Vitamin C precusor-2-keto-L-gulonic acid can be prepared directly by mixed culture of Ghiconobacter oxy-dans SCB329 and Guconobacter subaxydans SCB110. To obtained its high yield, firstly, the proportion of the two micro- organisms, the ingredients of medium and the initial pH were optimized in shake flaskd, then L9 (34) orthogonal experiment confirmed that urea, C. S. L had high degree statistical meaning. Based on these data, an optimized fermentation media was obta ined: D-Sorbitol 9g, C. S.L1.5g, Urea1.5g, KH2PO40.1g, CaCO30.2g. By-product can be inhabited to the greatest extent and the yield increases by 20%.

OBJECTIVETo identify enterovirus 71 (EV71) strains isolated from patients with hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Guangdong and Fujian provinces from 2000 to 2001 by using phylogenetic analysis.

METHODSAll 25 samples were first tested for enteric viruses by RT-PCR using enterovirus specific primers EV-1 and EV-2, and then were identified for EV71 by RT-PCR using EV71 specific primers 159S and 162A. The amplicons of 485bp segment (part of the VP1 gene) were cloned into pGEM-T and sequenced. A phylogenetic tree was constructed by comparison of the sequences with other 12 EV71 strains isolated from China, Japan, Hungary, and the United States including the prototype BrCr.

RESULTSThe positive rate of EV71 was about 20%. The sequence analysis showed that the new isolate (GZH2000) shared 94%-96% nucleotide identity with three strains isolated in 1998 and 2000, and 91% with a strain isolated in 1987 from Chinese mainland, but shared only 82%-84% homology with EV71 isolates studied abroad.

CONCLUSIONSEV71 is one of the important pathogens of HFMD in south China. The strains isolated from mainland were closely related with most isolates from Taiwan, but different from most EV71 strains reported abroad. The symptoms of EV71 infection in mainland were not as intensive as those described in Taiwan's outbreak.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Enterovirus ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease ; virology ; Humans ; Infant ; Phylogeny ; Sequence Analysis ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid

OBJECTIVETo study neuro-protective effect of naomaitong on brain damage after focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion (I/R) in the aged rats.

METHOD11 groups of 20-22-month old SD rats were subjected to 3 hours of middle cerebral artery occlusion with the intraluminal filament technique, followed by 12 hours of reperfusion. Nervous symptom, oedema of brain, infarct size, morphology and superfine structure of brain, etc were monitored thoughout cerebral ischemia and reperfusion.

RESULTInfarct size of brain in ischemia and reperfusion groups were significantly greater. Oedema of it was higher, nervous symptom of it was more serious, and morphology and superfine structure brain were more obvious than those of sham-operated group. Nervous symptom, oedema of brain, infarct size, morphology and superfine structure of brain in treated groups were ligher than those of untreated groups (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONNaomaitong can protect brain damage after focal cerebral I/R in the aged rats.

Age Factors ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; drug effects ; Brain ; pathology ; Brain Ischemia ; complications ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Male ; Neuroprotective Agents ; pharmacology ; Panax ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Pueraria ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Rheum ; chemistry

BACKGROUNDIntratracheal instillation of blood induces self-repaired acute lung injury. However, the mechanism of repair has been unclear. Heme-oxygenase (HO)-1, which catalyzes heme breakdown, acts as an inducible defense against oxidative stress and plays an important role in inflammation. The objective of this study was to test the role of HO-1 in lung injury caused by intratracheal instillation of red cells.

METHODSForty healthy, male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: normal group, saline group, erythrocyte group, erythrocyte+zinc-protoporphyrin (ZnPP, HO-1 inhibitor) group and saline+ZnPP group. At 2 days after intratracheal instillation of red cells, lung tissues and lavage samples were isolated for biochemical determinations and histological measurements.

RESULTSHistological analysis revealed that administration of ZnPP worsened the acute lung injury induced by instilled erythrocytes. HO-1 was over-expressed in the erythrocyte group and in the erythrocyte + ZnPP group. Compared with the erythrocyte + ZnPP group, the levels of total protein, lactate dehydrogenase and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the lavage were lower (P < 0.01), while the level of interleukin-10 was higher in the erythrocyte group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONHO-1 protects against erythrocyte-induced inflammatory injury in lung.

Animals ; Erythrocytes ; physiology ; Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) ; analysis ; physiology ; Interleukin-10 ; analysis ; Lung ; pathology ; Lung Injury ; prevention & control ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; analysis

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of the measurement of serum Golgi protein 73 (GP73) in the diagnoeis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the serum GP73 in the 81 cases of HCC,71 cases of chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis (CH/LC) and 65 cases of healthy blood donors,and to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of HCC through the ROC curves.Results The average levels of serum GP73 in HCC,CH/LC and Normal groups were ( 152.67 ± 33.59 ) ng/ml,( 93.15 ± 20.02 ) ng/ml and ( 58.95 ± 17.29 ) ng/ml.After calculating through the ROC curves,120 ng/ml was set as the optimal cut-off point,GP73 has a sensitivity of 77.80％ and a specificity of 78.00％.Conclusions GP73 as a serum marker in the diagnosis of HCC had a higher sensitivity than AFP,and the combined detection of GP73 and AFP could improve HCC diagnosis,.

Objective To analyze the injuries after the earthquake with otorhinolaryngology symptoms and the characteristics of with iniuries and to provide some information when dealing with similar disasters in the future. Methods The basic information of earthquake-related iniuries with otorhinolaryngology symptoms was collected in 11 large and medium-sized hospitals (including foreign medical teams) in Mianyang City and the surrounding four hard-hit counties.Their characteristics were analyzed together. Results There were 289 patients that have otorhinolaryngology symptoms in the 11 included hospitals, among them there were 217 cases have deftnite records that could be analyzed.The data showed that damage to ear and head and neck injuries as the main symptoms was large proportion of injuries suffer multiple fractures and soft tissue injuries such as skin abrasions.Nose injury and facial fractures were also common.Orbital fracture and eye damage could be combined occurred.Brain injury and skull fractures often occurred while trachea and throat injury was rare happened. Conclusions Different disaster cause different damage.After the establishment of disaster-related injuries in professional spectrum more active and effective could be behaved in life rescue and the arrangement of personnel and material when dealing with similar situations.

OBJECTIVETo compare and evaluate the clinical value among transperitoneal, retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy and open adrenalectomy for the treatment of adrenal tumours.

METHODSFrom January 1996 to June 2002, transperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy (TLA) was performed for 19 cases, 17 cases were successful (Group A), retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy (RLA) for 21 cases, 19 cases were successful (Group B), during the same period 41 patients with adrenal tumours under 6 cm in diameter underwent open adrenalectomy (Group C). The procedure was evaluated and compared in the respects of tumors weight, operation time, blood loss, recovery time of GI function, hospital stay, complications transferable rate and indications among three groups.

RESULTSAverage tumors weight was (13.86) g in group A, (15.66) g in group B and (18.03) g in group C; mean operating time: group A was 17.21 min longer than group B, group A. B was 48.53 min longer and 31.32 min longer han group C respectively, mean blood loss in group A. B was less diminished by 121.55 ml and 137.05 ml than group C, and the blood loss in group B was less diminished by 15.50 ml than group A; mean recovery of Gl function, group A and B was 1.87 day and 2.17 day earlier than group C respectively, group B was 0.3 day earlier than group A, mean hospital stay was 2.60 day and 3.87 day shorter than group C, group B was 1.27 day shorter, than group A; transferable rate of operation was 10.5% (group A) and 9.5% (group B). Postoperative complication rate was 10.5%, 14.3% and 9.7% in group A. B and C respectively.

CONCLUSIONSTLA and RLA were better than open method. On the hand of approach to adrenal gland disturbs to abdominal organ and postoperative recovery on RLA have some slight advantage.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms ; surgery ; Adrenalectomy ; methods ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; methods ; Laparotomy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; prevention & control ; Retroperitoneal Space ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

AIM To establish HPLC fingerprints of Zhihuang Tongfeng Decoction (Phellodendri chinensis Cortex,Anemarrhenae Rhizoma,Plantaginis Semen,etc.) and to determine the contents of four constituents.METHODS The analysis of aqueous extract of this drug was performed on a 30 ℃ thermostatic Wondasil C18 column (4.6 mm ×250 mm,5 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of acetonitrile-0.5％ acetic acid in a gradient elution manner,and the detection wavelength was set at 245 nm.RESULTS There were sixteen common peaks in the HPLC fingerprints of ten batches of samples with the similarities of more than 0.9.Berberine hydrochloride,mangiferin,geniposidic acid and salvianolic acid B showed good linear relationships within the ranges of 0.636 2-3.575 μg (R2 =0.9999),0.338-1.425 μg (R2 =0.9990),0.6452-2.7188 μg (R2 =1) and0.938 8-5.275 μg (R2 =0.999 3),whose average recoveries were 100.56％,98.35％,100.25％ and 102.11％ with the RSDs of 2.41％,1.17％,1.24％ and 2.02％,respectively.CONCLUSION This accurate,reliable and specific method can be used for the quality control of Zhihuang Tongfeng Decoction.

OBJECTIVETo study the changes of intracellular interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) expressions in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) at different stages, and to examine the correlation between IL-6 and IFN-gamma in ALL children.

METHODSThe levels of intracellular IL-6 and IFN-gamma in venous blood lymphocytes were detected by flow cytometry in 42 children with ALL at diagnosis and at remission stage. Twenty healthy children were used as the controls.

RESULTSThe intracellular IL-6 level in ALL children at diagnosis was 81.74+/-9.31, which was much higher than that in the Control group (5.67 +/- 0.96 ) (P < 0.01). The intracellular IFN-gamma level in ALL children (1.31 +/- 0.32) was significantly lower than that in the Control group (1.46 +/- 0.49) (P < 0.01). However, the intracellular IL-6 level (27.52 +/- 3.40) decreased remarkably in ALL patients at remission stage (P < 0.01), but was still higher than that in the Control group (P < 0.01). In contrast, the intracellular IFN-gamma level (1.97 +/- 0.72) increased noticeably in ALL patients at remission stage, which was higher than that at diagnosis and the Control group (P < 0.01). A negative correlation was found between the intracellular IL-6 and the IFN-gamma levels in ALL patients (r=-0.476, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSIntracellular IL-6 and IFN-gamma levels may be used as the markers for monitoring the response to treatment in ALL patients. There is a negative correlation between intracellular IL-6 and IFN-gamma levels in ALL children.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma ; blood ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; chemistry ; Male ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; immunology

BACKGROUNDLittle attention has been paid to the role of subcortical deep gray matter (SDGM) structures in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)-induced cognitive impairment, especially hippocampal subfields. Our aims were to assess the in vivo volumes of SDGM structures and hippocampal subfields using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to test their associations with cognitive performance in T2DM.

METHODSA total of 80 T2DM patients and 80 neurologically unimpaired healthy controls matched by age, sex and education level was enrolled in this study. We assessed the volumes of the SDGM structures and seven hippocampal subfields on MRI using a novel technique that enabled automated volumetry. We used Mini-Mental State Examination and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores as measures of cognitive performance. The association of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) with SDGM structures and neuropsychological tests and correlations between hippocampal subfields and neuropsychological tests were assessed by partial correlation analysis in T2DM.

RESULTSBilaterally, the hippocampal volumes were smaller in T2DM patients, mainly in the CA1 and subiculum subfields. Partial correlation analysis showed that the MoCA scores, particularly those regarding delayed memory, were significantly positively correlated with reduced hippocampal CA1 and subiculum volumes in T2DM patients. Additionally, higher HbA1c levels were significantly associated with poor memory performance and hippocampal atrophy among T2DM patients.

CONCLUSIONSThese data indicate that the hippocampus might be the main affected region among the SDGM structures in T2DM. These structural changes in the hippocampal CA1 and subiculum areas might be at the core of underlying neurobiological mechanisms of hippocampal dysfunction, suggesting that degeneration in these regions could be responsible for memory impairments in T2DM patients.

Aged ; CA1 Region, Hippocampal ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Female ; Hippocampus ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Memory Disorders ; etiology ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Neuropsychological Tests