Objective To explore the activation and apoptosis of peripheral blood lymphocytes(PBLs) in children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura(HSP) and the effects of triptoIide(TP) on them. Methods The changes of activation and apoptosis were observed on cultured PBLs in children with HSP and healthy controls ,and the effects of TP were compared respectively. Expression of CD3, CD25 and apoptosis rate of PBLs were assayed with flow cytometry. Results The percentage of CD3+ CD25+ cell was significantly higher (P

Objective Comparing the effect of different anesthetic inductions in pediatric pa-tients undergoing bronchial foreign body removal.Methods Thirty pediatric patients,aged 9-58 months,undergoing emergency bronchial foreign body removal,were randomly into 3 groups (n=10 each):group sevoflurane (group S),group propofol (group P),and group ketamine (group K).Pa-tients in group S were inducted with sevoflurane 8% inhalation,group P with propofol 2.5 mg/kg in-travenous injection,group K with ketamine 5 mg/kg intramuscular injection.Three groups of pa-tients breathed spontaneously during operative period and received topical anesthesia of lidocaine be-fore the placement of rigid bronchoscopy.Combination of intravenous target-controlled infusion of propofol (target plasma concentration of 3-3.5 μg/ml)and remifentanil (target plasma concentration of 2-3 ng/ml)was used for maintenance of anesthesia.The rigid bronchoscopy was inserted after pre-oxygenation for 3 min.Rigid bronchoscopy was performed and the placement time,the first place-ment successfully rate,hypoxemia and side effects as well as postoperative awaking time were recor-ded.Results The first placement successfully rate,group S 90%,group P 70%,group K 40%,with significant difference among three groups (P<0.05).The incidence of side effects were not signifi-cant difference in three groups;In group S and group P,the placement time and the anesthesia awa-king time was significant shorter than that in group K (P<0.05).Conclusion Compared with propo-fol intravenous induction and ketamine intramuscular induction,the high concentration sevoflurane in-duction can provide faster induction,shorter waking time,and reduceside effects in childen undergo-ing bronchial foreign body removal.

Adolescent ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18 ; Female ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion ; genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Sarcoma, Synovial ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Soft Tissue Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Translocation, Genetic ; Vimentin ; metabolism

mRNAs of alpha-adrenoceptor (α-AR) subtypes are found in neurons in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and change after peripheral nerve injury. In this study, the distribution of α-AR subtype proteins was studied in L5 DRG of normal rats and rats with chronic constriction injury of sciatic nerve (CCI). Using immunofluorescence technique, it was found that α1A-, α1B-, and α2A-AR proteins were expressed in large, medium, and small size neurons in normal DRG, and significantly increased in all size neurons 14 days after CCI. α1D- and α2C-AR was also expressed in all size neurons in normal DRG. However, α1D-AR was significantly increased and α2C-AR was decreased in small size neurons 14 days post CCI. α2B-AR neurons were not detectable in normal and CCI DRG. Co-expression of α1A- and α2A-AR in the same neuron was observed in normal DRG and increased post CCI. Collectively, these results indicated that there is distinct distribution of α-AR subtypes in DRG neurons, and the distribution and levels of expression of α-AR subtypes change differently after CCI. The up-regulation of α-AR subtypes in DRG neurons may play an important role in the process of generating and transmitting neuropathic pain.

To further explore the result of bilingual teaching in pediatrics,we randomly chose 200 undergraduates of 4 class and released students'questionnaires about bilingual teaching with teaching content before and after class to assess students'understanding of bilingual teaching and analysed appraisal result.We found no significant difference of student score between students accepting bilingual teaching and not accepting the bilingual teaching,but there was difference for English tests and expression level.So we think that students can fully accept the bilingual teaching of pediatrics under the premise with selecting appropriate teaching methods and means.

AIMAcetylcholine(ACh) is a neurotransmitter and a potent vasodilator in many vascular beds. ACh hyperpolarizes the smooth muscle cells(SMCs) of arteries including the cochlear spiral modiolar artery(SMA) via an endothelium-dependent mechanism, but the biochemical and biophysical basis of the hyperpolarization and vasodilation remain unclear and controversial.

METHODSUsing intracellular recording techniques and an in vitro preparation of the SMA, the ionic mechanism of the hyperpolarization and a possible role of nitric oxide(NO) were investigated.

RESULTSWith 5 mmol/L K(+) in the bathing solution and a minimum longitudinal tension, ACh (0.1-10 micromol/L) induced a robust hyperpolarization in low RP cells but caused a depolarization in the high RP cells. The ACh hyperpolarization was fast in onset and offset and the amplitude was concentration-dependent(22 and 30 mV by 1 micromol/L and 10 micromol/L ACh, respectively, n = 7 ). ACh also hyperpolarized the cells that initially had a high resting potential (RP) but were pre-depolarized by Ba(2+) (50-100 micromol/L). The onset time courses of the hyperpolarization were often slower in these cases than those without the presence of Ba(2+) . The ACh-induced hyperpolarization was blocked by atropine (0.1- 1 micromol/L, n = 6) or DAMP (50 -100 nmol/L, n = 6, a selective M3 antagonist) and also by BAPTA-AM (10 micromol/L, n = 7, a membrane-permeable Ca(2+)-chelator), or charybdotoxin plus apamin (50-100 nmol/L, n= 4, Ca(2+) -activated K(+) -channel blockers), but not by Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 300 micromol/L, n = 8, an inhibitor of NO-synthase), glipizide (10 micromol/L, n = 4, ATP-sensitive K(+) -channel blocker) and indomethacin (10 micromol/L, n = 4, cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor).

CONCLUSIONIt is concluded that ACh-induced hyperpolarization in the arterial SMCs is primarily due to an activation of calcium-activated potassium channels via M3 receptors of endothelial cell and is independent of NO-release in the spiral modiolar artery.

Acetylcholine ; physiology ; Animals ; Arteries ; Cell Polarity ; physiology ; Cochlea ; blood supply ; physiology ; Guinea Pigs ; Membrane Potentials ; physiology ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; metabolism ; physiology ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Potassium Channels, Calcium-Activated ; metabolism ; Receptor, Muscarinic M3 ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the expression of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor ? (PPAR?) in trophoblast and relation between PPAR? ligands and trophoblast invasion.Methods We examined the expression of PPAR? by immunohistochemistry,immunocytochemistry and real time quantitative PCR.We next examined,using the cytotrophoblast culture model,the biological role of PPAR? ligands in vitro.Results PPAR? was mainly localized in the nuclei of villous cytotrophoblast and extravillous cytotrophoblast of cell islands and cell columns.In villous tissue and cultured trophoblast from early first trimester,the level of expression of PPAR? mRNA and protein was 36.0?5.1,13.4?3.1 and 1.35?0.08,1.13?0.11;from late first trimester it was 23.3?5.5,6.1?1.3 and 1.17?0.03,0.86 ?0.05,and the expression of PPAR? was obviously decreased (P

AIMCCK is one of the strongest endogenous anti-opioid substances and suppresses morphine tolerance which results from long term use of morphine. This study explores the modulatory effect of CCK on pain formalin-induced.

METHODSThe effect of formalin-induced pain on CCK immunoreactivity in rat sensory neurons was observed through immunohistochemistry technique.

RESULTSAfter 1 h of subcutaneous injection of formalin in one paw of rats, the number of positive neurons of CCK immunoreactivity in spinal cord neurons was obviously increased and greater than that of non-injection side (P <0.01). The semi-quantitative optical density average values of CCK immunoreactivity neurons were 0.397 +/- 0.014 and 0.295 +/- 0.007 in injection side and non-injection side respectively, the difference was obvious (P < 0.01). After 3 h of subcutaneous injection of formalin in one paw of rats, the semi-quantitative optical density average values of CCK immunoreactivity neurons were 0.366 +/- 0.009 and 0.303 +/- 0.005 in injection side and noninjection side respectively, the difference was significant (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONFormalin-induced pain can significantly change semi-quantitative optical density average value of CCK immunoractivity in spinal cord neurons, this indicates CCK participates in modulation of pain.

Animals ; Cholecystokinin ; metabolism ; physiology ; Female ; Formaldehyde ; Male ; Neurons ; metabolism ; Pain ; chemically induced ; physiopathology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, Cholecystokinin ; metabolism ; physiology ; Spinal Cord ; metabolism ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo explore the modulatory effect of niflumic acid and blocker of calcium channel on the desensitization of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)-activated currents in dorsal root ganglion(DRG) neurons from rat.

METHODSThe whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to observe the modulatory effect of niflumic acid and blocker of calcium channel on the desensitization of GABA-activated currents in neurons freshly dissociated from rat DRG neurons.

RESULTSApplication of GABA (0.1-1 000 micromol/L) could induce concentration-dependent inward currents in some cells (212/223, 95.11%). GABA-(100 micromol/L) activated currents was (1.32 +/- 0.74) nA (n = 84). However, pre-application of niflumic acid (1-100 micromol/L) and nitrendipine (specific blocker of L-calcium channel)(0.1-30 micromol/L) could inhibit the GABA-activated inward current which was identified to be GABAA receptor-mediated current. The inhibitory effects of niflumic acid and nitrendipine were concentration-dependent. The suppression rate of 10 micromol/L niflumic acid and nitrendipine to GABA-activated currents were (31.60% +/- 4.87%) (n = 19) and (43.60% < or = 5.10%) (n = 5), respectively. The desensitization of GABA-activated currents had double exponential characteristic. Tau value was (14.68 +/- 5.11) s (n = 6) and (175.8 +/- 42.67) s (n = 6, r = 0.9647), respectively. Pre-application of niflumic acid (100 micromol/L) and nickel chloride (nonspecific blocker of L-calcium channel) (100 micromol/L) altered tau value of the desensitization of GABA-activated currents, tau value reduced for (4.64 +/- 2.21) s (n = 3), (43.70 +/- 14.34) s ( n = 3, r = 0.9548) and (4.64 +/- 2.21) s (n = 3), (43.70 +/- 14.34) s (n = 3, r = 0.9721).

CONCLUSIONPre-application of niflumic acid exerts a more strong inhibitory effect on the peak value of GABA-activated current, which possibly is through blocking the calcium-activated chloride ion channel to accelerate the desensitization of GABA-activated currents.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Calcium Channel Blockers ; pharmacology ; Calcium Channels, L-Type ; drug effects ; Ganglia, Spinal ; drug effects ; physiology ; Membrane Potentials ; drug effects ; physiology ; Neurons ; drug effects ; physiology ; Niflumic Acid ; pharmacology ; Nitrendipine ; pharmacology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo explore the modulatory effect of niflumic acid (NFA) on gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)-activated currents of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons in rat.

METHODSThe whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to record the NFA- and GABA-activated currents in neurons freshly dissociated from rat DRG neurons.

RESULTSApplication of NFA(0.1 - 100 micromol/L) could induce concentration-dependent outward currents in some cells (21/48,43.75%), and GABA (0.1 - 100 micromol/L) could induce concentration-dependent inward currents in some cells(150/159,94.32%). NFA-(100 micromol/L) and GABA-(100 micromol/L) activated currents were (0.27 +/- 0.06) nA (n = 12) and (1.29 +/- 0.72) nA (n = 53) respectively. However, pre-application of NFA (0.1 - 100 micromol/L) could inhibit the GABA-activated inward current which was identified to be GABAA receptor-mediated current. The inhibitory effects of NFA were concentration-dependent. NFA could not alter the EC50 (about 30 micromol/L) and inverse potential (about -10 mV) of GABA-activated current (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONPre-application of NFA exerts a more strong inhibitory effect on the peak value of GABA-activated current.

Animals ; Cell Separation ; Cells, Cultured ; Ganglia, Spinal ; drug effects ; physiology ; Neurons ; drug effects ; physiology ; Niflumic Acid ; pharmacology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ; metabolism