Traditionally, a novice ear doctor acquires the skillfully operative ability through dissecting cadaveric temporal bone in ear surgical training lab. For conceivable reasons donated bodies are always short in supply, virtual reality-based simulator provides a new model for surgical training. It has been proven that the simulator is a useful tool for surgical training. And it can be used in the rehearsal of operation procedures, real-time operation guidance, and remote surgery. Our design is different from the existing virtual surgical system. It has a parallel, distributed multi-workstation with the vivid three-dimensional model of temporal bone, and it can be used not only to learn the ear surgical skills in the virtual environment, but also preoperative plan and surgical consultation.
Ear Diseases ; surgery ; Microsurgery ; methods ; Otolaryngology ; education ; User-Computer Interface

The present paper outlined pesticide registration status for traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) and summarized the characteristics of pesticide contamination in different regions of some widely used TCMs by retrieving last 10 years' literatures. At present, the problems of pesticide residues for TCM include less pesticide registrations, widespread high-residue organochlorine pesticides contamination, pesticide abuse, irregular GAP bases and imperfect pesticide limit standards, etc. According to the current situation, we should adopt some control measures to strengthen the quality control of TCMs so as to ensure the safety of TCMs and related products.
Animals ; China ; Drug Contamination ; prevention & control ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Pesticide Residues ; analysis ; Registries

Objective To explore the relationship between the genesis of dyskinesia and the degree of substantia nigra lesion in Parkinson disease(PD).Methods The hemi-parkinsonian rat model was established by injecting 6-OHDA stereotaxically to right medial forebrain bundle(MFB). Then the hemi-parkinsonian rat was injected intraperitoneally with levodopa methylester(25 mg?kg~(-1)?d~(-1),twice a day)for 21 days,the abnormal involuntary movements were estimated.After being sacrificed,the midbrain was removed,and the injured degree of dopaminergic neurons at substantia nigra was observed by tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry staining.The relationship between the abnormal involuntary movement scores and dopaminergic neurons loss at substantia nigra was evaluated by sigmoid equation analysis by using Excel software.Results The apomorphine-induced rotation rate above 7 r/min was found in 10 of 25 rats,those rats were regarded as successful hemi-parkinsonian model rats.After the treatment with levodopa methylester,8 of 10 rats displayed abnormal involuntary movements,including stereotype and contralateral rotation,the types of movements varied.Abnormal involuntary movements were appeared in the rats with dopaminergic neurons loss above 90%.The positive relationship was observed between the degree of lesion in substantia nigra and the severity of abnormal involuntary movements.Conclusions The severe loss of dopaminergic neurons at substantia nigra probably plays a role in the development of levodopa-induced dyskinesia in patient with Parkinson disease.

Objective To investigate cellular and behavioural effects of 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8- OH-DPAT in a rat model of levodopa-induced motor complications.Methods The hemi-parkinsonian rat model was produced by stereotaxically injecting 6-OHDA to right medial forebrain bundle(MFB).Two sets of experiments were performed.First,rats were intrapefitoneally treated with levodopa 50 mg/kg plus benserazide 12.5 mg/kg twice a day for 22 days.On day 23,rats intraperitoneally received either 8-OH- DPAT(1 mg/kg)or 8-OH-DPAT plus WAY-100635(0.1 mg/kg)or dissolvent with each levodopa dose as controls.In the second set,rats were intraperitoneally treated either with levodopa(50 mg/kg)plus 8-OH- DPAT(1 mg/kg)or levodopa 50 mg/kg plus dissolvent,administered twice daily for 22 consecutive days. Rotational duration and frequency of off period were estimated.After sacrificed,subcellualr distribution of GluR1 and GluR1Ser845 phosphorylation was observed by Western blot.Results 8-OH-DPAT,reversing the shortened rotational duration induced by levodopa,prolonged the rotational duration by 27.8%?6.1% and reduced the frequency of failures to levodopa by 7.2%?1.7%.Co-administration of WAY-100635,a 5-HT1A receptor antagonist,with 8-OH-DPAT eliminated the effect of 8-OH-DPAT on motor complications, indicating that the observed 8-OH-DPAT responses were probably mediated via the 5-HT1A autoreceptor. Moreover,8-OH-DPAT could regulate subcellular distribution of GluR1 and reduce hyperphosphorylation of GluR1 Ser845 by 22.1%?3.5%,which was closely associated with levodopa-induced motor complications. Conclusions These results suggest that pharmaceuticals stimulating 5-HT1A receptors could be useful in the treatment and prevention of the motor complications in parkinsonian patients.

Objective To study the diagnostic values of X-ray,CT and MRI for the hip joint lesion of the patient with ankylosing spondylitis (AS).Methods Totally 180 AS patients underwent the examinations of X-ray,CT and MRI from January 2014 to December 2015,and the hip joint lesion,clinical features and the efficacies of the three imaging techniques were observed.Results The rates for positive findings were 69.44％,71.11％ and 72.22％ respectively by X-ray,CT and MRI,and more than 90％ patients had the lesions occurred at the bilateral hip joints simultaneously.Hip joint lesion of AS had the imaging features of bone marrow and joint space changes,which related to the disease progress closely.Early positive signs consisted of medial joint space narrowing by X-ray,rear joint space narrowing by CT as well as bone marrow fat deposition (BMFD) and bone marrow edema (BME) by MRI.Conclusion X ray,CT and MRI all gain their advantages when used to diagnose the hip joint lesion of AS.X-ray behaves well in early diagnosis of medial joint space narrowing,while have disadvantages in displaying soft tissues and minute structures when compared with CT and MRI.CT displays the minute structure of hip joint clearly,and is not so good at soft tissue resolution as MRI.MRI gains the highest resolution for displaying soft tissues in the three techniques,and can show BMFD,BME and etc which can not be revealed by X-ray and CT.

Objective Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Reinhartdt and Sea Capsule (RSC) combined with donepezil (experimental group) compared with donepezil (control group) in treatment of Alzheimer's disease.Methods The randomized controlled trials (RCT) of reinhartdt and sea capsule combine with donepezil in treatment of Alzheimer's disease were searched from Pubmed,VIP,CNKI,CBM,and Wangfang detabase by computer.Deadline from January 2000 to February 2017.References of included studies were also retrieved,extracted data,and assessed the methodological quality.Then,Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.0 software.Results A total of eight RCTs were included,including 605 patients with insomnia.Meta-analysis results showed that compared with control group,experimental group MMSE score [P＜0.001,MD=2.69,95％CI(1.46,3.92)],ADAS-Cog score [P＜0.001,MD=-4.54,95％CI(-5.64,-3.43)] and ADL score [P＜0.001,MD=-3.60,95％CI(-4.53,-2.66)],the difference was statistical;There was no signficant difference between two group in the incidences of adverse effect [P=-0.94,OR=1.02,95％CI(0.63,1.66)].Conclusion RSC combined with donepezil showed better efficacy for Alzheimer's disease,yet without increasing adverse effect rate as compared with donepezil alone.

Objective To investigate whether adiponectin plays a role in the protection of myocardium in the rat myocardial ischemia preconditioning (IPC) model. Method Infarct size was measured by Masson's Trichrome staining, the expression of protein and mRNA of adiponectin at 0, 6, 12 and 24 h after IPC was examined by immunohistochemistry and quantitative real time RT-PCR, plasma levels of adiponectin at above mentioned four time points after IPC were detected by ELISA in IPC and MI rats. Result Infarct size was smaller in IPC than in MI rats (20% ±2% vs. 31% ±3%, P＜0. 05). The expression of adiponectin mRNA at 6 h and 12 h after IPC was 2. 2 and 2. 1 times higher than in Sham rats at respective time points (P ＜ 0. 05 ). Immunohistochemistry staining evidenced increased adiponectin expression in the ischemic area and weak expression of adiponectin in non-ischemic area ( P ＜ 0. 05 ).Compared to the sham group, the plasma level of adiponectin increased significantly at 0, 6 and 12 h after IPC (0 h:7.40 ±0.47 vs. 10.90 ±1.74;6 h: 8. 18 ±1.41 vs. 10.98 ±1.74;12 h:6. 97±1.02 vs. 9. 31 ±0. 96, P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusion IPC reduced infarction size, upregulated the myocardial expression of adiponectin at mRNA and protein levels, and increased plasma adiponectin concentration, suggesting that the adiponecitn may play a critical role in the protective effect of IPC.

OBJECTIVETo investigate and evaluate different surgical methods applied in living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT).

METHODSFifty patients with end-stage liver disease received LDLT in our department between January 1995 and March 2006. The data were analyzed on a retrospective basis. The choice of different surgical methods, strategies applied to ensure the safety of donors and indications of LDLT in the series were reviewed.

RESULTSAll donors recovered uneventfully. Among the 50 patients, 47 recipients presented with end-stage cirrhosis, 3 patients suffered from malignant tumor. To date, 6 recipients died after LDLT, among them, 3 recipients died of the operation and the other 3 recipients died of long-term complications. Resected donor livers included 9 cases of segments V, VI, VII and VIII (not including the middle hepatic veins) and 1 case of segments V, VI, VII and VIII (including the middle hepatic veins), 36 cases of segments II, III and IV (including the middle hepatic veins) and 4 cases of segments II, III, and part of IV (not including middle hepatic veins).

CONCLUSIONSLDLT helps tackle the problem of donor shortage in the world. The process is complicated, and it is very important to choose appropriate surgical methods for the improvement of surgical achievement and donor safety.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infant ; Liver Cirrhosis ; surgery ; Liver Neoplasms ; surgery ; Liver Transplantation ; methods ; Living Donors ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of anti-interleukin-17 antibody in the treatment of plaque psoriasis.

METHDOSRandomized controlled trials (RCT) of anti-interleukin-17 antibody (Secukinumab, Brodalumab, and Ixekizumab) in the treatment of plaque psoriasis published between January, 2000 and March, 2017 were searched from PubMed, Cochrane Library, EBSCO, EMbase, CBM, CNKI, VIPdetabase, and Wangfang database. The quality of the retrieved trials was evaluated and the results of studies were analyzed using RevMan 5.0 software.

RESULTSThirteen RCTs were included involving a total of 11 203 patients. Meta-analysis showed a significant differences between anti-interleukin-17 antibody and placebo (or positive drug) in terms of PASI75 and sPGA (P<0.05). The total incidence of adverse events differed significantly between anti- interleukin-17 antibody and placebo, but no significant differences were found between them in the incidence of serious adverse events and discontinuation rate due to adverse events (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONAnti-interleukin-17 antibody is safe and effective for treatment of plaque psoriasis.

OBJECTIVETo assess the feasibility of [(18)F]fluoroerythronitroimidazole ((18)F-FETNIM) with integrated positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET-CT) imaging in detection of hypoxia in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.

METHODSForty-two patients with newly diagnosed NSCLC underwent (18)F-FETNIM PET-CT before treatment. Nineteen patients rested for approximately 120 minutes before undergoing PET-CT, 23 patients underwent 2 sequential PET-CT scans at 60 minutes and 120 minutes after intravenous injection (18)F-FETNIM. (18)F-FETNIM uptake was quantified by calculating the maximum standardized uptake value in the tumor (SUVmax-T) and contralateral normal lung tissue (SUVmax-N). Regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn in the tumor and contralateral position and the radioactivity ratio of tumor to normal (T/N) was calculated.

RESULTSSUVmax-T (2.43 +/- 1.34) was significantly higher than SUVmax-N (0.87 +/- 0.46, P < 0.001) at 120 min. SUVmax-T (2.80 +/- 1.09) and SUVmax-N (1.16 +/- 0.56) at 60 min were significantly higher than SUVmax-T (2.61 +/- 1.10) and SUVmax-N (P < 0.01) at 120 min. T/N (2.56 +/- 0.71) at 60 min was higher than that at 120 min (2.48 +/- 0.60), but the difference between them was not significant (P = 0.324).

CONCLUSIONOur results indicate that (18)F-FETNIM PET-CT may be a useful tool for evaluating hypoxia and may be a means to target specifically tumor cells resistant to conventional treatment before and during ongoing therapy in NSCLC.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Cell Hypoxia ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nitroimidazoles ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; methods ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed