PURPOSE: This study presents the 2014 nationwide cancer statistics in Korea, including cancer incidence, survival, prevalence, and mortality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cancer incidence data from 1999 to 2014 was obtained from the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database and followed until December 31, 2015. Mortality data from 1983 to 2014 were obtained from Statistics Korea. The prevalence was defined as the number of cancer patients alive on January 1, 2015, among all cancer patients diagnosed since 1999. Crude and age-standardized rates (ASRs) for incidence, mortality, prevalence, and 5-year relative survivals were also calculated. RESULTS: In 2014, 217,057 and 76,611 Koreans were newly diagnosed and died from cancer respectively. The ASRs for cancer incidence and mortality in 2014 were 270.7 and 85.1 per 100,000, respectively. The all-cancer incidence rate has increased significantly by 3.4% annually from 1999 to 2012, and started to decrease after 2012 (2012-2014; annual percent change, –6.6%). However, overall cancer mortality has decreased 2.7% annually since 2002. The 5-year relative survival rate for patients diagnosed with cancer between 2010 and 2014 was 70.3%, an improvement from the 41.2% for patients diagnosed between 1993 and 1995. CONCLUSION: Age-standardized cancer incidence rates have decreased since 2012 and mortality rates have also declined since 2002, while 5-year survival rates have improved remarkably from 1993-1995 to 2010-2014 in Korea.
Humans ; Incidence* ; Korea* ; Mortality* ; Prevalence* ; Survival Rate

PURPOSE: This study described the 2013 nationwide cancer statistics in Korea, including cancer incidence, survival, prevalence, and mortality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cancer incidence data from 1999-2013 were obtained from Korea National Cancer Incidence Database and followed until December 31, 2014. Mortality data from 1983-2013 were obtained from Statistics Korea. The prevalence was defined as the number of cancer patients alive on January 1, 2014 among all cancer patients diagnosed since 1999. Crude, and age-standardized and 5-year relative survival rates were also calculated. RESULTS: In 2013, a total of 225,343 and 75,334 Koreans were newly diagnosed and died from cancer, respectively. The age-standardized rates for cancer incidence and mortality in 2013 were 290.5 and 87.9 per 100,000, respectively. The age-standardized cancer incidence rate increased 3.1% annually between 1999 and 2013. However, the overall cancer incidence rates have decreased slightly in recent years (2011 to 2013). The age-standardized rate for all-cancer mortality has decreased 2.7% annually since 2002. Overall, the 5-year relative survival rate for people diagnosed with cancer between 2009 and 2013 was 69.4%, which represents an improved survival rate as compared with 41.2% for people diagnosed between 1993 and 1995. CONCLUSION: Age-standardized cancer incidence rates have decreased between 2011 and 2013; mortality rates have also declined since 2002, while 5-year survival rates have improved remarkably from 1993-1995 to 2009-2013 in Korea.
Humans ; Incidence* ; Korea* ; Mortality* ; Prevalence* ; Survival Rate

PURPOSE: This study presents the 2015 nationwide cancer statistics in Korea, including the incidence, survival, prevalence, and mortality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cancer incidence data from 1999 to 2015 was obtained from the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database and followed until December 31, 2016. Mortality data from 1983 to 2015 were obtained from Statistics Korea. The prevalence was defined as the number of cancer patients alive on January 1, 2016, among all cancer patients diagnosed since 1999. Crude and age-standardized rates (ASRs) for incidence, mortality and prevalence and 5-year relative survivals were also calculated. RESULTS: Herein, 214,701 and 76,855 Koreans were newly diagnosed and died from cancer in 2015, respectively. The ASRs for cancer incidence and mortality in 2015 were 258.9 and 82.0 per 100,000, respectively. The overall cancer incidence rate has increased significantly by 3.4% annually from 1999 to 2012, and started to decrease after 2012 (2012-2015, annual percent change, −6.1%). However, the overall cancer mortality has decreased 2.7% annually since 2002. The 5-year relative survival rate for patients diagnosed with cancer between 2011 and 2015 was 70.7%, an improvement from the 41.2% for patients diagnosed between 1993 and 1995. CONCLUSION: Age-standardized cancer incidence rates have decreased since 2012 and mortality rates have declined since 2002; however, the 5-year survival rates have improved remarkably from 1993-1995 to 2011-2015 in Korea.
Humans ; Incidence* ; Korea* ; Mortality* ; Prevalence* ; Survival Rate

PURPOSE: This study presents the 2016 nationwide cancer statistics in Korea, including cancer incidence, survival, prevalence, and mortality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cancer incidence data from 1999 to 2016 were obtained from the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database and followed until December 31, 2017. Mortality data from 1983 to 2016 were obtained from Statistics Korea. The prevalence was defined as the number of cancer patients alive on January 1, 2017 among all cancer patients diagnosed since 1999. Crude and age-standardized rates (ASRs) for incidence, mortality, and prevalence and 5-year relative survivals were also calculated. RESULTS: Overall, 229,180 and 78,194 Koreans were newly diagnosed and died from cancer in 2016, respectively. The ASRs for cancer incidence and mortality in 2016 were 269.0 and 79.8 per 100,000 individuals, respectively. The all-cancer incidence rate increased significantly by 3.6% annually from 1999 to 2011 and started to decrease after 2011 (2011-2016; annual percent change, –3.1%). However, overall cancer mortality has decreased 2.7% annually since 2002. The 5-year relative survival rate for patients diagnosed with cancer between 2012 and 2016 was 70.6%, an improvement from the 41.2% for patients diagnosed between 1993 and 1995. CONCLUSION: The cancer prevalence in Korea has increased very fast as survival has improved remarkably. The high prevalence of cancer emphasizes the need for comprehensive cancer control efforts in Korea.
Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Mortality ; Prevalence ; Survival Rate

OBJECTIVE: To date, few attempts have been made at clinical features and prognostic factors of primary peritoneal carcinoma (PPC) because of low prevalence. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical characteristcs and determine the prognosis factors of PPC. METHODS: From March 1996 to March 2004, a total of 23 women newly diagnosed with PPC were recruited into the study. Overall survival and prognostic factors were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression model. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 58.7+/-7.6 years and the FIGO stage was advanced disease; stage IIIc (73%) and IV (27%). The mean survival time for patients enrolled was 26.0 months. By univariate analysis, tumor state (p=0.028), performance status (p=0.045), the presence of initial debulking operation (p=0.035), and normalization of CA125 at 3 months of treatment (p=0.003) were significantly correlated with survival. On multivariate analysis, only the normalization of CA125 at 3 months of treatment remained as the independent factor for survival (Odds ratio, 6.896; 95% Confidence interval, 1.504-31.623; p=0.013). CONCLUSION: The mean survival time for patients with PPC was 26.0 months, and the normalization of CA125 at 3 months of treatment was identified as the independent prognostic factor. From this study, we analysis the clinical characteristics of PPC and provide more precise understanding of this disease.
Female ; Humans ; Multivariate Analysis ; Prevalence ; Prognosis ; Survival Analysis* ; Survival Rate

The 4,725 cattle in the enzootic region, 6 counties of southern Korea, were surveyed for besnoitiosis epidemiologically by examining the scleral conjunctiva for the cysts and the following results were obtained. The survey showed that 285 cattle, representing 6 per cent of a total of 4,725 cattle examined had S.C. cysts. Only 49 (14 per cent) of them showed clinical sclerodermatitis and the ratio between clinical and inapparent cases was 1:5.8. On age distribution of the S.C. positive cases the highest incidence(10-12 per cent) was seen in amimals that were from 5 to 8 years of age, but clinically apparent cases occurred much more in younger age of animal. In local incidence of S.C. cysts positive cases the prevalence was higher in the secluded districts such as Koheung and Sancheoung counties(9 per cent).
parasitology-besnoitiosis ; epidemiology ; prevalence rate ; scleral conjunctiva cyst

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective radiologic and clinical analysis of 48 patients following anterior cervical fusion. OBJECTIVES: To examine the prevalence of symptomatic adjacent segment disease after anterior cervical fusion and determine the risk factors affecting its progression. SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: Symptomatic adjacent segment disease appears to occur at a rate of 2% to 3% per year. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-eight patients, who were followed up for more than 3 years after anterior cervical arthrodesis, were enrolled in this study. A modification of the Robinson criteria was used for the clinical evaluation and the radiographic grading of Hilibrand was used for the radiology evaluation. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to examine the survival rate. Age, gender, number of fusion segments, preoperative ROM, angle of lordosis, spinal canal diameter and radiologic degeneration of adjacent segments were selected as potential risk factors. The subjects were divided into two groups according to their clinical symptoms. RESULTS: Symptomatic adjacent segment disease developed in 11 of the 48 patients(22.9%). The disease free survival rates were 88.7%, 82.4% and 58.7% at 5, 10 and 15 years, respectively. A study of the risk factors showed that preoperative degenerative changes and narrow spinal canal in the adjacent segments were significant. However, there were no significant associations with age, gender, number of fusion segments, preoperative ROM and angle of lordosis. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of symptomatic adjacent segment disease after anterior cervical fusion was considerable and higher when the patients had preoperative degenerative changes and a narrow spinal canal in the adjacent segments.
Animals ; Arthrodesis* ; Disease-Free Survival ; Humans ; Lordosis ; Prevalence* ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors* ; Spinal Canal ; Survival Rate

BACKGROUND: Dexmedetomidine is a useful sedative agent for spinal anesthesia. However, it has been reported that dexmedetomidine decreases heart rate in a dose-dependent manner. In the current study, we compared the administration of a bolus dose of midazolam and bolus loading of dexmedetomidine over 10 min with the goal of identifying an additional method of sedation. METHODS: Ninety patients classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I–II who were undergoing spinal anesthesia were divided into two groups. In the midazolam and dexmedetomidine combined group (group MD), 10 min after bolus loading of 0.05 mg/kg midazolam, 0.5 µg/kg/h dexmedetomidine was continuously infused. In the dexmedetomidine group (group D), 1 µg/kg dexmedetomidine was infused over 10 min, and then 0.5 µg/kg/h dexmedetomidine was continuously infused. RESULTS: At 10 min, the sedation depth of the two groups was almost equal. In both groups, the bispectral index was within the optimal score range of 55–80 and the Ramsay Sedation Scale score was within the optimal range of 3–5. Satisfaction with sedation for both patient and surgeon did not differ between the two groups. At 10 min, heart rate was significantly lower (P < 0.010) in group D and mean blood pressure was significantly lower (P < 0.010) in group MD. The prevalence of bradycardia, hypotension, and hypoxia did not differ statistically between the two groups (P = 0.714, P = 0.089, P = 0.495, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Midazolam bolus and dexmedetomidine continuous infusion (the regimen of group MD) may be an additional sedation method for patients who have severe bradycardia.
Anesthesia, Spinal* ; Anoxia ; Blood Pressure ; Bradycardia ; Dexmedetomidine* ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Methods ; Midazolam* ; Prevalence

PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical features and prevalence of patients with laser iridotomy-induced bullous keratopathy in Korea. METHODS: Using a retrospective study, the patients with laser iridotomy-induced bullous keratopathy who underwent penetrating keratoplasty were selected. We investigated the duration from iridotomy to corneal decompensation, preoperative anterior chamber depth, axial length, keratometry, and survival time of the grafted cornea. The data were compared with the data of patients with pseudophakic bullous keratopathy as controls. RESULTS: Laser iridotomy-induced bullous keratopathy was found in 17 eyes, which represented 2.3% of penetrating keratoplasty cases (727) and 8.5% of bullous keratopathy cases (201), with a mean age of 66.9 years. The laser iridotomy-induced bullous keratopathy group showed a higher female ratio (15 out of 17), shorter mean axial length (22.09 +/- 0.79 mm) and anterior chamber depth (1.91 +/- 0.36 mm) than the control group (15 out of 50, 24.30 +/- 2.54 mm and 3.27 +/- 0.66 mm, respectively) with a statistical significance (p = 0.002, p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Mean survival time of the grafted cornea was 39.9 +/- 8.6 months in the group of laser iridotomy-induced bullous keratopathy, which was shorter than the control group (47.8 +/- 3.1 months) without statistical significance (p = 0.47). CONCLUSIONS: In Korea, laser iridotomy-induced bullous keratopathy shows non-negligible prevalence and should be further investigated.
Anterior Chamber ; Cornea ; Female ; Humans ; Keratoplasty, Penetrating ; Korea* ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Transplants

PURPOSE: This is a report of the surgical treatment and prognosis of retroperitoneal liposarcoma (RPLS) in Koreans. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nineteen patients treated for RPLS between July 1, 1984, and March 31, 2009, were included. Patient demographics, histopathologic subtypes, survival rate, disease recurrence rate and interval, and adjuvant therapy were reviewed and analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 19 patients diagnosed with RPLS, 26.3% presented with well-differentiated RPLS, 10.5% with dedifferentiated RPLS, 15.8% with myxoid/round cell type, and 47.4% with mixed-type liposarcoma. The mean follow-up period was 66.8 months (range, 6 to 165 months). Primary RPLS was treated in 17 patients. Nine patients (52.9%) had recurrent disease, and recurrence developed at a mean of 47.7 months after primary or repeated surgical treatment. The overall survival rate was 84.2% during a mean follow-up of 66.8 months. The 3- and 5-year survival rates were 86.9%, and the 10-year survival rate was 69.5%. The recurrence interval was significantly shorter in recurrent RPLS cases (p=0.023). The mean growth rate of locally recurrent tumors was 0.34 cm per month. CONCLUSIONS: The survival rates reported here were higher than in previous studies. Locally recurrent tumors presented with a low growth rate, which may have contributed to the relatively high survival rate. A high prevalence of mixed-type RPLS was also noted, and its cause and prognosis require further research.
Demography ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Liposarcoma ; Prevalence ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; Retroperitoneal Neoplasms ; Sarcoma ; Survival Rate