Objective To investigate the distribution of hepatitis B virus(HBV) genotypes ,drug resistance situation of hepatitis B patients and the relation between HBV genotype with drug resistance and mutation sites .Methods Three hundred serum samples of HBV patients were collected and HBV‐DNA was extracted by adopting the centrifugal column method .The HBV genotype and drug resistant mutant were detected by using PCR‐reverse dot blot hybridization method .Results In 300 cases of HBV‐DNA posi‐tive ,genotye B ,C ,B/C and other undetected genotypes were detected out ,but genotype D was not detected out ,in which genotype C was predominant ,accounting for 81 .8% ;in the HBV patients ,the resistant drugs were dominated by‐lamivudine and telbivudine , accounting for 43 .6% ;the HBV drug resistant mutation genotypes were mainly rt204I(24 .35% ) ,rt204V (17 .39% ) and rt180M (17 .39% );the drug resistance mutation rates of genotype B and C were 30 .77% and 42 .42% respectively ;the difference was sta‐tistically significant(P<0 .05) .Conclusion HBV genotype C in Dongying area is more than genotype B ,genotype C is prone to produce drug resistance ,rt204I ,rt204V and rt180M gene mutations are common ,lamivudine and telbivudine combined resistance is common ,the suitable treatment scheme should be selected according to genotyping and drug resistance mutations results .

Objective To explore the effects of advanced glyeosylation end products (AGEs) on the binding of hepatic nuclear factors to the human insulin receptor (hlR) gene promoter. Methods The oligonueleotides with hlR gene promoter activity, 42 bp (spanning -1 441 to -1 400, US1) or 146 bp (spanning -638 to -493), were artificially synthesized, with point mutations at 5 key G residues in 42 bp US1 m5 oligonucleotides. US1 and rat hepatic nuclear extracts (HNE) were incubated with glucose 6-phosphate, prior to non-competition and competition gel retardation electrophoresis. Results Competition gel retardation electrophoresis showed that the binding capacity of 32p-labeled US1 probe to HNE could be signifficantly decreased with increased US1. US1-AGEs and US1m5 decreased the binding of probe to HNE as well, but only partly affected the electrophoretie bands [1,5,10 ng US1-AGEs: (41.08±2.86)%, (27.64±2.92)%, (15.35±1.81%) vs (52.05±1.79)%]; 5,10 ng US1m5: (5.20± 1.03)%, (1.81±0.21)% vs (52.05±1.79)%]. AGEs formed on HNE could increase the binding of HNE to probe, along with nonspecifie binding increasing. Conclusion The impact of AGEs on hlR gene expression seems to be related to the effects on cis-elements and trans-acting factors.

Objective To observe the effects of interleukin-1 ?(IL-1?) on spontaneous electrical activity of neurons in paravenrticular nuclei,and discuss the possible mechanism.MethodsExtracellular recording technique was employed to observe the effects of IL-1? on spontaneous electrical activity of neurons in paravenricular nuclei in rat hypothalamic slices,and the influence of losartan on the electrical activity induced by IL-1? was examined.ResultsAfter exposure to IL-1?(1?10-7 mol/L),the discharge frequency was significantly increased in 46 of the 59 discharge units(78%) of neurons(P

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of early electro-acupuncture treatment on prevention of post-operative adhesions.Methods40 rabbits were randomly divided into 5 groups: normal control group, model group 1, model group 2, early electro-acupuncture group and later electro-acupuncture group with 8 animals in each group. Muscle adhesion model was established by operation. The early electro-acupuncture group was received the treatment from the 11th to 20th day after the operation; later electro-acupuncture group was from the 21st to 30th day after the operation. The weight, gait and range of motion (ROM) of animals were observed and analyzed.ResultsThe standing, walking and ROM of animals of the early electro-acupuncture group improved; but only few gait indexes improved and ROM not changed in the later electro-acupuncture group.ConclusionThe early electro-acupuncture treatment can prevent the post-operative adhesion of muscles, but not having effect on formed adhesion.

BACKGROUND: Hyperlipemia is one of the important risk factors of coronary atherosclerotic cardiopathy. Great attention has been paid on how to explain the correlation between blood lipid and coronary heart disease and the correlation of characteristics and level of blood lipid with coronary heart disease.OBJECTIVE: To probe into the correlation among the characteristics, the level of blood lipid and coronary heart disease in senile people.DESIGN: Case-control observation and stratified analysis.SETTING: Second Cadre Ward of General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command of Chinese PLA.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 105 inpatients were selected in coronary heart disease group, diagnosed as coronary heart disease, tallied with WHO Diagnostic Standard on Coronary Heart Diseases, in Second Cadre Ward of General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command of Chinese PLA from January 2001 to January 2002. Totally 99 inpatients, by checked, without coronary heart disease and cerebral vascular disorder were selected in the control in the same period.METHODS: 2 mL venous blood was collected in fasting in the morning and the serum was collected after centrifuged at 3 000 r/minute, for 5 minutes. Auto-biochemical analyzer and enzyme kit were used to determine cholesterol, triglycerin, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol. Compared with the data in the control, the ranges of cholesterol, triglycerin and low density lipoprotein were calculated successively and divided by 10; at the class intervals of 0.53, 0. 39 and 0.29 mmonl/L, the frequency table was worked out. According to the frequency table, P25 (the 25th percentile), P50 (the 50th percentile), P75 (the 75th percentile) and P90 (the 90th percentile) of cholesterol, triglycerin and low density lipoprotein cholesterol were calculated successively. The stratified groups were divided based on P ＜ 25, P25 to PS0, PS0 to P75, P75 to P90 and ＞ P90, by which, the cases belonging to 5 groups were determined in coronary heart disease group and the control respectively. The exposure factor was determined by ＞ P90, compared with other 4 groups, Menta-Haensecel method was used to calculate x2. If the exposure factor was related with coronary heart disease, the relevant coefficient and 95% confidence interval should be calculated. In accordance with the standards (Proposal on Prevention of Abnormal Blood Lipid and Targets of Abnormal Blood lipid on 2-grade Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease), the cases beyond the targets and morbidity were determined in two groups.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Determination of blood lipid, abnormal cases and morbidity in two groups; cases beyond targets of blood lipid and morbidity; stratified comparisons of percentiles in two groups.RESULTS: According to intention measurement, 204 cases entered result and the control, there was no significant difference in cholesterol, triglycerin cases presented hypercholesterolemia, 34.3% cases hypertriglycerlipidemia and 11. 4% cases low density lipoprotein-hypercholesterolemia. It was indicated that the blood lipid was in the normal range among 64. 8% to 88.6% comparison between the cases with cholesterol ≥5.47 mmonl/L and the cases with cholesterol varied from 3.85 to 4.63 mmol/L, the morbidity of coronary heart disease in the former was 2.98 times as high as the latter (x2 = 6.29, 95% confidence interval was 1.27 -6.98) . In the comparison between the cases with cholesterol ≥ 5.47 mmol/L and the cases with cholesterol varied from 4.64 to 5.05 mmol/L, the correlation with coronary Lipid for 2nd Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease, among the patients with coronary heart disease, cholesterol ≥ 4.68 mmonl/L in 54. 2% cases,triglycerin ≥ 1.70 mmol/L in 34. 3% cases and low density lipoprotein ≥ 2.6 mmol/L in 52. 3% cases.CONCLUSION: For senile patients with coronary heart disease, the satisfactory level of cholesterol is 3.85- 4.63 mmol/L. For those with cholesterol ≥ 5.47 mmol/L, compared with those varied from 3.85 to 4.63 mmol/L, the morbidity of coronary heart disease in the former is possibly 2.98 times as same as the latter(x2 = 6.29, 95% confidence interval was 1.27 - 6.98).

Objective To investigate the correlation between extended high-frequency audiometry and distortion product oto acousticemissions (DPOAE) amplitudes. Methods 60 normal hearing people aged 20~40 years were examined with extended high-frequency audiometry and DPOAE. Results Extended high frequency thresholds negatively correlated to DPOAE. Conclusion There is correlation between these two methods, and they can be used for early creening and diagnosis of hearing loss.

Objective To observe the effects of dexamethasone (DEX) therapy on the clinical outcome and changes of lymphocyte subsets in children with mild and severe encephalitis.Methods Eighty-two children with mild and severe viral encephalitis were randomly divided into two groups: with DEX treatment (n=46) or without(n=36).The clinical efficacy was evaluated 3 weeks later, and the clinical manifestation were also observed. The changes of CD4~+,CD8~+ T lymphocyte percentage were determined by flow cytometry on admission and at 1 week,4 weeks after treatment.Another group of 20 cases was enrolled as control group.Results Compared with the control group,both the DEX treatment group and non-DEX treatment group showed a reduced CD4~+ lymphocyte count, an increased CD8~+ lymphocyte count(P

Purpose:To investigate the clinical features,diagnosis, surgical treament and prognosis of pleural mesothelioma. Methods:A retrospective study was conducted in a total of 10 cases of pleural mesothelioma hospitalized from January 1980 to June 2000. Results: None of the 10 patients had history of exposure to asbestos,and the clinical manifestation were chest pain and feeling of compression,cough,shortness of breath. Pleural thickening or nodules were found in radiography examaination with or without pleural effusion.Of 10 cases,4 cases were localized type and 6 cases were diffused type, 8 cases received surgery(5 cases received radical operation and 3 cases received palliative operation) Conclusions:Exposure to asbestos or not has no definite relations to pleural mesothelioma,cytology examination of pleural effusion is not very helpful in pathologic diagnosis due to low positive rate.CT scan and pleural needle biopsy are helpful preoperatively. Surgical operation is the optional treatment in localized type and the prognosis is good,but prognosis is poor in diffused type and multimodality therapy is emphasized.

Equipment Design ; Humans ; Nebulizers and Vaporizers

Articulation Disorders ; surgery