OBJECTIVE

To identify retinal lesions through ultrawide field (UWF) images and correlate their presence, size, location, and number with the immunologic status of individuals living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

This retrospective study reviewed UWF retinal images and CD4 counts of adult patients diagnosed with HIV. ImageJ software was used to annotate lesions and create heat maps. The distribution of lesions (hemorrhages, cotton wool spots, cytomegalovirus [CMV] lesions) was evaluated across 3 retinal zones: posterior pole, mid-periphery and far periphery. Statistical analyses were conducted using SAS version 9.4.

The study included 44 eyes of 23 male HIV patients, with a mean age of 35 ± 9.3 years, and a mean CD4 count of 74 ± 145 cells/mm³. HIV retinopathy was present in 24 (54.5%) eyes and CMV retinitis in 6 (13.6%) eyes. Among eyes with HIV-related findings (N=30), 8 (26.7%) had hemorrhages, 19 (63.3%) had cotton wool spots, and 7 (23.3%) had both. Eyes with HIV retinopathy had significantly low CD4 counts (17 vs. 25 cells/mm³, p=0.0398), and eyes with CMV retinitis had even lower CD4 counts (9 vs. 22 cells/mm³, p=0.0133). Lesion annotations showed that the mean area covered by hemorrhages was 0.47 mm² (97.9% in the posterior pole), cotton wool spots was 0.73 mm² (96.0% in the posterior pole), and CMV lesions was 22.89 mm² (37.9% in the posterior pole, 35.9% in the mid-periphery, and 26.1% in the far periphery).

HIV retinopathy findings are predominantly located within 10 mm of the foveal center, while over 62% of CMV lesions are present outside this zone. This highlights the importance of evaluating the retinal periphery in high-risk patients. Regular monitoring using UWF imaging is recommended for HIV-infected individuals with low CD4 counts, to detect vision-threatening conditions like CMV retinitis.

No abstract available.
Retinal Vein Occlusion* ; Retinal Vein* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Vitreous Hemorrhage*

Vitreous hemorrhage acounted for 64 patients(67 eyes) seen during a eighteenmonth period from March 1, 1987, to August 31, 1988. In order of decreasing frequency, the major causes were diabetic retinopathy(19.4%), trauma(l1.9%), silent retinal tear(10.4%). retinal branch vein occlusion(7.5%), acute posterior vitreous detachment(7.5%), Eales' disease(6%), Hypertension(6%), central retinal vein occlusion(4.4%). And the minor causes were rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(3%), retinal angioma(3%), chronic renal failure(3%), subretinal neovascularization(1.5%), disc neovascularization with undetermined cause(1.5%). No cause could be determined in 14.9% of the cases.
Diabetic Retinopathy ; Retinal Perforations ; Retinal Vein ; Retinaldehyde ; Veins ; Vitreous Hemorrhage*

PURPOSE: To investigate postoperative visual acuities of patients who underwent vitrectomy for their dense nondiabetic vitreous hemorrhage, and in addition to assess postoperative visual results of the group who underwent early vitrectomy. METHODS: Included in the study were 52 patients (52 eyes) who had undergone vitrectomy and been followed up for longer than 4 months after surgeries. Authors investigated the underlying diseases of vitreous hemorrhage, surgical outcomes, and the rate of complications. In addition, we evaluated the results of the group who had undergone vitrectomy between 4 weeks and 6 weeks after development of hemorrhage. RESULTS: The most common cause of vitreous hemorrhage was branch retinal vein occlusion followed by macular hole, ocular trauma, central retinal vein occlusion, age related macular degeneration, Terson`s syndrome, and unknown cases. Visual acuity before operation is less than light perception to 0.3 and improved in 44 eyes (84.6%) after operation. The rate of more than 5 lines' improvement is 63.4% (33 eyes) and 51.9% (27 eyes) obtained their visual acuity of 0.5 or better. In the group which had been operated 4 to 6 weeks after the development, visual acuity improved in 100% (16 eyes). Thirteen eyes (81.2%) showed more than 5 lines' improvement of their visual acuity and 12 eyes had 0.5 or better (75.5%). The most common complication after surgeries is cataract in 5 eyes (10.8%), others were macular hole in 3 eyes (5.7%), retinal detachment in 2 eyes (3.8%), macular hole in 1 eye (6.2%). CONCLUSIONS: Pars plana vitrectomy is a good procedure to improve visual acuity for the patients who have suffered persistent visual disturbances due to non-diabetic vitreous hemorrhage. Also, early vitrectomy should be considered for early visual rehabilitation.
Cataract ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Macular Degeneration ; Rehabilitation ; Retinal Detachment ; Retinal Perforations ; Retinal Vein ; Retinal Vein Occlusion ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy* ; Vitreous Hemorrhage*

This is a descriptive study of Tersons syndrome among patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage at the Philippine General Hospital. The incidence of Tersons syndrome was 13.4 percent. There were no statistically significant differences in outcomes among patients with and without Tersons syndrome. (Author)
Human ; EYE DISEASES ; EYE HEMORRHAGE ; RETINAL HEMORRHAGE ; VITREOUS HEMORRHAGE ; VITREOUS HEMORRHAGE/ETIOLOGY ; PROGNOSIS ; ANEURYSM ; SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE

Forty three eyes with vitreous hemorrhage caused by branch retinal vein occlusion had been underwent pars plana vitrectomy and followed-up over 6 months. The eyes were classified into 4 groups according to intraoperative fundus findings-group 1; vitreous hemorrhage only, group 2; vitreous hemorrhage with fibrovascular proliferation, group 3; vitreous hemorrhage with traction retinal detachments, group 4; vitreous hemorrhage with rhegmatogenous retinal detachments. Analysis was focused on the clinical characteristics and postoperative outcome in each group. The durations of vitreous hemorrhage were longer significantly in group 2 and group 3. The vision improved postoperatively in 35 of 43 eyes(81.3%). The percentage of postoperative visual improvements was 100%(18 of 18 eyes) in group 1, 85.7%(12 of 14 eyes) in group 2, 66.6%(4 of 6 eyes) in group 3, and 20$(1 of 5 eyes) in group 4. The preoperative ultrasono-graphic findings of retinal status were accorded with intraoperative retinal findings in 74.4% of eyes.
Retinal Detachment ; Retinal Vein Occlusion* ; Retinal Vein* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Traction ; Ultrasonography ; Vitrectomy ; Vitreous Hemorrhage*

Vitreous fluorophotometry was used to measure blood retinal barrier permeability to fluorescein in 15 patients with branch retinal vein occlusion(BRVO). Mean posterior vitreous fluorescein concentration(3mm) was 20.0 +/- 11.3(ng/ml) in affected eyes, and 2.99 +/- 1.22(ng/ml) in unaffected eyes. There was a statistically significant difference between the affected eye and unaffected eye(p<0.05). Also there was a correlation between the hemorrhage area and the posterior vitreous fluorescein concentration(r2=0.819). This study revealed that the permeability of blood retinal barrier was increased in BRVO as compared to the contralateral eye, and the higher permeability values were associated with the extent of area involved.
Blood-Retinal Barrier ; Fluorescein ; Fluorophotometry ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Permeability ; Retina* ; Retinal Vein Occlusion* ; Retinal Vein* ; Retinaldehyde*

Eales disease is an uncommon idiopathic vasoproliferative retinal disease that primarily affects the peripheral retina. We experienced a 17-year-old male patient who was referred to our clinic because of retinal hemorrhage at the superior temporal quadrant of his left eye. After excluding other causes of branch retinal vein occlusion with medical evaluation, the primary branch retinal vein occlusion was diagnosed. During the follow-up period, retinal vasculitis developed in the peripheral retina of his both eyes along with rapid development of the neovascularization in the left eye. Eales disease was diagnosed. In spite of scattered laser photocoagulation, vitreous hemorrhage eventually occurred, requiring pars plana vitrectomy. We emphasize the occurrence of the branch retinal vein occlusion in young patient with Eales disease.
Adolescent ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Light Coagulation ; Male ; Retina ; Retinal Diseases ; Retinal Hemorrhage ; Retinal Vasculitis ; Retinal Vein Occlusion* ; Retinal Vein* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Vitrectomy ; Vitreous Hemorrhage

In the literature, Terson's syndrome most commonly co-occurs with subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH) secondary to rupture of an A-com or ICA aneurysm. It is usually observed bilaterally and the prognosis is poor. The authors report two rare cases of unilateral Terson's syndrome after rupture of MCA bifurcation aneurysm rupture. In both cases, retinal hemorrhage was noticed after early aneurysmal clipping ; after these were conservatively treated, the visual acuity of one patient improved slightly and that of the other showed no change. For early detection and proper management of retinal hemorrhage after subarachnoid hemorrhage, early and periodic fundoscopic examination appears to be important.
Aneurysm* ; Humans ; Prognosis ; Retinal Hemorrhage ; Rupture* ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage* ; Visual Acuity

The authors report 2 patients presenting with visual disturbance due to retinal hemorrhage which developed 1 week after clipping of aneurysm in subarachnoid hemorrhage. Funduscopic findings and pathogenesis of retinal hemorrhage are presented & reviewed. Fortunately funduscopic examination seems to be mandatory for early detection of delayed retinal hemorrhage in subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Aneurysm ; Humans ; Prognosis ; Retinal Hemorrhage* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage