Objective To investigate the status of urogenital Ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu) infection and their drug tolerance in our area,so as to guide rational administration for the clinic.Methods Mycoplasma culture and drug susceptibility test were performed for 771 patients with urogenital infaction. The culture,identification and drug resistance of mycoplasma were carried out with one complex mycoplasma kit.Results The positive rate of Uu was 49.9%. The proportional percentage of males was 12.5% and the Uu positive rate was 22.3%,for females,the proportional percentage and Uu positive rate was 87.5% and 60.6% respectively. The population aged 21-40 was susceptible to Uu infection. The most sensitive antibioties to Uu was clindamycin (95.12%),followed by doxycycline (87.57%) and roxithromycin (86.24%).Conclusion The difference of Uu drug sensitivty was significant in different areas. So it is necessary to select antibioties by drug sensitivity. Clindamycin,doxycycline and roxithromycin may are used as preferred antibioties in treating Uu infection in our area. The drug-resistance status of spectinomycin and lincomycin was serious.

OBJECTIVE To explore the situation of bacteriological examination in every clinical department,know distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria,and offer the help about diagnosis and reasonable using antibiotics.METHODS Using the Microscan A/S-4 to identify the microbes and microbial sensitivity tests according to pathogens from more than twenties clinical departments between 2004 and 2005.RESULTS The clinical delivering rate was low,and samples were dispersive.The samples mostly were sputum,pus,urine and blood,and their rate was 52.15%.The first three pathogenic bacteria were totally 13 kinds of species in all kinds of departments.The main pathogenic bacteria in the internal medicine such as in the department of respiration,department of gerontology,department of endocrinology and so on were mostly Klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli.The main pathogenic bacteria in department of neurosurgery,ICU,department of burn and department of trauma were mostly Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Acinetobacter baumannii/haemolyticus,Enterobacter cloacae and Staphylococcus aureus,These bacteria might lead to nosocomial infections in our hospital too.Their rate was 52% and drug-resistance was serious.A.baumannii/haemolyticus and E.cloacae were only sensitive to imipenem.P.aeruginosa was most sensitive to piperacillin/tazobactem and next to ceftazidime,amikacin and ciprofloxacin.CONCLUSIONS There are the serious phenomena that P.aeruginosa,A.baumannii/haemolyticus and E.cloacae are highly resistant to many antibiotics.We will much more attend and study it.The clinics must attend it and improve the delivering rates of cultured sample.

According to the theory of microscopic system reform in higher education, a total of 927 college students of different majors from Beijing University of Chinese Medicine were investigated by using SIMPP method. It indicated that through promoting the study of self-prepared, learning state and learning effect, students can enhance their learning ability of the admission acceptance. From the perspective of teachers, the students' self-study ability can be fully mobilized using individual person-alized teaching method. Then, the initiative of university education in the teaching and learning can be improved. Ultimately, the efficiency of student learning can be improved.

Interest in learning can not only stimulate students' enthusiasm for learning, but also directly affect the quality of higher education. In this paper, the questionnaire of the related factors of college students' interest was designed to carry out micro-system engineering research. The factors as-sociated with college students' interest in learning and their complex relationships were investigated by using methods of systems science and systems engineering. The results shows that the students who can actively participate in after-school learning discussions , feel good in lectures and have clear learning objectives, are interested in learning. And at the same time, the teacher's influence and his active guidance in classroom teaching will raise students' interest in learning. This study provides a more comprehensive basis and clues to improve students' interest in learning and education reform.

Objective To study the biodistribution of 131 I-2'-deoxy-1-β-D-arabinofuranosy1-5-iodouracil (FIAU) in the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion model and the expression of thymidine kinase (TK) gene in brain tissue after gene-modified stem cell transplantation,and thus evaluate the possibility of further noninvasive monitoring of stem cell transplantation therapy in cerebral infarction.Methods Adenovirus recombinant Ad5-TK-intemal ribosome entry site-brain derived heurotrophic factor-enhanced green florecent protein(IRES-BDNF-EGFP) carrying TK-IRES-BDNF gene was prepared.Cerebral infarction model was established in rats by intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion with nylon monofilament.Gene modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were transplanted via intraparenchymal route,lateral ventricle,carotid artery and tail vein,respectively.The normal rats were used as controls.131 I- FAU was prepared to be the tracer for biodistribution study and the ％ ID/g was calculated based on measurement of the tissue radioactivity counts.The expression of TK gene was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR (QR-PCR) and Western blot analysis.Data were analyzed with independent-samples t-test,one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test,and Pearson linear correlation test.Results The ％ ID/g of infarcted brain tissue in the intraparenchymal group was 0.124 ± 0.013,which was significantly higher than that in lateral ventricle group (0.052 ±0.004),carotid artery group (0.061 ±0.002),tail vein group (0.059 ±0.005) and control group (0.005 ±0.001) (t =2.913 - 5.652,all P＜0.05),while there were no statistically significant differences among the other route transplanted groups ( t =0.694 - 1.448,all P ＞ 0.05 ).The differences of ％ ID/g between the infarcted and contralateral sides of brain tissue in all transplanted groups were statistically significant (t =9.004 - 15.734,all P ＜ 0.05 ),while there was no statistically significant difference of this parameter between both sides of brain tissue in control group (t =1.511,P =0.182).The expression of TK gene in intraparenchymal group was significantly higher than other groups (t =7.482 -12.371,all P ＜0.05).The expression levels ofTK gene on QR-PCR showed a positive correlation with ％ID/g of the brain tissue ( r =0.971,P ＜ 0.001 ).Similarly,the ratio of TK/β-actin by the Western blot analysis correlated with the ％ ID/g ( r =0.899,P =0.002 ).Conclusion Intraparenchymal route may be the way of choice for cell transplantation therapy of cerebral infarction.If suitable radionuclide tracer is available,PET or SPECT may be potentially used for noninvasive monitoring of stem cell transplantation in cerebral infarction in vivo.

Abstract:Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is one of the most common liver diseases in the world. Long-term alcoholism causes a series of pathological changes in the liver, which eventually leads to the occurrence of liver diseases with an increasing incidence. At present, significant progress has been made in the pathogenesis and pathological development of alcoholic liver disease, but the relevant mechanism of ALD has not been thoroughly studied. It is necessary to improve the existing animal model or establish a new, more comprehensive animal ALD model to simulate human ALD. Experimental animal models of ALD, especially rodents, are often used to simulate human ALD, and the ideal rodent ALD model can effectively simulate all aspects of alcohol in human liver. But so far, the commonly used animal models all have certain defects, and there is no complete animal model that can simulate human ALD. This paper reviewed the pathogenesis of ALD, related methods and influencing factors of ALD model, and provided a theoretical basis for relevant researchers to establish the ALD rodent model. 

OBJECTIVETo evaluate incidence of postoperative delirium after hip surgery in elderly patients by meta-analysis.

METHODSFrom January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2013, clinical literatures about postoperative delirium after hip surgery in elderly patients,were searched from the Pubmed. Literature extract table were formed according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Stata-12.0 was applied for Meta-analysis. P was used to test heterogeneity of study, random-effect model was performed when I2 > 50%. Subgroup analysis was used according to stage of age, assessment scale of delirium and statistical area of literature. Begg test was used to test publication bias.

RESULTSTwenty-one literatures were included. Incidence of postoperative delirium after hip surgery in elderly patients by weighted and combination was 17% [95% CI (16%, 18%)]. Incidence of postoperative delirium after optional hip surgery was decreased more than emergency operation in included 5 literatures [OR = 0.32, 95% CI (0.22, 0.45)]. Incidence of postoperative delirium in patients less than 80 years old was 21% [95% CI (19%, 23%)], while 21% [95% CI (19%, 24%)] in patients more than 80 years old. Incidence of postoperative delirium in CAM evaluation scale was 23% [95% CI (21%, 26%)], while 19% [95% CI (17%, 21%)] in other evaluation scales. Incidence of postoperative delirium in Asian area was 17% [95% CI (15%, 20%)], while 23% [95% CI (21%, 25%)] in European and American area. There was no publication bias tested by Begg test (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONIncidence of postoperative delirium after hip surgery in elderly patients increases higher, especially in emergency operation. A standardizing research method is benefit for evaluate incidence of postoperative delirium after hip surgery in elderly patients, decreasing heterogeneity and publication bias.

Aged ; Delirium ; epidemiology ; Hip Fractures ; surgery ; Humans ; Incidence ; Postoperative Complications ; epidemiology ; Publication Bias

NDV strain ZJ1 strain , a highly virulent NDV strain, has been prevalent among the waterfowls in China mainland in the past years. Multi-basic amino acid sequence distribute in the protease cleavage site of F protein of this strain. Recombinant expressing plasmid pCI-FT, was generated by converting multi-basic amino acid sequence of 112, 115, 117 of the protease cleavage site of F_ 0 protein, to the non-basic amino acid sequence characteristic of avirulent NDV strain. The result from co-expression of mutant or parental F protein with homologous HN protein in COS-1 cells revealed that both mutant and parental F protein had fusion activity. The result from co-expression of mutant or parental F protein with homologous HN protein in CEF cells showed that the cleavage activity of mutant F protein was significantly reduced. The study built a foundation for mutagenesis of amino acid sequence of the protease cleavage site of F_ 0 protein at the full-length cDNA clone level, study on factors contributing to virulence and construction of candidate vaccine strain, and so on.

Objective To explore the changes of pathogens and antibiotic susceptibility in a respiratory ward.Methods All pathogens isolated from patients in a respiratory ward from 2001 to 2005 and the drug susceptibility results were retrospectively analyzed.For patients with more than 1 isolates of the same species, only the first strain of pathogen was included for analysis. The isolation and identification procedure was based on guidelines for national clinical laboratories.The susceptibility test was performed by disk diffusion method.WHONET 5.3 software was used for statistical analysis.Results A total of 876 strains were analyzed.The majority was gram negative bacteria.MRSA prevalence was 72.4% and showed a trend of increase.No vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus or Enterococcus was detected.Streptococcus pneumoniae was highly resistant to macrolides.The non-sensitivity rate to penicillin was 25.5%-66.7% over years.The resistance rate to levofloxacin was 22.2%-27.3%.Enterobacter and Acinetobacter baumannii showed stable susceptibility to imipenem.ESBLs-producing Esche- richia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae accounted for 33.3%-38.9% and 14.3%-19.2% respectively.P.aeruginosa strains were relatively susceptible to ceftazidime, amikaein, cefoperazone-sulbactam, imipenem, piperacillin-tazobactam and cefepime. The sensitivity rate was 87%, 82.6%, 78.3%, 73.9%, 73.9% and 71.4% respectively in 2005.Conclusions The changes of pathogens and antibiotic resistance in the respiratory ward were consistent with the surveillance data in this country, which were influenced by underlying diseases, severity of illness and antibiotic use.Our data are useful for the guidance of rational use of antibiotics.

Objective To study the immediate effect of applying a portable functional electrical stimulation device (PUEFESD) to the upper extremities of stroke patients.Methods Twenty stroke survivors were selected.Pairs of electrodes of the PUEFESD were applied on the dorsal and palm sides of the affected forearm and thenar to stimulate the extensors and flexors as well as the thenar muscles sequentially according to a programmed protocol.Functional evaluation was conducted before and immediately after the stimulation.All participants were assessed with regard to their motor function and performance in the activities of daily living using an upper extremity function test (UEFT),the upper extremity motor function portion of the Fugal-Meyer assessment (FMA),and rating with the modified Barthel index (MBI).A visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to evaluate pain in the affected upper extremity.Results The patients' average FMA score was 19.4 ± 7.1 before the stimulation and 30.4 ± 9.6 after.The corresponding UEFT scores were 3.6 ± 3.7 and 26.9 ± 5.9,and the average MBI scores were 53.8 ± 26.2 and 65.8 ± 17.7.All of these increases were statistically significant.The average VAS score,however,did not change significantly.Conclusions Functional electric stimulation can quickly improve upper extremity function and the ADL ability of stroke patients,but pain is not relieved significantly.