Objective To explore the polysomnography(PSG) characteristice of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OS-AHS) and primary snoring(PS) in children and clinical value of PSG in children with sleep disorders. Methods We analyzed 74 children with OSAHS and 62 with PS, every patient being monitored with PSG for 7 hours at night for 16 parameters, including apnea hypopnea index(AHI), periodic leg movement index(PLMI),and the lowest oxygen saturation(LSaQ2) etc. The parameters of the 2 groups were comparaed. Results Comparaed with PS group, there was statistically significant difference in parameters such as PLMI, AHI,LSaQ2,the moderate oxygen saturation(MSaO2).AHI in non- rapid eye movement (NREM)(P

OBJECTIVE To investigate the incidence and pathogens of infection in 1659 consecutive cases in single center hematological unit.METHODS The incidence,pathogen,and outcome of infection in 1659 hospitalized patients with hematological disorders from 1999 to 2006 were retrospectively analyzed.RESULTS The overall incidence of infection was 24.4% according to the person-times of hospitalization,which included 22.1% of nosocomial infection and 2.3% of community acquired infection.Most of the pathogenic bacteria of the nosocomial infection were Gram-negative.The most common bacteria in the sputum samples included Enterobacter cloacae(19.3%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(14.8%).The most common bacteria in the blood samples were coagulase negative Staphylococcus(CNS,39.3%),the next was Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli.There were 4.21% bacteria resistant to most of antibiotics in nosocomial infection.There were 114 fungi isolated.Candida albicans was accounted for 35.1%.The mortality due to nosocomial infection was 7.4%.CONCLUSIONS The patients in hematology ward are susceptible to infection.The pathogens of nosocomial infection are most likely G-bacteria.Some bacteria are resistant to almost all antibiotics.The incidence of fungal infection is increasing in the near 8 years.

Objective To evaluate the clinical impact of 18F-FDG PET/CT on patients with suspected cervical cancer recurrence. Methods Fifty-one cervical cancer patients, clinically suspected to have tumor recurrence during follow-up, underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT examination. 18 F-FDG PET/CT results were compared with those of conventional images, as referred to histopathology or clinical follow-up. Impacts of 18F-FDG PET/CT were evaluated based on documented changes of clinical management. Results In total, 43 patients were found to have positive lesions by 18F-FDG PET/CT, in which 40 were true recurrence,but 2 were pelvic abscess and 1 was radiation enterocolitis. Other 8 patients were found negative by 18F-FDG PET/CT and confirmed by pathology or follow-up. In patient-based analyses, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT for the detection of tumor recurrence were 100% (40/40), 72. 73% (8/11),and 94.12% (48/51) respectively. In 7 patients, the clinical management was changed due to 18F-FDG PET/CT findings. Conclusion 18F-FDG PET/CT is an efficient tool for determining the recurrence of cervical cancer and instructing the clinical management.

OBJECTIVETo observe the relationship of childhood benign acanthosis nigricans to anthropometric and metabolic indexes, with the aim of studying the association between childhood benign acanthosis nigricans and metabolic diseases.

METHODSA retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 29 children who presented with benign acanthosis nigricans between February 2007 and October 2011. Thirty-two age, sex- and ethnic-matched normal children were selected as control group. The two groups were compared according to obesity (body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, body fat content and body fat percentage) and metabolic indexes (blood glucose, insulin level and blood lipids).

RESULTSBody mass index, body fat content, body fat percentage, waist-to-hip ratio, fasting blood glucose, insulin level and triglyceride in the 29 patients with benign acanthosis nigricans were higher than in the control group (P<0.05), but the level of high-density lipoprotein in the 29 patients was lower than in the control group (P<0.05). Of the 29 patients, 16 had impaired glucose tolerance and 3 were diagnosed with diabetes (1 case with type 1, two cases with type 2).

CONCLUSIONSChildhood benign acanthosis nigricans is closely associated with obesity, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia.

Acanthosis Nigricans ; complications ; Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Dyslipidemias ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Insulin Resistance ; Male ; Metabolic Diseases ; etiology ; Obesity ; etiology ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVECurrently people regard polysomnography (PSG) monitoring as the golden standard for diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) in children. However, due to the high cost, time and manpower consuming, PSG is not applicable to epidemiological investigation and clinical screening, especially not suitable for child patients and remote hospitals in Xinjiang. Therefore, it is of important clinical significance to find out a simple method (e.g. a kind of serum index) to primarily screen out suspicious patients for early diagnosis and treatment. The present study was conducted to assess the clinical usefulness of the measurement of orexin-A concentration in serum as a diagnostic predictor to screen patients with OSAHS in children.

METHODSSerum orexin-A concentration was measured with enzyme immunoassay (EIA) kit in 60 patient with snoring before performing polysomnography (PSG). Subsequently all the subjects underwent PSG test. Forty subjects were diagnosed as having OSAHS, and twenty subjects had no OSAHS. These 20 non-OSAHS subjects served as controls. Compared with the PSG results the clinical usefulness of the measurement of orexin-A concentration in serum was assessed as a diagnostic predictor to screen patients with OSAHS. Correlation between orexin-A levels and apnea hypoventilation index (AHI), micro-arousal index (MAI) and lowest SaO2 (LSaO2) were analyzed.

RESULTSThe serum orexin-A levels in the OSAHS group [(0.49 +/- 0.10) microg/L] was significantly higher than that of the control group [(0.28 +/- 0.11) microg/L, P < 0.01]. If a patient's level of orexin-A was higher than 0.36 microg/L, the patient more likely to have OSAHS. The sensitivity rate was 85.0% and the specificity was 80.0%. Serum orexin-A levels in children with OSAHS correlated positively with the AHI (r = 0.427, P < 0.05) and MAI (r = 0.468, P < 0.05), but correlated negatively with the LSaO2 (r = -0.527, P < 0.01) and the mean oxygen saturation (MSaO2) (r = -0.541, P < 0.01), not correlated significantly with the BMI (r = -0.212, P > 0.05). The serum orexin-A levels in the OSAHS children after who under went tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy significantly decreased (P < 0.05) 3 months after surgery as compared with pre-operation level.

CONCLUSIONThese findings suggest that the serum level of orexin-A could be used as a predictor in screening for OSAHS children and a biological marker of the severity of OSAHS children.

Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; blood ; Male ; Neuropeptides ; blood ; Orexins ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; blood ; diagnosis

OBJECTIVETo study the association of fat mass and obesity associated gene rs9930506 polymorphism with overweight and obesity in the Hazakh Children.

METHODSPCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to determine rs9930506 polymorphism in 118 patients with overweight or obesity and 141 controls. Serum lipid level including total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, plasma glucose levels, and plasma insulin were monitored by using enzymatic method (Hitachi automatic clinical analyzer) and radioimmunoassay kit respectively.

RESULTSThe genotype distributions of the control group and overweight or obesity group were in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The frequencies of AA, AG and GG were 0.458, 0.492 and 0.050 in the overweight or obesity group and 0.582, 0.397 and 0.021 in the controls respectively. There was no significant difference in frequencies of AA, AG and GG genotypes between control group and overweight or obesity group (χ(2) = 4.795, P = 0.091), but the frequency of GG + AG genotype in overweight or obesity group (0.542) was higher than that in the controls (0.418) giving significant difference (χ(2) = 3.957, P = 0.047). The frequencies of A allele were 0.703 in the overweight or obesity group and 0.780 in the controls respectively. There was significant difference in frequencies of A allele frequency between controls and overweight or obesity group (χ(2) = 3.986, P = 0.046). In the overweight or obesity group, the plasma glucose levels, BMI and hip circumference were (4.93 ± 0.52) mol/L, (79.70 ± 11.73) and (21.61 ± 2.72) cm in the persons with GG + AG genotype and (4.69 ± 0.56) mol/L, (75.28 ± 11.52) and (19.92 ± 1.98) cm in those of AA genotypes respectively. The plasma glucose levels, BMI and hip circumference of the persons with GG + AG genotype were higher than those of AA genotypes and the statistical significance was also observed (t = 2.430, P = 0.017; t = 2.053, P = 0.042; t = 3.891, P = 0.000).

CONCLUSIONThe present findings suggest that rs9930506 polymorphism on chromosome 16q12.2 may be associated with the development of overweight or obesity in the Hazakh Children, and the polymorphism may have some influence on serum glucose levels, BMI and hip circumference in this population.

Alleles ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Body Mass Index ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16 ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Obesity ; epidemiology ; genetics ; Overweight ; epidemiology ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of loratadine, a new generation of antihistaminics, in the treatment of childhood asthma.

METHODSThe papers related to loratadine treatment for childhood asthma were searched in the database of PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrance, CNKI and CBMdisc (January 1990 to December 2010) electronically and manually. According to the Cochrane reviewer's handbook, the quality of the enrolled papers was assessed and a systematic review was performed.

RESULTSA total of 179 papers were obtained. Eleven randomized controlled trials met the criteria and were included in this study. The 11 trials included 317 children with asthma: 159 cases in the loratadine treatment group and 158 cases in the control group. All included studies belonged to the B class according to the quality evaluation criteria. Meta analysis showed that the clinical symptoms were improved more, the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) 4 and 8 weeks posttreatment and the peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) 8 weeks posttreatment were higher in the loratadine treatment group than in the control group. The treatment-related adverse effects, fatigue, tachycardia and palpitation, occurred less in the loratadine treatment group compared with the control group.

CONCLUSIONSLoratadine is safe and effective for the treatment of childhood asthma.

Anti-Allergic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Asthma ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Forced Expiratory Volume ; Humans ; Loratadine ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Peak Expiratory Flow Rate

OBJECTIVETo investigate obesity, overweight and related factors of Kazakh children aged from 6 to 13 years old in Yili, Xinjiang.

METHODSWith stratified cluster sampling method, 2438 Kazakh children aged 6 - 13 from eight elementary schools were recruited from the Yili Kazakh autonomy region from May to June in 2009. Height, weight, blood pressure, waist circumference and hip circumference were measured. Body mass index (BMI) value was used to determine overweight or obesity. The overweight and obesity distribution pattern of gender, age (6 - 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 - 14 years old group) and region (city, county and countryside) was analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of overweight or obesity.

RESULTSThe prevalence of obesity and overweight in Yili Kazakh autonomy region was 1.64% (40/2438) (male: 1.62% (20/1232), female 1.66% (20/1206) (χ(2) = 0.69, P = 0.41)), and 5.13% (25/2438) (male: 4.79% (59/1232), female 5.47% (66/1206) (χ(2) = 0.59, P = 0.44)), respectively. The obesity prevalence of 6 - 7 year-old children was 3.72% (8/215), 2.30% (10/435) for 12 year-old group and 2.19% (6/274) for 13 - 14 year-old group. The difference of obesity and overweight prevalence among different age groups was significant (χ(2) = 14.29, P = 0.04). The prevalence of overweight was 8.77% (35/399), 6.92% (74/1069), 1.65% (16/970) (χ(2) = 42.09, P = 0.00) in city, county and countryside. And the prevalence of obesity was 2.75% (11/399), 2.43% (27/1069), 0.30% (3/970) (χ(2) = 18.13, P = 0.00) in city, county and countryside. Logistic regression analysis showed that children with family obesity history (OR = 2.73, 95%CI: 1.42 - 5.22) and culture level of fathers (OR = 1.65, 95%CI: 0.29 - 9.25) were independent risk factors of obesity. There was a correlation between blood pressure and waist-to-hip rate (r = 0.10, P = 0.00). Moreover, the correlation existed between systolic pressure (r = 0.47, P = 0.00), diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.37, P = 0.00) and BMI. Correlation existed between waist circumference (r = 0.81, P = 0.00), hip circumference (r = 0.78, P = 0.00) and BMI.

CONCLUSIONThere is no sex difference of overweight and obesity prevalence in Kazakh children aged from 6 to 13 year-old. Both family history of obesity and culture level of the fathers are factors of obesity and overweight to Kazakh children.

Adolescent ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Obesity ; ethnology ; Overweight ; ethnology ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo understand the prevalence of sleep disorders and their influencing factors in primary school children from Urumqi.

METHODSA total of 2034 children at the ages of 6-14 years were randomly sampled in 3 districts of Urumqi. The children's sleep states and their family and social environments were investigated through questionnaires.

RESULTSThe prevalence of sleep disorders in the subjects was 55%. The prevalence of sleep inquietude was the highest (14.7%), followed by sleep talking (4.8%), sleep walking (1.5%), nocturnal enuresis (1.5%), sleep teeth grinding (5.7%), habitual snoring (12.9%), sleep apnea (0.5%), and waking up by choke (1.9%). Taking drugs to stimulate or inhibit the central nervous system, frequent colds, confined housing area, family history, and sleeping with parents were risk factors for the development of sleep disorders.

CONCLUSIONSThe prevalence of sleep disorders within primary school children in Urumqi is higher than the reported data. The development of sleep disorders is multifactorial.

Adolescent ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Prevalence ; Sex Characteristics ; Sleep Wake Disorders ; epidemiology ; etiology

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficiency and prognostic factors of autologous peripheral blood stem cell trans-plantation (APBSCT) in 30 cases of multiple myeloma (MM). Methods:Two of the 30 patients received the second treatment of APB-SCT because of relapse after the first treatment. Thus, a total of 32 case-times of APBSCT were studied. Combination chemotherapy was inducted regularly before APBSCT (11 patients used bortezomib as an induction drug), and chemotherapy combined with the G-CSF regimen was used to mobilize peripheral blood stem cells. Preconditioning was based on melphalan. Results:Mononuclear cells in harvest were 6.41 × 108/kg, and CD34+cells in harvest were 4.75 × 106/kg. The median times of neutrophil and platelet engraftment were 9.5 and 11 d, respectively. The complete remission (CR) and very good partial remission (VGPR) rates were 37.5%and 34.4%af-ter APBSCT, respectively. The median overall survival (OS) was 67.27 months in all patients, and the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 29.77 months. The median PFS rates were 29 and 20 months in the patients who achieved CR and PR, respectively, and the median PFS was not observed in the patients who achieved VGPR. Statistical differences in PFS were detected between the CR+VGPR and PR groups (P=0.025). The CR rates were 63.6%and 23.8%in the bortezomib (bortezomib-based chemotherapy) and non-bortezo-mib groups (P=0.034), respectively. The median OS and PFS were not obtained in the bortezomib group, whereas the median PFS was 22 months in the non-bortezomib group (P=0.045). Conclusion: MM patients treated with bortezomib-based chemotherapy followed by APBSCT had prolonged PFS. APBSCT can improve the response and survival of MM patients.