The present study was carried out to examine the effect of "Cortisone" on the worm burden migrated in the organs, and granulomatous change in the liver of mice infected with Toxocara canis eggs. Daily does of 0.5 mg "Cortisone" was administrated subcutaneously to Toxocara-infected mice with different schedule. The results are summarized as follows: More number of Toxocara larvae migrated into the muscle tissue, especially into the carcass through the wall of the large intestine and higher distribution rate and longer persistence of worms were also recognized in the carcass of the experimental group than in the control. Cortisone administration resulted the inhibition of granuloma formation, as well as the resolution of granuloma in the liver. However, the discontinuation of the administration induced the reccurence of heavier grade of inflammation. In non-cortisone treated group (control), cellular infiltration appeared around the worms in the liver on the 10th day of the infection, and typical granulomatosis was followed on the 20th day. As in above results, it is considered cortisone has remarkable anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects in mice infected with T.canis, but histopathological changes on the granuloma formation might be related closely with the duration of Toxocara infection, dosage, duration and timing of cortisone administration.
parasitology-helminth-nematoda-Toxocara canis ; liver ; mouse ; cortisone

To observe the possibility of human visceral larva migrans due to eating of raw liver of domestic animals, especially of cattle, and also to serve as a good reference for adequate sanitary measures, the investigation survey was carried out from May 1975 to May 1976. From the subjects of a l,048 inhabitants (male 558, female 490) in five localities including two Provinces and three different cities, food habit was studied by questionnaire mannual. Larvae isolated from liver tissues of cattle, and pig were identified. Experimental observation on the chicken and mice infected with Toxocara canis was undertaken to draw a assumption of possibility inducing human visceral larva migrans. The results obtained from the present study are summarized. A part of Korean people has the habit to eat the livers of cattle, fowl, pig and dog raw. Eating rate of raw beef liver was 37.8 percent out of l,048 inhabitants, and its rate was higher markedly in male(57.7 percent) than in female (15. 1 percent), and the highest rate among the group of 31-40 years old. Eating rate of raw liver of fowl was 5.9 percent, pig 5.3 percent, and dog 2.5 percent. Larva recovery rate from beef liver was 11.8 percent out of 195 samples and 72.0 percent of total detected 1arvae were identified as Toxocara(=Neoascaris) vitulorum. From pig liver, larvae of nematoda were found in 6.4 percent out of 109 samples but no larva was detected from 120 fowl livers. Larvae detected from one-half of tissues and organs of infected chicken with about 2,000 Toxocara canis eggs were 8-245 in number, and 85-100 percent of recovered larvae were from their 1iver tissues. Toxocara canis larvae, 45, 31, 42 and 23 in number at 3rd, 14th, 25th and 55th day in one-half of the tissues and organs after infection respectively, were demonstrated from the mice infected with 500 larvae collected from infected chicken liver. Most of the larvae were recovered from the carcass of the mouse. It was approved the larvae isolated from chicken possess infectivity to the mice. Typical eosinophilic granulomatous change was not observed in the liver tissue of the infected chicken at 20th day after infection. As it summarized above, the liver of various domestic animals is the favorite tissue for migration of nematodes larvae. Therefore, the possibility of human visceral larva migrans may be induced due to eating of raw liver of domestic animals.
parasitology-helminth-nematoda ; visceral larva migrans ; Toxocara canis ; liver ; cattle ; fowl ; pig ; dog ; mouse ; chicken ; infectivity

One hundred and two stray dogs in Ejungbu City of Kyunggi-Do, Korea were examined to reveal out the degree of natural helminthic infection of small intestine. Helminthes were collected at autopsy, by scraping the intestinal contents. The collected worms were classified by their morphological characteristics. Out of 102 examined, 72 dogs were infected with any helminthes. The common helminthes were Dipylidium caninum (47 percent), Ancylostoma caninum (26 percent), Toxascaris leonina (16 percent) and Toxocara canis (13 percent). Taenia pisiformis (9 percent), Echinostoma hortense (4 percent), E. cinetorchis (2 percent), Spirometra mansoni (2 percent) were also found. One dog was incidentally found to be infected with Clonorchis sinensis. The prevalence of Toxascaris leonina was relatively high in this study over Toxocara canis, and its significance was discussed. Dogs were firstly described as the reservoir hosts of Echinostoma hortense and E. cinetorchis in Korea.
parasitology-helminth-nematoda-trematoda ; cestoda ; dog ; epidemiology ; morphology ; Dipylidium caninum ; Ancylostoma caninum ; Toxascaris leonina ; Toxocara canis ; Taenia pisiformis ; Echinostoma hortense ; Echinostoma cinetorchis ; Spirometra mansoni ; reservoir host ; intermediate host

Helminthic zoonoses are of significant importance to the public health and to the socioeconomic consequences especially in lost-meat, animal products and animal labor. For past several decades in Korea, it has been recognized that endoparasitic infections among domestic animals are extremely common and many of the helminth parasites of man have been acquired from, or are shared with domestic animals. However, there was no survey of a nationwide scale on the prevalence of animal helminthiasis; and control measures are also not satisfactory. Furthermore, because of the remarkable increase in the demand, number of domestic animals and pets is rapidly increasing in these days. Therefore, an extensive study on zoonotic helminths was carried out from July 1980 throughout August 1981 to understand the present status and parasite-host relationship from the epidemiological viewpoont. A total of 13,685 fecal specimens of cattles, sheeps, pigs, dogs and cats was collected from 26 localities in the country. The specimens were examined by formalin-ether centrifugal sedimentation technique. The results are summarized as follows: Of 13,685 specimens examined, 9,808(71.7 percent) were positive for helminth parasites. The positive rates were 99.0 percent in cattles, 86.5 percent on sheeps, 85.4 percent in pigs, 35.4 percent in dogs, 15.1 percent in cats. Single infection showed the highest rate (60.0 percent), and double infection(27.5 percent), triple(8.1 percent), quadruple(2.8 percent), quintuple(1.5 percent) and hexad(0.1 percent) were in decreasing order. In the present study, 18 species zoonotic helminths were found: 11 nematodes, 6 trematodes and 1 cestode. According to province, Cheju revealed the highest rate 84.8 percent, then Kyungnam 77.5 percent, Jeonnam 75.6 percent, Jeonpuk 75.4 percent, Kyonggi 75.2 percent, Chungnam 71.7 percent, Chungpuk 70.6 percent and Kangwon 64.2 percent were in decreasing order and Busan and Seoul showed 70.4 percent and 58.1 percent, respectively. Rural area showed slightly higher rate (74.7 percent) than urban area (68.5 percent), and rates of mountainous area (70.4 percent) and plain area (71.1 percent) are very similar. According to animal, helminths species and positive rates appeared in: Cattles: 6 nematodes and 3 trematodes; Strongyles 26.4 percent, Neoascaris vitulorum 24.1 percent, Trichuris ovis 12.0 percent, Nematodirus sp. 6.3 percent, Srongyloides papillosus 5.1 percent, Capillaria bovis 0.02 percent, Paramphistomum sp. 41.5 percent, Fasciola hepatica 33.2 percent and Eurytrema pancreaticum 29.7 percent. Sheeps: 3 nematodes and 2 trematodes: Strongyles 33.0 percent, S. papillosus 26.9 percent, Nematodirus sp. 14.6 percent, F. hepatica 31.7 percent and E. pancreaticum 19.6 percent. Pigs: 5 nematodes and 2 trematodes: Strongyles 43.1 percent, Ascaris suum 29.0 percent, Metastrongylus apri 20.3 percent, Trichuris suis 14.0 percent, Strongyloides ransomi 12.1 percent, Clonorchis sinensis 1.4 percent and Paragonimus westermani 0.9 percent, Dogs: 4 nematodes and 3 trematodes and 1 cestode: Toxocara canis 14.4 percent, Trichuris vulpis 9.5 percent, Ancylostoma caninum 8.0 percent, Toxascaris leonina 4.0 percent, C. sinensis 2.4 percent, Metagonimus yokogawai 1.3 percent, P. westermani 0.8 percent and Spirometra sp. 0.9 percent, Cats: 2 nematodes, and 3 trematodes and 1 cestode: Toxocara cati 7.7 percent, Ancylostoma tubaeforme 3.1 percent, C. sinensis 1.9 percent, P. westermani 1.4 percent, M. yokogawai 1.2 percent and Spirometra sp. 0.7 percent.
parasitology-helminth-nematoda-trematoda-cestoda ; cattle ; sheep ; pig ; dog ; cat ; epidemiology ; zoonosis ; Fasciola hepatica ; Eurytrema pancreaticum ; Paramphsitomum sp. ; Neoascaris vitulorum ; Trichuris ovis ; Strongyloides papillosus ; Nematodirus sp. ; Capillaria bovis ; Clonorchis sinensis ; Paragonimus westermani ; Ascaris suum ; Trichuris suis ; Strongyloides ransomi ; Metastrongylus apri ; Spirometra sp. ; Metagonimus yokogawai ; Toxocara canis ; Toxocara leonina ; Ancylostoma caninum ; Trichuris vulpis ; Ancylostoma tubaeforme ; Strongyles