Objective To investigate and compare the features of the HIV-1-specific CTL responses among three HIV-infected groups with varied infection history. Methods Three HIV-infeeted groups were enrolled in this study, including two groups infected by blood transmission (one group has been infected for more than 10 years and the other for 1-2 years) and one group of the man who have sex with man. The HIV-1-specific CTL responses were quantified by an IFN-γ based ELISPot assay with a peptide matrix system containing overlapping peptides spanning the entire HIV-1 Clade B genomic consensus sequences. Results The responding rate of CTL responses against all 17 peptide pools among the group that infected 1-2 years,the group infected more than 10 years and the group of MSM were 40% ,65% ,23%. One way ANOVO analysis showed that the responding rate of CTL responses against all 17 peptide pools were statistical significant among the three groups (F=19.96, P＜0.01);the magnitude of CTL responses of the three groups were 0-5 835 SFCs/106 PBMC, 0-7 225 SFCs/106PBMC, 0-9 740SFCs/106pBMC, Kruskal-Wallis test showed that the magnitude of CTL responses were statistical significant among the three groups( H = 101.90 , P ＜0.01);the breadth of CTL were 7 ( 2-11 ), 11(9-14) and 4 (2-6) respectively and Kruskal- Wallis test showed that the breadth of CTL had no statistical significant among the three groups( H = 34. 75 ,P ＜0. 01 ). The sequence of responding rate, magnitude and breadth of CTL from high to low was the group that had been infected for more than 10 years, the group infected 1-2 years and the sex transmission group. The common characteristics of the CTL response among the three groups were that the responding rate and the magnitude of the peptide Nef and Gag was higher than other peptide's. The magnitude of CTL responses among three different CD4count groups (CD4 ＜ 200/μl, CD4 200-500/μl, CD4 ≥500/μl,) was 0-18 475 SFCs/106pBMC, 350-34 095 SFCs/106pBMC, 490-21 550 SFCs/106 PBMC and had no statistic difference among the three different CD4 groups(H=2.93, P=0.23) while the breadth of CTL was 3(0-8), 10(2-17), 10 (1-17)respoctively and the breadth of CTL was lower in the group of CD4 count less than 200/μl than the other two groups( H = 14. 72, P ＜ 0. 01 ). The magnitude of CTL responses among three different viral load (VL)groups (VL＜ LDL, LDL ＜ VL ＜ 1 × 104 copys/ml, VL≥1 ×104 copys/ml) was 490-18 475 SFCs/106pBMC, 0-24 115 SFCs/106pBMC, 770-34 095 SFCs/106 pBMC and had no statistic difference among the three different viral load groups ( H = 0.79, P=0.67) and the breadth of the three different viral load groups CTL was 8( 1-17), 11 (0-17), 8 (1-16) and Kruskal-Wallis test showed that there was no statistic difference among the three different viral load groups (H =5.27, P =0. 07). Conclusions All groups predominantly develope T cell immune responses against Nef and Gag proteins. With the elapse of HIV infection, the CTL responses are increased in both magnitude and responding rate. This information is important for vaccine development.

ObjectiveTo explore the clinical diagnosis and surgical treatment of primary retroperitonealneurilemoma(schwannoma). MethodsClinicaldataof 47patientsof primary retroperitoneal schwannoma admitted and surgically treated from January 1995 to December 2009 were retrospectivelly reviewed.ResultsAs diagnosed by pathology there were 36 cases of Benign schwannoma,with a median age at onset of 41years, among those 11 patients were symptomatic, and 25 were asymptomatic. There were 11 malignant 11 cases, the median age was 38 years, among those 6 patients were symptomatic, and 5 were asymptomatic. The positive diagnostic rate of preoperative CT and MRI were 36. 2％ ( 17/47 ) and 58. 3％ ( 7/12 ) respectively. Immunohistochemically positive rates of S-100 were 100％ and 81.8％(9/11) in benign and malignant group respectively.All cases underwent surgical treatment. Surgical resection rates for benign and malignant groups were 100％ and 90. 9％(10/11)respectively. There was no perioperative death, Overall 5-year survival rates were 100％ and 45.5％ for benign and malignant tumors groups respectively. In benign group 2 cases recurred, in malignant group 4 cases recurred, and 3 had distant metastasis.ConclusionsPrimary retroperitoneal schwannomas are less common. It is difficult to make an accurate preoperative diagnosis. Surgery is the most effective therapy.Prognosis is good for benign and poor for malignant retroperitoneal neurilemomas.

Summary: To determine the biological effects of extracelluar signal regulated kinase (ERK) specific inhibitor PD98059 on pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) activated by platelet-derived factor-BB (PDGF-BB), cultured rat PSCs were co-incubated at 37 ℃ for 24 h with 25 ng/ml PDGF-BB and different doses of PD98059 (ranging from 5 ng/ml to 40 ng/ml). Expression of pERK1 protein was detected by Western blot and collagen α1 (Ⅰ) mRNA was tested by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Our results showed that there were statistical differences in the expression of pERK1 protein in all groups. Expression of pERK1 protein was up-regulated in the group treated by PDGF-BB, and gradually down-regulated in the other groups treated by PD98059 of different doses. An excellent positive correlation was revealed between the inhibitory effect and PD98059 concentrations. It was also observed that the expression of collagen α1 (Ⅰ) mRNA had similar response to pERK1. The level of collagen α1 (Ⅰ) mRNA was the highest in the PDGF-BB group, and gradually reduced in the other groups treated by PD98059 of different doses. It is concluded that expression of pERK1 protein and collagen α1 (Ⅰ) mRNA was up-regulated in rat PSCs activated by PDGF-BB. Meanwhile, PD98059 could inhibit PSCs activation mediated by PDGF. It is suggested that ERK1 protein plays an important role on PSCs activation mediated by PDGF signal pathway.

Objective To summarize clinical characteristics of infradiaphragmatic craniopharyngioma and explore its prognosis factors. Methods The clinical date, imaging and follow-up findings were analyzed retrospectively in 58 pa?tients with infradiaphragmatic craniopharyngioma who underwent surgical operation in our hospital. Factors related to the postoperative quality of life of patients were analyzed using multi-factors Logistic regression analysis. Results There were 45 minor cases with infradiaphragmatic craniopharyngioma, of which forty cases (88.9%) had preoperative visual im?pairment. Preoperative endocrine examination revealed that 21 cases (46.7%) had pan-hypopituitarism and 24 cases (53.3%) had pari-hypopituitarism. In addition, preoperative MRI showed that 38 cases (84.4%) had tumor involvement in/on the saddle and the average tumor size was(4.53 ± 1.71)cm. There were 13 adult cases, of which 8 cases (61.5%) had preoperative visual impairment. Only 1 case (15.4%) had pan-hypopituitarism, 7 cases had pari-hypopituitarism and 5 cases had normal pituitary function. Ten cases (76.9%) had tumor involvement in/on the saddle and average tumor size was(2.92 ±1.18)cm. Multi-factors Logistic regression analysis revealed the patient's age (OR=0.090, P=0.090) and tu?mor size (OR=8.350, P=8.350), preoperative vision loss (OR=0.086, P=0.086), preoperative hypopituitarism (OR=0.198, P=0.198) were the relative factors affecting the quality of life. Conclusion Infradiaphragmatic craniopharyngioma is
more common in minor patients. The clinical features and prognosis are significantly different between minor patients and adult patients. Age, size of tumors, preoperative vision loss and hypopituitarism of patients are associated with poor prog?nosis.

The postpartum depression outcome and the effect of psychological intervention were studied in order to reduce the occurrence and development of the postpartum depression. A survey of 4000 women within 4-6 weeks postpartum in 80 communities in Shenzhen, China was performed using random cluster sampling method. By employing Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) as a screening tool, the positive women (defined as EPDS ≥10) were randomly divided into intervention group and control group at a ratio of 1:2. The women in the intervention group were treated by means of mailing postpartum depression prevention and treatment knowledge manual, face-to-face counseling, and telephone psychological counseling interventions aiming at individual risk factors, while those in the control group were treated with conventional methods. EPDS scores were assessed in these two groups again at 6th month postpartum. Totally, 3907 valid questionnaires were obtained. All the 771 positive women were divided into two groups: 257 in the intervention group, and 514 in the control group. At 6th month postpartum, the EPDS scores in the intervention group were decreased significantly, from baseline stage (12.84±3.02) to end stage (3.05±2.93), while EPDS scores in the control group were reduced from 12.44±2.78 to 6.94±4.02. There were significant differences in the EPDS scores at end stage between the two groups (t=13.059, P<0.001). Psychological intervention can reduce postpartum depression, with better maternal compliance. It is feasible and necessary to establish postpartum depression screening and psychological intervention model in community-hospital and include the postpartum depression screening, intervention, and follow-up into the conventional healthcare.

Objective: To investigate the impact and mechanism of NPM1 gene expression on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines. Methods: Human AML cell line U937 and HL-60 cells were transfected with NPM1 plasmid to establish stable clones, and the high NPM1 protein expression (NPM1^hi) clones were screened by Western blot. The cell proliferation was assayed by methylthiazolyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) , cell cycle and cell apoptosis by flow cytometric, cell colony formation by microscope count, the molecular pathways related to cell cycle by Western blot. The expression of NPM1 gene in primary AML bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMC) was investigated by RQ-PCR. Results: ①The proliferation of NPM1^hi U937 and HL-60 cells was similar with that of control cells (4.68±1.28 vs 3.89±0.81, 3.34±0.37 vs 2.68±0.29, P>0.05) . ②The percentage of S phase in NPM1^hi U937 and HL-60 cells was higher than that in control cells[ (50.22±3.42) % vs (39.78±3.80) %, (59.01±3.27) % vs (43.94±2.08) %, P<0.05]. ③The anti-apoptosis capacity and colony formation abilities of NPM1^hi U937 cells increased than that of control cells[ (68.8±10.2) % vs (48.7±3.22) %, and (772.7±24.0) vs (652.3±16.5) , P<0.05], but the above abilities of NPM1^hi HL60 cells were similar with that of control cells. ④ The expressions of CDK4, Cyclin D1, Cyclin D2 and Cyclin E in NPM1^hi leukemia cells were higher than that of control cells, but the expression of Cyclin D3 was lower. ⑤The NPM1 expression levels in AML patients with favorable cytogenetic prognosis were lower than that of patients with intermediate prognosis. Conclusions NPM1 protein could promote more cells to enter S phase, enhance the ability of antiapoptosis and colony formation in AML cell lines. The quantitative level of NPM1 may predict the cytogenetic risk of AML patients.

Adenoids ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Radiographic Image Enhancement ; methods ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; methods

Microalgae biodiesel can solve these problems currently of plants materials,such as:shortage of arable land,impact of climate change for production and to lead high crop prices and so on.Constructing "engineered microalgae" through transgenic technology,the microalgae have capacity of high growth,shorter periods of growth and several times higher oil production than terrestrial plants.Furthermore,sea water can be as its natural medium for industrial production.The advantages of microalgae biodiesel,current status and progress of researches on engineered microalgae as well as product technologies of microalgal biodiesel was introduced.

A highly sensitive and selective method was developed for both UV-vis spectrophotometric and fluo-rimetric determination of organophosphorus pesticides(OPs).This method used silver nanoparticles(AgNPs)modified with graphitic carbon nitride(g-C3N4).The AgNPs reduced the fluorescence intensity of g-C3N4.Acetylthiocholine(ATCh)could be catalytically hydrolyzed by acetylcholinesterase(AChE)to form thiocholine,which induces aggregation of the AgNPs.This aggregation led to the recovery of the blue fluorescence of g-C3N4,with excitation/emission peaks at 310/460 nm.This fluorescence intensity could be reduced again in the presence of OPs because of the inhibitory effect of OPs on the activity of AChE.The degree of reduction was found to be proportional to the concentration of OPs,and the limit of fluorometric detection was 0.0324 μg/L(S/N = 3).In addition,the absorption of the g-C3N4/AgNPs at 390 nm decreased because of the aggregation of the AgNPs,but was recovered in presence of OPs because of the inhibition of enzyme activity by OPs.This method was successfully applied to the analysis of parathion-methyl in real samples.

Abstract The concepts and theoretical mechanisms of interpersonal psychotherapy are discussed in detail. The review focuses on the effectiveness of interpersonal psychotherapy on depression among adolescents and the expansion of its applications. The feasibility of localized adapted interpersonal psychotherapy interventions in adolescent depression groups is proposed, to provide a reference for the applied practice of interpersonal psychotherapy.