Objective To explore the differential diagnostic significance of clone analysis for multicentric occurrence (MO) and intrahepatic metastasis (IM) in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs).Methods Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and microsatellite instability (MSI) were analyzed by microsatellite polymorphism test and the integration sites of HBV were assessed by Southern blot in each nodule of the HCCs. The clonalities were then compared between each nodule of the same patient and the diagnosis of MO or IM was concluded. Finally, the results based on clonality analysis were compared with those according to clinicopathological and imaging data. Results According to the results of LOH and MSI in 79 nodules and nontumorous tissue from 35 cases of mutiple HCCs, 5 (14.3%)and 29 cases (82.9 %) were divided into MO and IM, respectively. Both MO and IM presented simultaneously in 1 patient (2.9%). The integration sites of HBV could be analyzed in 77 nodules from 34 multiple HCCs. Among them, 6 (17. 6%) and 27 cases (79.4%) were divided into MO and IM, respectively. Both MO and IM presented simultaneously in 1 patient (2.9%). The classification results of microsatellite polymorphism test and HBV integration sites analysis demonstrated a significant positive correlation (rs = 0.909, P＜0.001). Nevertheless, neither the classification of microsatellite polymorphism test nor that of HBV integrate sites analysis was correlated with the discrimination according to clinicopathologic and imaging data (rs=0. 133, P=0. 468, rs =0. 262, P=0. 155, respectively). Recurrence in patients in the MO group occurred significantly later than that in IM cases who were diagnosed by clonality analyses (P=0. 001). Conclusion The clonality analysis based on the results of LOH and MSI or assessments of HBV integrate sites is useful for the differential diagnosis of MO and IM and their treatment and prognosis.

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the formulation of Dimemorfan phosphate tablets. METHODS:Using 60 min dissolution rate of dimemorfan phosphate as index,L9(34) orthogonal test was used to optimize the amount of starch,microcrystalline cellu-lose,croscarmellose sodium and concentration of HPMC E5 solution. The friability,hardness,60 min dissolution rate and main component were detected. The similarity of dissolution curves of Dimemorfan phosphate tablets was compared with that of imported tablets in 0.1 mol/L hydrochloric acid,pH 6.8 phosphate buffer,water and pH 4.0 acetate buffer. RESULTS:The optimized formu-lation of Dimemorfan phosphate tablet(1 000 tablets)was composed of dimemorfan phosphate 10 g,starch 60 g,microcrystalline cellulose 40 g,10% HPMC E5 solution and croscarmellose sodium 25 g. The friability,hardness,60 min dissolution rate and main component of 3 batches of Dimemorfan phosphate tablets prepared by optimized prescription were 0.42%-0.58%,9.8-10.5 kg,94.89%-96.21% and 99.21%-99.52%,respectively. In 4 dissolution mediums,similar factors f2 of dissolution curves between prepared tablets and imported tablets were above 50. CONCLUSIONS:Dimemorfan phosphate tablets were prepared successfully. The optimized formulation is rational. The dissolution behavior of prepared tablets is similar to that of imported tablets in vitro.

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of single and double locking compressing plates(LCP)treatment for Schatzker type Ⅵ tibial plateau fractures.Methods Patients(n=90)with Schatzker type Ⅵ tibial plateau fractures were randomly divided into two groups according to the treatment methods (single LCP group and double LCP group;45 patients in each group) and analyzed retrospectively.Operative duration,intraoperative bleeding volume,postoperative wound infection,Rasmussen anatomical score and functional score were measured and compared between the two groups.Results More favorable results were achieved in the single LCP group than in the double LCP group in operative duration [(51.4 ± 4.03)h vs.(76.2±5.5)h(t=24.514,P＜0.001)]and intraoperative bleeding volume[(173.7±8.8) ml vs.(212.4 ± 4.9) ml (t =25.911,P ＜ 0.001,respectively)].Further more,three cases of postoperative woundin fection were seen in the double LCP group,while none was observed in the single LCP group.There was no significant difference in the percentage of satisfactory Rasmussenanatomical scores and functional scores between the two groups one year afteroperation(~ =-0.442,P=0.659).Conclusions Compared with double LCP fixation,single LCP fixation is more advantageous for the treatment of Schatzker type Ⅵ tibial plateau fractures.

Objective To investigate the effect of chymase on the proliferation of rat cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and the role of transforming growth factor-?1 (TGF-?_1).Methods Cultured CFs of neonatal SD rats were isolated by trypsinization.Cell number and DNA synthesis were evaluated by MTT assay (A_(490) value) and [~3H]-deoxythy- midine [~3H]-TdR incorporation.The mRNA expression of TGF-?_1 in CFs was determined by RT-PCR.Results Chymase increased CFs numbers and [~3H]-TdR incorporation in a dose-dependent manner.The A_(490) value of CFs stimulated by 15,30 and 60 ng/mL chymase was 0.263?0.033,0.348?0.031 and 0.387?0.026,respectively, which were all significantly higher than that of control (0.201?0.019,P

To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of tripterygium glycosides (TG) combined with ACEI/ARB preparation in treating diabetic nephropathy stage IV. The computer retrievals were made in Cochrane Libarary, PubMed, Embase, SCI, Sinnomed, CNKI, Chinainfo and VIP, and hand retrievals were conducted for meeting and academic papers (updated to December 30, 2014), in order to collect randomized controlled trials and quasi-randomized control trials for TG combined with ACEI/ARB preparation in treating diabetic nephropathy stage IV and set the literature inclusion and elimination standards. Eligible literatures were included and evaluated according to standards in Cochrane Handbook. RevMan 5.3 and Stata 12.0 were used for a Meta-analysis. A total of 13 randomized controlled trials and quasi-randomized control trials involving 1119 patients with diabetic nephropathy were included. The Meta analysis result showed that compared with the control group, the combination group showed better effects in reducing the 24-hour urinary protein [MD = -0.84, 95% CI (-1.02, -0.66)], raising albumin [SMD = 0.98, 95% CI (0.81, 1.16)], the total efficiency [OR = 4.23, 95% CI (2.77, 6.46)] and the significant efficiency [OR = 5.35, 95% CI (2.70, 10.60)], with no statistical difference in Serum Creatinine between Both groups [MD = -0.82, 95% CI (-4.30, 2.66), P = 0.64]. However, the risk of adverse reactions increased by 7% [RD = 0.07, 95% CI (0.03, 0.12)]. The Egger's test showed no publication bias. Tripterygium Glycosides combined with ACEI/ARB in treating diabetic nephropathy stage IV is supper than the single administration of ACEI/ARB, with a good prospect in clinical application. Nevertheless, due to the small-size and low-quality samples in this study, more high-quality and large sample-size randomized controlled trials shall be conducted to verify the findings.
Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists ; administration & dosage ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ; administration & dosage ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; drug therapy ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Glycosides ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Tripterygium ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Chinese medicine and pharmacy (CMP) on the mortality of senile HIV/AIDS patients as adjunctive therapy.

METHODSHIV/AIDS patients of a certain rural area of Hanna Province, who were recruited in national CMP HIV treatment trial program (NTCMTP) in 2004, were enrolled as the CMP treatment group. HIV/AIDS patients in the same village without recruiting in NTCMTP were enrolled as the non-CMP treatment group. Data related to subjects were collected from the database of NTCMTP and National HAART Reporting System. Multiple regression analysis under Cox proportional hazard model was applied to examine the risk factors for death of senile HIV/AIDS patients.

RESULTSA total of 436 HIV/AIDS were enrolled in this study, 204 in the CMP treatment group and 232 in the non-CMP treatment group. There were 70 AIDS-relative deaths in the CMP treatment group, with 8-year mortality rate of 37.74%. There were 111 AIDS-relative deaths in the non-CMP treatment group, with 8-year mortality rate of 48.34%. The 8-year mortality rate was higher in the non-CMP treatment group than in the CMP treatment group (chi2 = 5.136, P < 0.05). Results of univariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed the hazard ratio in the non-CMP treatment group was 1.41 times that of the CMP treatment group (P < 0.05). Result of multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed the hazard ratio in the non-CMP treatment group was 1.44 times that of the CMP treatment group (P < 0.05). Besides, gender and marital conditions were significantly associated with death of HIV/AIDS patients.

CONCLUSIONCMP treatment was favorable to lower the mortality rate of senile HIV/AIDS patients, and its objective evaluation awaits for further prospective study.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; drug therapy ; mortality ; Alzheimer Disease ; therapy ; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; Communicable Diseases ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; HIV Infections ; drug therapy ; mortality ; Humans ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors

In the present study, packaging system composed of pAAV-CMV-GFP, pAAV-RC and pHelper were transfected into human embryonic kidney 293 cells (HEK293 cells) mediated by polyethyleneimine (PEI) to explore an optimal transfection condition. Different total plasmid DNA dosages (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 μg) and different PEI/Plasmid ratios (1:1, 3:1, 5:1, 7:1) were tested with detection of green fluorescence protein (GFP) with ImagePro Plus6. 0 Software. Then transfection efficiency of the optimized transfection system was further observed for different time periods(12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72 h). The results showed that total plasmid dosage of 4 μg/well with PEI/plasmid ratio of 3 : 1-5 : 1 was an efficient transfection condition. Transfection efficiency-time curve was an S-shaped curve. Transfection efficiency reached a plateau at 60 h after transfection. The optimized conditions for PEI-mediated transfection at the optimal time result in enhanced transfection efficiency of triple plasmid into HEK293 cells.
Green Fluorescent Proteins ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Plasmids ; Polyethyleneimine ; Transfection ; methods

Objective To compare the clinical results of percutaneous compression plating (PCCP)and Trigen short reconstruction intramedullary nail for intertrochanteric hip fractures. Methods During 2005 and 2008, the patients suffered with AO/OTA Al and A2 intertrochanteric hip fractures were divided into two groups; 36 fractures were treated with PCCP and 48 fractures with Trigen short reconstruction nail.During an average of (16.3±3.2) months follow-up, clinical evaluation involved visual analogue scale(VAS)score for pain in the 1st week, the 1st month, the 3rd month, the 6th month and the 12th month, and a Harris hip score one year post operation. Radiographs were examined for fracture healing-time, displacement scale of the neck screws and fracture impaction scale. All the complication in both groups was recorded. Results There were no difference in blood loss and operation time in both groups. The postoperative pain was significantly lower in the PCCP group in the initial three months after the surgery. Larger scale of fracture impaction and screw telescoping were seen in PCCP group. Also shorter healing time, higher Harris score results were achieved in PCCP group than those of Trigen short reconstruction nail group. Four peri-implant fractures occurred in Trigen short reconstruction nail group, which included one in the greater trochanter and three in the femoral shaft, but only one case need revision for bone displacement. In PCCP group, it was found that the superior neck screw was slightly displaced for tendency to cut-out in one patient. Conclusion Both PCCP and Trigen short reconstruction intramedullary nail can be successfully used to treat Al and A2 intertrochanteric hip fractures with minimal invasive technique. And the PCCP showed more rapid pain relief and bone healing, easily bony reduction and fewer complications.

A new thermophilic fungus J18 isolated from the soil samples was identified as Paecilomyces thermophila. This strain produced effectively xylanase utilizing several lignocellulosic materials in the solid-state fermentation (SSF) , and wheat straw was the best carbon source. The results of single-factor-experiment showed that the wheat straw of particle size 0. 3 mm ~ 0.45 mm, initial moisture content of 83% , initial pH of 7. 0 and cultivation temperature of 50℃were the optimal conditions for xylanase production. Under the optimized conditions, it produced 18 580 U/g dry substrate after 8 days of cultivation. Therefore, xylanase production by Paecilomyces thermophila in SSF possess great potential for commercial applications.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of body weight supported treadmill training (BWSTT) for the recovery of walking ability and comprehensive function after thoracolumbar spinal cord injury (SCI).Methods Sixty patients with SCIs in a thoracolumbar segment were assigned to a treatment group or a control group with 30 in each.Both groups received similar conventional rehabilitation training,but the patients in the treatment group were additionally treated with BWSTT (30 to 40 min,once daily,5 d/week,30 days for a course,a total 3 courses).The American Spinal Injury Association lower-extremity motor function assessment (ASIA),a functional comprehensive assessment (FCA),the walking ability assessment from the FCA (WA) and the modified Barthel index (MB1) were used in the assessment of the two groups before and after treatment.Results There were no significant differences in the two groups＇ average ASIA,FCA,WA or MBI results before treatment.After treatment ASIA,FCA,WA and MBI scores had all increased significantly in the treatment group compared with before treatment,and were significantly higher than in the control group.Conclusion As a supplement to conventional rehabilitation,BWSTT can improve walking ability and comprehensive function significantly after thoracolumbar spinal cord injury.