groups under the same illumination time 17 (P=0.000),and between all subgroups of different illumination time with same exposure intensity (P＜0.01)except for the control group (no light).Conclusion Blue-light can induce replicative senescence in rat RPE cells in an intensity and time-dependent manner.