Brain ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Schizophrenia ; physiopathology

The pathophysiology of allergic disease such as asthma and allergic rhinitis tell the similar story: when the endogenous and exogenous inflammatory mechanisms occur disorder, the body may begin with inflammatory cell activation, namely through the release of cytokine and inflammatory mediator role in the corresponding target cells, activate the sensory nerve fiber, acting on the cell organ specificity effect, clinical symptoms. This article is divided into the following five parts focused on the research progress of allergic inflammatory diseases: (1) inflammatory cells; (2) staphylococcus aureus superantigen; (3) small molecules (cytokines, inflammatory mediators, lipid classes medium); (4) nerve fibers and effect cells; (5) genetic and epigenetic factors.
Asthma ; physiopathology ; Cytokines ; immunology ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; physiopathology ; Inflammation ; physiopathology ; Respiratory System ; physiopathology ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; physiopathology

To quantitatively evaluate the upper-limb spasticity of stroke patients in recovery stage, the relationship between surface electromyography (sEMG) characteristic indexes from biceps brachii and triceps brachii and the spasticity were explored, which provides the electrophysiological basis for clinical rehabilitation. Ten patients with spasticity after stroke were selected to be estimated by modified Ashworth (MAS) assessment and a passive elbow sinusoidal motion experiment was carried out. At the same time, the sEMG of biceps and triceps were recorded. The results shows that the reflex electromyographic threshold could reflect the physiological mechanism of spasticity and had significant correlation with MAS scale which showed that sEMG could be prosperous for the clinical quantitative evaluation of spasticity of stroke patients.
Electromyography ; Humans ; Muscle Spasticity ; physiopathology ; Muscle, Skeletal ; physiopathology ; Stroke ; physiopathology

Arthritis, Juvenile ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Joints ; physiopathology

Improvement in early burn treatment has been realized, the mortality of burn shock has been decreased. However, the treatment of burn shock is still inadequate and occult hypoperfusion is usually occurred. This may be difficult to identify the appropriate resuscitation endpoint. The goal in management of burn shock is restoration of adequate tissue perfusion and normalization of cellular metabolism. Traditional endpoints, such as blood pressure, urine output are useful in managing mild and moderate burn shock. Additional endpoints that evaluate the adequacy of global and regional perfusion and oxygenation at the tissue level should be used in treatment of severe burn injury. Now the most useful parameters may be blood pressure, urine output, serum lactate, BE and CVP, SCVO2.
Burns ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; Shock ; physiopathology

The microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are a class of short non-coding RNAs regulating protein translation via mRNAs silencing. Studies have shown that microRNAs play critical roles in allergic diseases, tumors, and infections. The allergic airway diseases are characterized by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the respiratory tract. Several miRNAs are found to be involved in a series of pathophysiologic processes in allergic airway diseases including inflammatory cells infiltration, cytokines' expressions, airway hyperresponsiveness, and proliferation and change in phenotype of smooth muscle cells. Therefore, miRNAs may be new therapeutic targets for these allgeric diseases. This article reviews the roles of miRNAs in asthma and allergic rhinitis and their molecular biological mechanisms.
Asthma ; physiopathology ; Humans ; MicroRNAs ; metabolism ; Rhinitis ; physiopathology

Humans ; Intestinal Diseases ; physiopathology ; Sepsis ; physiopathology

Dyslipidemias ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Endothelium, Vascular ; physiopathology ; Humans

Humans ; Shoulder ; physiopathology ; Shoulder Impingement Syndrome ; physiopathology

Humans ; Nervous System ; physiopathology ; Schizophrenia ; physiopathology