Atherosclerosis (AS) is a multi-factor disease,with complex etiology.It is associated with vascular abnormalities and changing vascular wall composition.AS mainly involve large and medium sized arteries,which may cause multiple organ lesions including heart and brain tissue ischemia and necrosis,myocardial infarction,stroke and other serious diseases.Its pathogenesis has not been finally clarified.This article gives review on pathological changes,etiology and mechanism of AS,as well as its imaging performance.

Breast cancer stem cells (BCSC) are group of cells exhibiting self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation potentials. These cells have an important role in the occurrence, development, metastasis, and recurrence of breast cancer. In normal circumstances, the ability of mammary stem cells to differentiate and undergo self-renewal is governed by related signaling pathways. After this mechanism is destroyed, breast stem cells undergo abnormal differentiation, forming breast cancer stem cells that unlimitedly proliferate to develop into breast cancer. As research on BCSC increasingly deepens, regulation of BCSC by notch signaling and its crosstalk with several signaling pathways have drawn a great deal of attention in this field. This paper reports the signaling pathways of breast cancer stem cells and latest studies on this field to better understand the essential role of notch signaling pathway in the occurrence and development of breast cancer and corresponding clinical targeted therapy.

The carotid plaque (CP) detachment can induce thrombosis, which may lead to cerebral vascular disease. In recent years,research of CP is mainly focused on qualitative and quantitative analysis of vulnerable plaque. Therefore, it is important to choose therapeutic method and opportunity according to the structure and stability of the plaque. This article reviews the progress in the diagnosis of plaque from the aspects of common ultrasound, contrast enhanced ultrasound, ultrasound real-time tissue elastography, intravascular unltrasound, digital subtraction angiography (DSA), comuted tomography angiography (CTA), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Common and all kinds of new ultrasonic technology can be used to evaluate the vulnerability of CP from different aspects.

Aged ; Animals ; Climacteric ; drug effects ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Integrative Medicine ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Perimenopause ; Periodontitis ; drug therapy ; Phytotherapy ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Japanese kampo medicine originated from traditional Chinese medicine. But different from TCM pattern of "Tracing the etiology by syndrome differentiation-establishing therapeutic methods-prescribing formula", during the process of development, Japanese kampo medicine has gradually formed a different diagnostic and therapeutic mode, which was "corresponding prescription and pattern". This therapeutic mode directly chose formula from ancient books, especially Shanghanlun (Treatise on Febrile Diseases), according to the constitution, symptoms and signs of patients. The diagnostic and therapeutic mode of Japanese kampo medicine provides references for integration of traditional Chinese and western medicine.

Autophagy is an important pathway in the body to remove damaged cell organelles and dysfunctional proteins to maintain protein equilibrium and intracellular homeostasis by the lysosomal system .As a degenerative disease of central nervous system , the main feature of Alzheimer ’ s disease is abnormal protein aggregation .However , the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer ’ s disease is not fully clear yet .The aim of this paper is to take β-amyloid peptide as a starting point to explore the relationship between autophagy and β-amyloid peptide in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease.

Medulloblastoma was a common malignant, invasive neoplasm of the central nervous system occurring in children. This disease had the characteristics of easy recurrence and the prognosis remained relatively poor, which heavily influenced healthy and quality of life of children. In recent years, advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques such as diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)and 1H- magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H- MRS) were the new noninvasive technique of diagnostic imaging to be used in the diagnosis and prognosis of medulloblastoma, which showed very significant clinical value and made some new progress. In this study, we talked about the DWI, DTI and 1H-MRS used in medulloblastoma.

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common hospital acquired infection in neonatal intensive care unit with high incidence in China. There is no diagnostic gold standard of VAP. The risk factors include premature birth, low birth weight, dura-tion of mechanical ventilation, episodes of intubation, blood stream infections. The recommended precautions include rising head of bed, closed tracheal suction, sucralfate, selective decontamination in digestive tract, improvement of mechanical ventilation, oral and skin care, hand hygiene. However, it is controversial that sucralfate, selective decontamination in digestive tract, passive humidifiers, oral and skin care can reduce the incidence of VAP.

Objective To observe the effect of the dental operative microscope(DOM) and the ultrasonic apparatus in detecting the mesiobuccal root canal orifice of the maxillary first permanent molar(MFPM). Methods According to traditional method,the pulp chamber was opened and the second mesiobuccal root canals(MB2) were explored in 76 MFPM teeth.If MB2 was not found,then we modified the shapes of the pulp chambers and detected the orifices.At last,MB2,not found under naked eyes,was explored with DOM and ultrasonic technique. Results The detection rate of the second mesiobuccal orifice of MFPM was 81.6%.The rate was only 31.6% when using traditional method,while after modifying the shapes of the pulp chambers there was an increase of 30.2% under naked eyes and then another 19.7% increase was obtained by using DOM and ultrasonic apparatus.The distance between two mesiobuccal root canal orifices was(1.42?0.51) mm. Conclusion It is helpful to find some invisible orifice of MB2 by using DOM and ultrasonic technique,and it would be beneficial to improve the root canal therapy.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of the expression of CD_(21) on peripheral blood B lymphocytes in different age periods.Methods All the cases was divided into newborn group,infant group and children group.The expression of CD_(21) on B lymphocytes were analyzed by the flow cytometry.Results 1.The number of CD_(21) on B lymphocytes of newborn group were obviously lo-(wer) than those in other two groups;and with growth of a child,the numer tended to grow up.2.Mean fluorescence intension(MFI),the expression of CD_(21) on B lymphocyte,also had the characteristic of increase with the age.Conclusions With the growing up of a child,the expression of CD_(21) on B lymphocyte has the tendency of up-regulation;which conforms to the feature of immune system development in childhood.Because of the higher expression of CD_(21) on B lymphocyte in certain age,it has the sensitivity to Epstein-Barr virus infection for children.