Abstract Frailty is a clinical state characterized by increased vulnerability due to the decline of multiple organ functions. It is clinically manifested as slow movement, reduced activity, low energy level and involuntary weight loss. Frailty heightens the risk of disability, long-term hospitalization and mortality in the elderly when they face stressful events. Early assessment of frailty and personalized interventions can prevent and delay its progression, thereby reducing the occurrence of adverse events. This article reviews the literature on frailty published both domestically and internationally from January 2015 to January 2024. It provides an overview of the tools for assessing frailty in the elderly, such as the Clinical Frailty Scale, Frailty Index, Fried Frailty Phenotype, FRAIL Scale, and biological markers, and the management of frailty, including exercise, nutritional interventions, oral health management, and medication management, so as to provide the evidence for early assessment and intervention of frailty.

Objective To study the causes of rehematomas after operations of traumatic hematomas of perisylvian area.Methods The causes of 50 cases of rehematoma after operation were analyzed retrospectively.Results The big hematoma in primary contusion and laceration of brain happened in 19 cases(38%),delayed epidural hematoma in opposite side in 15 cases(30%),increased intracerebral hematoma in 9 cases(18%),epidural hematoma in primary area in 3 cases(6%),subdural hematoma caused by postoperative lumbaropuncture in 3 cases(6%),hematoma in encephalonecrosis in 1 case(2%).Conclusion Insuitable operation and hemostasis are the main causes of rehemorrhage,and fracture line in the opposite side,and thrombocytopenia are high risk factors of rehematoma.

Objective To study the effect of sandalwood essential oil on isolated ileum smooth muscle of guinea pigs and the small intestine movement function of mice.Methods We used the experiment method of isolating ileum smooth muscle of guinea pigs and intestine propulsion of carbon ink in mice.We constructed the models of healthy mice,neostigminetrested mice and adrenaline-loaded mice.Results Sandalwood essential oil had an inhibitory effect on the spontaneous movement of guinea pigs isolated ileum and an antagonistic action on intestinal spasm caused by acetylcholine,histamine and barium chloride(P

Objective To construct the eukaryotic expression plasmid of pEGFPC1uPAR gene and explore the effect on the proliferation and invasion ability of Pam 212 cells. Methods The human uPAR cDNA was cloned by PCR, and inserted into the eukaryotic expression plasmid pEGFPC1. After identification of sequencing, the reconstructive plasmid was transformed transiently into Pam 212 cells, then the cell growth and the invasion ability were evaluated. Results The reconstructive plasmid of pEGFPC1uPAR was validated by sequencing. The reconstructive plasmid can promote the growth of Pam 212 cells and enhance the invasion ability. Conclusion The pEGFPC1uPAR plasmid was constructed successfully and uPAR was confirmed to promote the growth and the invasion ability of Pam 212 cells, which lay the foundation for further studies of uPAR in vivo.

OBJECTIVE:To systematically review the efficacy and safety of the Bushen huoxue lishi category TCM compound in the treatment of chronic prostatitis,and provide evidence-based reference for clinical treatment. METHODS:Retrieved from VIP Database,Wanfang Database,CJFD and CBM,randomized controlled trials(RCT)about Bushen huoxue lishi category TCM com-pound preparation (test group) versus conventional Western medicine (control group) in the treatment of chronic prostatitis were collected. Meta-analysis was performed by Rev Man 5.3 software after data extraction and quality evaluation. RESULTS:Totally 22 RCTs were enrolled,involving 1 863 patients. Results of Meta-analysis showed the total effective rate [OR=4.46,95%CI(3.40, 5.84),P<0.001],total scores of chronic prostatitis symptoms[MD=-3.62,95%CI(-5.21,-2.04),P<0.001] and lecithin count [MD=7.58,95%CI(2.15,13.01),P=0.006] in test group were significantly higher than control group,prostatic fluid white blood cell count [MD=-1.68,95%CI(-3.26,-0.10),P=0.04] was significantly lower than control group,with significant differenc-es. CONCLUSIONS:Bushen huoxue lishi category TCM compound has good efficacy in the treatment of chronic prostatitis.

AIM: To observe the surgical effects of the taumatic lens subluxation and cataract after manual fragmentation and emulsification of nucleus and foldable intraocular lens implantation.
METHODS: A 3. 0mm tunnel limbus incision was operated through the predicted bulbar conjunctiva and sclera on 26 cases ( 26 eyes ) with taumatic lens subluxation ( suspensory ligament rupture range less than 120 ) and cataract (Ⅰ ~ Ⅲ) . And after the manual fragmentation and emulsification of nucleus, foldable intraocular lens was implantated. Intraocular lens loop was imbedded in the middle of the lens zonular ligament breakup to reset the pouch. The surgical complications and postoperative vision changes were observed.
RESULTS:Three month after operation, 22 eyes had a intraocular lens centric position taking up 85% of the whole. Four eyes had a slightly eccentric position ( 1 ~2mm), taking up 15% of the whole. 21 eyes had their visual acuity 0. 5~0. 8, taking up 81% of the whole. Five eyes of visual acuity was 0. 2~0. 8. Within 24h intraocular pressure of 12 eyes (46%) after operation were elevated, and returned to normal after 2~7d. There was no severe complication during operation and postoperation.
CONCLUSION: The manual fragmentation and emulsification of nucleus and foldable intraocular lens implantation of the traumatic lens subluxation and the cataract through the 3. 0mm corneal sclera limbus tunnel incision is a simple and effective surgery.

Objective To investigate the safety and efficiency of thoracic laminectomy with dekyphosis for thoracic myelopathy due to multi-segmental ossification of the posterior ligaments.Methods The clinical data of five cases of thoracic myelopathy due to multi-segmental ossification of longitudinal ligaments who were surgically treated in our hospital between August 2012 and March 2013 were retrospectively analyzed,among which two were male and the other three were female,with an average age of 52 (range,45-56) years old.The pre-operative duration ranged from 2 months to 6 years.All five cases were suffering from progressive bilateral partial paraplegia with an average preoperative JOA score 3.8 (range,3-6),an average segment-number of ossification of the posterior ligaments 7.6 (range,5-10),and also an average segment-number of 5.0 (range,2-10) ossification of the ligamentum flavum.All the five cases showed different kyphosis at the stenotic area of thoracic spine,with an average kyphotic angle (Cobb) of 35.8° (range,22°-56°).Their pre-operative Japanese Orthopaedic Association score (JOA) was 3.8 averagely (range,3-6).Clinical features,operation time,blood loss,perioperative complications and postoperative outcome were recorded.Results The segment number of laminectomy of these five cases was 8.2 averagely.The segment number of dekyphosis was 2 for 2 cases and 1 for the other 3 cases,with a average dekyphotic degree of 7.8° (range,2°-15°).The average operation time was 6.3 hours (range,5.5-7.0 hours) and the average blood loss was 3900 ml.The perioperative complications included cerebrospinal fluid leakage in 4 cases who were treated conservatively,and epidural hematoma in 1 case who underwent reoperation for removing the hematoma.All cases were followed up for 21 to 27 months,and their average final JOA score was 10,with an average recovery rate of 85.6％,and a rate of excellent or good was 100％ by the modified Epstein standard.Conclusion The result of thoracic laminectomy combined with dekyphosis for thoracic myelopathy due to multi-segmental ossification of longitudinal ligaments is quite satisfying,however this procedure is demanding with a long operation time,a huge blood loss and a high complication rate.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility,safety and efficacy of surgical treatment of the thoracic and thoracolumbar disc herniations through the posterior far lateral approach,Methods From April 2005 to June 2010,24 consecutive patients with thoracic or thoracolumbar disc herniations were treated surgically,using the posterior far lateral approach.There were 15 males and 9 females with the mean age of 53.6 years old(range,25-69 years).The levels of herniated discs were located in T4-s,T5-6,T6-7 for 1 case,in T9-10 for 1 case,in T10-11 for 2 cases,in T10-11,T11-12,T12L1 for 1 case,in T11-12 for 3 eases,in T11-12,T12L1 for 3 cases,in T12L1 for 4 cases,in T12L1,L1-2 for 3 cases,and in L1-2 for 6 eases.There were one level disc herniation in 16 cases,two levels disc herniation in 6 cases and three levels disc herniation in 2 cases.16 out of 24 cases had "bony protrusions",including bony separation of the endplate,bony spur,disc calcification or OPLL.The average preoperative Cobb angle of localized kyphosis was 10.5°.According to the Frankel grading system,5 cases were classified as C,16 as D,and 3 as E,preoperatively.Results Average operation time was 3.5 h(2.0-4.5 h),and mean blood loss was 800 ml(300-4000 ml).Postoperative localized kyphosis was an average of 4.6°,with average correction rate of 56.2%.24 cases were followed up for 1 to 62 months,with an average of 18 months.According to Japanese Orthopaedic Association(JOA)criteria system,there were 12 cases(50.0%)with excellent outcome,9 cases(37.5%)with good outcome,and 3 cases(12.5%)with fair outcome.The postoperative Frankel grading were C for 1 case,D for 2 cases,and E for 21 cases.There were no complications intraoperatively and postoperatively.The symptoms were improved in all patients.Conclusion By using "safe triangular zone" and dekyphosis stabilization,the posterior far lateral approach was a relatively safe,reliable,effective and better view surgical procedure for the treatment of the thoracic and thoracolumbar disc herniations.

Urotensin II (U II ) is currently the most potent vasoconstrictor. G-protein coupled receptor 14 ( GPR-14) is its specific receptor. This review mainly discribes the structure and distribution of U II and GPR14, the activities that U II and GPR14 stimulates proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and vasoconstriction, as well as its mechanism.
Animals ; Arteriosclerosis ; etiology ; Humans ; Hypertension ; etiology ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; chemistry ; metabolism ; physiology ; Urotensins ; chemistry ; metabolism ; physiology ; Vasoconstrictor Agents ; chemistry ; metabolism ; pharmacology

Objective To explore the value of mast cell tryptase and brain natriuretic peptide(BNP)in the differential diagnostic of sudden death due to hypersensitivity and coronary atherosclerotic heart dis-ease.Methods Totally 30 myocardial samples were collected from the autopsy cases in the Department of Forensic Pathology, Shanxi Medical University during 2010—2015. All samples were divided into three groups:death of craniocerebral injury group, sudden death of hypersensitivity group and sudden death of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease group, 10 cases in each group. Mast cell tryptase and BNP in myocardium were detected by immunofluorescence staining and Western Blotting.Results Immunofluo-rescence staining showed that the positive staining mast cell tryptase appeared in myocardium of sudden death of hypersensitivity group and coronary atherosclerotic heart disease group. Among the three groups, the expression of mast cell tryptase showed significantly differences through pairwise comparison(P<0.05); The expression level of BNP in sudden death of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease group were significantly higher than the sudden death of hypersensitivity group and death of craniocerebral injury group(P<0.05). The difference of the expression level of BNP between the sudden death of hypersensitivity group and the death of craniocerebral injury group had no statistical significance(P>0.05).Conclusion The combined detection of the mast cell tryptase and BNP in myocardium is expected to provide help for the forensic differential diagnosis of sudden death due to hypersensitivity and coronary atherosclerotic heart disease.