Ten cases infected with Taenia saginata were treated with Bithionol, 2, 2' thiobis (4,6-dichlorophenol) which is well known as an excellent anthelminthhic against paragonimiasis and their follow-up studies were carried on within 3 to 12 months after treatment. Bithionol, 50 mg dose per kg of body weight was divided into two equal dose and administered orally in 30 minutes intervals. Three hours later, this was followed with a sodium sulfate or magnesium sulfate purge. The strobilas without scolices were found in the stools after the medication and the follow-up studies have shown the complete deworming in all cases. It is well tolerated, toxic effects being uncommon and when present, limited to mild gastro-intestinal disturbances.
parasitology ; helminth ; cestoda ; Taenia saginata ; chemotherapy ; bithionol

A total of 60 patients with Hymenolepis nana infection were treated with a single oral dose of praziquantel in two different dose levels. Twenty-nine cases treated with praziquantel in a single dose of 15 mg/kg body weight produced a 100% cure rate. On the otehr hand, 30 out of 31 patients who received a single dose of 25 mg/kg body weight cured completely, but only one case had counts of 200 EPG of feces in each tests on the 20th and 21st days after treatment. The cure rate was 96.8% and the mean egg reduction rate of 99.8 per cent was obtained. Side effects were mild and transitory. In a few cases, abdominal pain, vertigo, headache and diarrhea were complained in a few hours after medication. Clinial hematology, serum biochemistry and urinalysis were performed immediately before and the next day after treatment in all cases. There were no significant abnormalities detected in these tests.
parasitology-helminth-cestoda ; Hymenolepis nana ; chemotherapy-praziquantel

The phamacological and anthelmintic action of Lysimachia clethroides were examined. Upon examining the action of water, ether, alcohol and acetone extrcts of the root on smooth muscle, it was found that the active principle was weakened by heating. Water and ether extracts inhibited the dehydrogenase of the worm. In 50 percent of 8 areas studied, Taenia were completely eliminated with 2.5-4.0 gm doses of the ether extracts, and no toxic effect was observed by the administration of the above-mentioned doses.
parasitology-chemotherapy ; Taenia sp. ; Lysimachia clethroides

The efficacy of reduced single doses of mebendazole against Ascaris lumbricoides infection was evaluated by cellophane thick smear and egg counting techinques, in two rural populations from December 1977 to March 1978. Total 191 infected cases were divided into five dose groups; 100 mg single dose, 200 mg single dose, 300 mg single dose, 400 mg and 600 mg in repeated doses. The cure rate of mebendazole in the treatment of Ascaris infection was remarkably high and satisfactory in every dose groups. The egg reduction rates were all over 98 percent in every dose groups. Side effects were observed during the treatment, mainly mild and transient gastrointestinal troubles, and not exacerbated by the increase of doses upto 300 mg in single dose. Above results confirmed that in case of mass chemotherapy of Ascaris infection, 100 mg or 200 mg of single dose treatment is sufficient to achieve the economic and acceptable method of treatment.
parasitology-helminth-nematoda ; Ascaris lumbricoides ; chemotherapy-mebendazole

The present study was undertaken to observe the morphological changes of Clonorchis sinensis obtained from experimentally infected rats treated with praziquantel (Biltricide) which is a new anthelmintic agent with high activity against a broad spectrum of cestode and trematode species. For this study, the rats were infected experimentally with about 50 metacercariae of C. sinensis and were given praziquantel a single dose of 600 mg per kg of body weight at 5 weeks after infection. The Clonorchis worms were isolated from the bile ducts of the rats which were autopsied on the 4th day after treatment. After isolation the parasites were observed their shape and motility in the medium of 37 C physiological saline solution, and then the fine structure of the tegument of C. sinensis was studied by means of light, scanning and transmission electron microscope. The findings of the observation were compared with those of untreated parasites. The results are as follows: All the isolated worms moved actively in the medium of physiological saline solution (37 C). A majority of the parasites obtained from the treated rats showed a large balloon shaped structure on the surface between oral and ventral suckers. But such structure has never seen in the parasites obtained from control rats. By the scanning electron microscopic observation, the regular pattern of the tegumental ridges was significantly changed on the outer surfaces of parasites obtained from the treated rats as compared with those of the control rats. By the transmission electron microscopic observation, the numerous mitochondriae in the syncytial tegumental layer of the treated parasites appeared to be degenerated and formed small vacuoles, and the tegumental ridges were also degenerated and showed somewhat flattened. In the parasites obtained from the treated rats, a different size of vacuoles interspersed in the distal part of the syncytial tegument and also in subepithelial region of the urinary bladder. These vacuoles are fused each other and lead to the disruption of the apical region of syncytial tegument along the basement layer. Finally the basement layer was dislocated. So that the tegumental layer appeared as a large balloon.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Clonorchis sinensis ; chemotherapy

The therapeutic effect of praziquantel on Fibricola seoulensis infection were studied by experimental infection of albino rats with the metacercariae obtained from the snakes. Total 51 albino rats were infected each with 500 or 1,000 metacercariae in number through intragastric tubes. One or four weeks later the rats were treated with 1, 5, 10 or 20 mg/kg sigle dose of praziquantel and sacrificed after 3 days or 10-120 minutes to search for the worms in their small intestine. The worms recovery rate at 3 days after the treatment was 10.7% in 1 mg/kg does group and 0.03-0.2% in 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg group, while that of untreated control was 51.3%. The minimum effective dose to treat F. seoulensis infection in the rats is considered to be 5 mg/kg in sigle dose. By observing the distribution pattern of worms in the small intestine after the treatment, dislodgment of the worms froms the duodenum, thier normal habitat, to the lower portion was recognizable within as early as 10 minutes. The majority of worms was found to have descended to the ileo-caecal portion after 60-120 minutes.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Fibricola seoulensis ; chemotherapy-praziquantel

Mebendazole was tested for its efficacy in individual treatment and mass control of Trichuris trichiura infection in Korea. The results were as follows: The efficacy of mebendazole in 430 cases 3 weeks after treatment with mebendazole(100-1,200 mg) was not so satisfactory (15.0-64.0 and 24.6-95.2% in cure and egg reduction rates respectively). But it was observed that the higher the total dose of the drug the better the efficacy. The egg positive rate of the inhabitants in mass control programme by 600 mg mebendazole decreased form 40.0 to 5.6 % during one year, May 1982-May 1983, by repeated blanket mass chemotherapy every 3 months (in conventional regimen), while the decrease was less marked or unrecognizable in 3-month (signle or two divided doses), 6-month, 12-month interval and placebo control groups. From the results, it was concluded that, although mebendazole was not highly effective in individual treatment of T. trichiura infection, it was fairly useful in mass cotrol, by repeated mass chemotherapy every 3 months.
parasitology-helmith-nematoda ; trichuriasis ; Trichuris trichiura ; chemotherapy-mebendazole ; mebendazol

The author carried out a study on the effectiveness of the boric acid as a stomach poison for German cockroach control from July to September 1971. The test was performed by the feeding method under conditions of 20 C and 80 per cent relative humidity. The baits were composed of one control group and five different combination groups with boric acid and sugar as follows. 10 g sugar only(control group), 1 g powedered boric acid to 9 g sugar(1:9 poison baits), 2 g powdered boric acid to 8 g sugar(2:8 poison baits), 4 g powdered boric acid to 6 g sugar(4:6 poison baits), 5 g powdered boric acid to 5g sugar(5:5 poison baits), 10 g powdered boric acid only (10:0 poison baits). The insects were composed of 360 female adult German cockroaches collected by traps at the kitchens of restaurants and house holds in Seoul City. The results were as follows: The total mortality by poison baits in 72 hours after treatment were: 44.3 per cent by 1:9 poison baits , 79.4 per cent by 2: poison baits , 96.7 per cent by 4:6 poison baits(the most effective poison baits), 88.3 per cent by 5:5 poison baits, 91.1 per cent by 10:0 poison baits. The peak mortality by the treatment hours were: Up to 21 hours: 23.3 per cent by 5:5 poison baits, 20.0 per cent by 10:10 poison baits, From 24 to 48 hours: 71.1 per cent by 4:6 poison baits, 55.6 per cent by 10:0 poison baits, From 48 to 72 hours: 21.9 per cent by 2:8 poison baits, 19.6 per cent by 1:9 poison baits. The most effective treatment hours was from 24 to 48 hours.
parasitology-arthropoda-cockcroach ; Blattella germanica ; chemotherapy ; boric acid

Furfurol(Furfudol), a new anthelmintics, was administered to 7 adults and 21 children (6-12 years old) in total amounts of 15.6 mg(base) for 1 to 3 days. It has proven to be effective against hookworms. The anthelmintic effect against hookworms with a single dose of 15.6 mg of furfurol was similar to that of a single dose of 2.5 gm of bephenium hydroxynaphthoate. However, when a total of 15.6 mg of the base was given to both children and adult, the side reactions were so mild that the drug can be administered for therapeutic regimens in mass treatment. Minor abdominal discomfort was the only common side effect. This is the primary advantage of furfurol as compared with bephenium hydroxynaphthoate. These results have indicated that furfurol is safe in therapeutic dosage and is an effective agent to treat patients infected with hookworms.
parasitology-helminth-nematoda-hookworm ; chemotherapy-furfurol ; bephenium hydroxynaphthoate ; furfurol

Anthelmintic effect of niclosamide [N-(2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl)-5-chloro-salicylamide)] on Metagonimus infection was carried out to the cases in area of Seomjin-river. The drug, one tablet contains 0.5 g of niclosamide was supplied from Bu-gwang pharmaceutical company in Seoul. Sixty five cases were divided into three groups by the regimen: Group l given 2 g(4 tablets) for one day, Group II for two successive days and Group III for three successive days. Stool examination was done before and 2-3 weeks after the drug administration by formalin-ether concentration and Stoll's dilution egg counting techniques. The results were as follows: Egg negative conversion (cured) and egg reduction (more than 80 percent decrease) rates were 28.6 percent, 10.7 percent in group I, and 31.8 percent, 27.3 percent in group II. But of those in group III treated for three successive days, 73.3 percent was cured and 26.7 percent showed egg reduction, and the general egg reduction rate was 95.1 percent. The results in the present trial suggested that the niclosamide has anthelmintic efficacy when it is used in 2 g for more than three successive days.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda-Metagonimus yokogawai ; niclosamide-chemotherapy-metagonimiasis