Reflex tests are ordered when a particular test result indicates that additional testing should be performed according to the guidelines or the feedback process formulated by clinical consultation. The application scope of the reflex tests involves various subspecialties of laboratory medicine. The clinical application needs the support of qualified laboratory doctors, comprehensive information and financial system, clinical guidelines, and so on. Active application of reflex tests can promote the standardization of evidence-based medicine in clinical practice, save medical resources, and shorten the diagnosis and treatment time of patients.

Objective To analyze the safety and diagnostic value of ultrasound-guided biopsy with simple biopsy clip in children.Methods Under simple biopsy clip 52 cases were performed percutaneous renal biopsy.Then the curative rate and the incidence rate of complications were evaluated.Results Of 52 cases,49 cases(94.23%) gained enough renal tissue specimen for histological evaluation;Three failed cases occurred at early stage,nothing was found at later stage.The main complication was macroscopic hematuria occurred only once or twice after the operation and perirenal hematoma in 1.92% of the cases.No other severe complications were found.Conclusions The biopsy clip is convenient and sterile,and can guide the biopsy device exactly and safely.The use of 18-gauge biopsy gun and the automated biopsy device in children can decrease the complication rate,which can be easily performed.

Objective To research the ophthalmic nosocomial infection ,and to explore ophthalmic nosocomial infection risk fac-tors .Methods Retrospective analysis medical record information of 122 ophthalmic patients ,who were residency and nosocomial in-fection ,from January 2003 to December 2012 in department of ophthalmology ,renhe hospital of three gorges university .multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to screen risk factors .Results ophthalmic nosocomial infection rate was 2 .47% (122/4 931) , the highest rate was of respiratory infections ,accounting for 56 .56% (69/122) .Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that ,ntact check ,invasive operation ,hospitalization days were the risk factors for nosocomial infections .Conclusion Ophthalmology inpatients often merge hospital infection ,hospital should strengthen the hospital infection management ,strict execution aseptic oper-ation ,reducing the occurrence of hospital infection .

Objective To explore the prognostic impact of miR137 target gene Kruppel-like transcription factor 12 (KLF12) in multiple myeloma (MM). Methods The target genes of miR137 were predicted by software. The GFP analysis of KLF12 and the prognosis of MM were constructed. Overexpressing miR137 in MM NCI-H929 cell line was also constructed. Real-time qPCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of KLF12 in this cell line. Results The target genes of miR137 were MITF, BUE2H, SH3BP5 and KLF12. High expression of KLF12 in 455 patients included 75 patients (16.5 %) died, 104 patients with low expression of KLF12, and 25 patients (24.0 %) died, but no significance was detected in the different subgroups. KLF12 expression was higher in MM NCI-H929 cell line with miR137 over expression. The expression of miR137 was positively correlated with the expression of KLF12. Conclusion miR137-KLF12 is an important index to judge the prognosis of MM.

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ObjectiveTo investigate the influence of cobalt chloride ( CoCl2 )-mimetic hypoxia on theproliferation,apoptosis and migration of human pancreatic cancer cell fine PANC1.MethodsPANC1 cells were treated with 0(control),100,200,400,800 μmol/L CoCl2 respectively for 24 h.Real-time RT-PCR and Western blot were used to determine hypoxia induced factor ( HIF)-1o mRNA and protein expression respectively,and cell counting kit-8(CCK-8) assays,flow cytometry and cell scratch test were used to examine the proliferation,apoptosis and migration of PANC1 cells,respectively.ResultsIn the control group and 100,200,400 and 800 μmol/L CoCl-2 groups,the expressions of HIF-1t mRNA were 1,1.08 ±0.12,1.12 ± 0.09,1.04±0.11,0.66 ±0.07,and the expressions of VEGF mRNA were 1,2.69±0.35,4.81 ±0.54,2.19 ± 0.21,0.79 ± 0.08,while the expressions of HIF-1 α protein were 0.23 ± 0.03,0.36 ± 0.04,1.15 ± 0.11,1.08 ± 0.09,0.44 ± 0.04; and the expressions of VEGF protein were 0.14 ± 0.02,0.12 ± 0.01,0.95 ±0.09,0.87 ±0.09,0.55 ±0.06; and cell viability rates were 100％,(98.43 ±2.88)％,(76.15 ± 0.70)％,(53.87 ±0.77)％,(35.23 ±0.67)％ ; while cell apoptotic rates were (5.2 ±1.12)％,(5.74 ± 1.07)％,(6.82 ± 1.85)％,(12.09 ±3.53)％,(31.88 ±6.95)％ ; the cell migration distance of PANC1 cells were (43.24 ±3.67)％,(59.46 ±5.39)％,(80.56 ±8.05)％,(63.89 ±5.96)％,(9.09 ± 1.59 ) ％.Compared with those of control group,the expressions of VEGF mRNA,VEGF and HIF-1 α protein,cell migration distance showed a two-way variation ( ascending first and descending later) (P ＜0.05 ),and the expression of HIF-1α mRNA and cell proliferation rate was decreased in a dose-dependent manner,while the cell apoptosis was increased in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusions CoCl2 significantly inhibits the proliferation and promotes apoptosis of PANC1 cells at certain level.CoCl2 has a two-way effect on the migration of PANC1 cells,and it may be related to the direct injury of high concentration of CoCl2 on cells.

Naturally occurring mutations in surface proteins of Hepatitis B virus(HBV)usually result in altered hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)secretion efficiency.In the present study,we reported two conserved residues,M75 and M103 with respect to HBsAg,mutations of which not only attenuated HBsAg secretion(M75 only),but also suppressed HBV genome replication without compromising the overlapping p-gene product.We also found M75 and M103 can initiate truncated surface protein(TSPs)synthesis upon over-expression of full-length surface proteins,which may possibly contribute to HBV genome replication.However,attempts to rescue replicationdefective HBV mutant by co-expression of TSPs initiated from M75 or M103 were unsuccessful,which indicated surface proteins rather than the putative TSPs were involved in regulation of HBV genome replication.

This paper is to evaluate the biocompatibility and cytotoxicity of a new Ni-free Zr-based bulk metallic glass (BMG), Zr60.14 Cu22.31 Fe4.85 Al9.7 Ag3, by comparing it with conventional Ti6Al4V alloy. According to ISO 10993-5: 1999 and GB/T 16886.5-1997 standards, Zr60.14 Cu22.31 Fe4.85 Al9.7 Ag3, pure Zr and Ti6Al4V materials were extracted with surface area of sample/volume of medium ratio being 1 cm2/mL and 0.5 cm2/mL, respectively. The viabilities of MG-63 cells (Human osteosarcoma cell line) cultured in the BMG medium extracts for 1, 3 and 5 days were determined by CCK-8 assay. The cellular morphology of MG-63 cells cultured on the surface of samples for 3 days was tested through laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The relative growth rate (RGR) of MG-63 cells cultured in Zr60.14 Cu22.31 Fe4.85 Al9.7 Ag3 and pure Zr were both more than 85%, indicating that the cytotoxicity of BMG was relatively low and met the national biomedical material eligibility standard. There was insignificant difference in the morphology of MG-63 cells cultured in the BMG medium extracts and the control group through LSCM and SEM, which showed the BMG had excellent biological compatibility. The Zr-based bulk metallic glass Zr60.14 Cu22.31 Fe4.85 Al9.7 Ag3 and the conventional Ti6Al4V alloy both had no obvious cytotoxicity to MG-63 cells. These results provided evidence that the new Zr-based bulk metallic glass could be potential replacement material for the orthopedic surgical implant.
Alloys ; Biocompatible Materials ; Cell Line ; Glass ; Humans ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Nickel ; Titanium ; Zirconium

Objective Using polysulfon fibers, a new bioartificial liver was developed. This study was to evaluate the efficacy of this bioartificial liver in the support of a disfunctioned liver. Methods Hepatocytes were procured from swine using Seglen′s methods. The bioartificial liver was constructed based on polysulfon bioreactor with a procurement of 10 10 hepatocytes, and was applied in 12 acute liver failure patients for 14 sessions. Each BAL treatment lasted 6 hours. The general conditions of the patients and the biochemical parameters were evaluated. Results After treatment with bioartificial liver, ammonia, prothrombin time and total bilirubin level significantly decreased (all P

OBJECTIVETo explore the expressions of HO-2 and CO in the corpus cavernosum of castrated rats in order to further study the pathogenesis of erectile dysfunction (ED).

METHODSWe randomly divided 72 male SD rats into four groups: normal control, sham operation, castration, and castration + ZnPP. We detected intracavernous pressure (ICP) and penile erection in the basic condition and after apomorphine (APO) induction, determined the expression of the HO-2 protein in the corpus cavernosum by laser scanning confocal microscopy, and measured the level of CO by spectrophotometry during different periods of penile erection.

RESULTSThe ICP in the basic condition and that after APO induction and the rate of penile erection were decreased significantly in the castration group ([11.68 ± 0.69] mmHg, [54.81 ± 3.86] mmHg, and 33.3%) and the castration + ZnPP group ([11.20 ± 0.71] mmHg, [41.17 ± 5.41] mmHg, and 22.2%) as compared with the normal control ([22.83 ± 2.66] mmHg, [66.92 ± 7.77] mm-Hg, and 100%) and the sham operation group ([23.35 ±2.22] mmHg, [70.43 ?7. 22] mmHg, and 100%) (all P <0. 01). After APO induction, ICP in the castration + ZnPP group was remarkably reduced in comparison with that in the castration group (P < 0.01), and so was the expression of the HO-2 protein before and during penile erection in the castration (445.4 ± 23.7 and 847.4 ± 35.0) and the castration + ZnPP group (390.1 ± 29.7 and 526.0 ± 52.5) compared with the normal control (512.7 ±57.4 and 1145.2 ± 89.8) and the sham operation group (583.7 ± 8.0 and 1016.3 ± 79.8), the expression of the HO-2 protein significantly decreased in the castration group (445.4 ± 23.7 and 847.4 ± 35.0) (P < 0.05 or 0.01), markedly lower in the castration + ZnPP than in the castration group during penile erection (P < 0.01) but with no significant differences among the four groups after it. Before, during and after penile erection, the levels of CO were remarkably decreased in the castration ([20.59 ± 1.01], [32.53 ± 1.26], and [18.71 ± 1.22] x 10(-7) nmol/L) and the castration +ZnPP group ([12.52 ± 1.05], [21.90 ± 1.02], and [16.56 ± 0.55] x 10(-7) nmol/L) as compared with the normal control ([26.76 ± 1.41], [48.25 ± 1.01], and [27.10 ± 1.58 ] x 10(-7) nmol/L) and the sham operation group ([25.41 ± 2.09], [ 47.90 ± 1.22], and [25.67 ± 1.20] x 10(-7) nmol/L) (P < 0.05 or 0.01), significantly lower in the castration + ZnPP than in the castration group during penile erection (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONDecreased expressions of HO-2 and CO may correlate with erectile dysfunction in castrated rats.

Animals ; Apomorphine ; pharmacology ; Carbon Monoxide ; metabolism ; Dopamine Agonists ; pharmacology ; Erectile Dysfunction ; etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Chaperones ; metabolism ; Orchiectomy ; Penile Erection ; drug effects ; Penis ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley