60 patients with schizophrenia type paranoid treated in the Central hospital of Psychology were randomly divided into 2 groups: group I (30 patients): intensive intervention; group II (30 patient): control. The results have shown that the ages which starts suffering the disease were about 20-35; after 4 months of research on progress of the schizophrenia type paranoid and after chomotherapy and training for family in the publicity, the correct awareness, attitude for disease and ability of the social reintegration in the intervented group were better than these in the control
Schizophrenia, Paranoid ; Drug therapy

Patients were divided into 2 groups, one involved 30 patients who have recurrence within 10 years, and the other involved 20 patients without recurrence. All patients were diagnosed with schizophrenia type paranoid using ICD-10 criteria. The result showed that to lower the recurrence of schizophrenia patients, the education and communication measures are needed in the first place so that the patients’ family accept and tolerate them. Try to limit adverse effects such as psychological trauma and stress. Especially, the medical intervention is very important soon after this detecting this condition
Schizophrenia, Paranoid ; Recurrence

Background: Schizophrenia is a chronic, severe psychotic disease with high incidence. Treatment of schizophrenia with neuroleptic is a major medical advance, but sometime its result is still limited. Objective: To study the effect of electroconvulsive therapy (EC) in treatment of paranoid schizophrenic patients. Subject and methods: 101 paranoid schizophrenic patients treated by neuroleptic alone or neuroleptic combined EC, were treated in the Mental Department of Hospital 103 and Nam Dinh Mental Hospital from May, 2006 to June, 2007. Results and Conclusion: All 100% of the patients had a positive response to EC; the mean times of EC were 7.63\xb11.4 times for one. The regression of hallucination was observed after 4.6\xb11.49 times of EC; delusion after 4.96\xb11.4 times; suicide attempt after 3.25\xb10.96 times and refusing to eat after 4.96\xb12.1 times of EC; insomnia disappeared after 4.96\xb12.1 times of EC. Some side effects of the EC therapy: 100% of patients had orientation disorder; headache with light and moderate level accounted for 69.65% and 26.79%, respectively. Combination therapy made patients more stable, compared to neuroleptic therapy alone (p<0.05).
paranoid schizophrenia ; electroconvulsive therapy

Clozapine is a gold standard medication and drug of choice in refractory schizophrenia. Among many of its fatal side effects, delirium is less reported and inconsistently recognized by clinicians. We here present a case of delirium which emerged during retreatment with clozapine in a patient of paranoid schizophrenia. A patient diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia, was restarted on clozapine after he left medications and became symptomatic. He was delirious on 22nd day after clozapine was restarted. Clozapine was stopped and the patient was managed with standard treatment for delirium. After one week interval, clozapine was restarted. Delirium was not noted till 6 weeks of his hospital stay. Clozapine induced central anticholinergic toxicity or clozapine induced seizure might cause delirium in index case. Limited literature exist delirium with clozapine. Clinicians must have high index of suspicion to detect delirium during clozapine therapy. More researches should focus to explore the association between delirium and clozapine.
Clozapine* ; Delirium* ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Retreatment ; Risk Factors ; Schizophrenia ; Schizophrenia, Paranoid ; Seizures

The purposes of this study were to test the negative association between schizophrenia and rheumatoid arthritis(RA) and to clarify the role of prolactin and estrogen as protective factors in this association. The author compared the prevalence rate of RA between 561 patients with schizophrenia and 222 patients with mood disorder. For investigating the role of estrogen and prolactin, the author checked the plasma prolactin and estradiol level in 80 patients with paranoid schizophrenia and 77 patients with RA. The results were as follows. 1) Epidemiological data The prevalence rate of RA in the schizophrenic group was 0/561 and that of RA in the mood disorder group was 2/222. To compare these results between two groups, the author applied the Binomial test using the average prevalence rate of RA(0.8%) in the general population as a reference rate. The prevalence rate of RA in the schizophrenic group was significantly lower than that of RA in the general population. However, the prevalence rate of RA in the mood disorder group was not significantly different to that of RA in the general population. 2) Comparison of plasma prolactin and estradiol level between two groups. The plasma level of prolactin in the schizophrenic group was significantly higher than that of prolactin in th RA group(p=0.000). However, the plasma level of estradiol in the schizophrenic group was significantly lower than that of estradiol in the RA group(p=0.017). These results were not consistent across gender. To contrast with the results in the female group, which were consistent with the results in the total subjects, for the male group, the plasma levels of prolactin and estradiol in the schizophrenic group were significantly higher than those of prolactin and estradiol in th RA group. These results support the results of previous studies which confirm the negative association between schizophrenia and RA. These results also suggest that the elevation of plasma prolactin level in the patient with schizophrenia has a antirheumatic effect while the elevation of plasma estradiol level in the patients with RA has a anti-schizophrenic effect, and that these effects act as a possible mechanism in the negative association between two disorders. However, these results suggest that this association is specific to female patients.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid* ; Epidemiology* ; Estradiol ; Estrogens* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mood Disorders ; Plasma ; Prevalence ; Prolactin* ; Schizophrenia* ; Schizophrenia, Paranoid

We experienced clinical improvement by clozapine(mean maintenance dosage: 100mg/day) and antiparkinsonian medication in 68-year-old man, diagnosed both secondary parkinsonism and delusional disorder. This result supports previous reports that clozapine may effectively treat parkinsonism with psychosis.
Aged ; Clozapine* ; Delusions* ; Humans ; Parkinson Disease, Secondary ; Parkinsonian Disorders* ; Psychotic Disorders ; Schizophrenia, Paranoid*

Conventional neuroleptic treatment of organic delusional disorder can induce many serious side effects including extrapyramidal symptoms, sedation and tardive dyskinesia, especially in elderly patients. Risperidone is an atypical neuroleptics that is lack of severe extrapyramidal symptoms. This 68-year-old male case demonstrated that elderly patients with organic delusional disorder could be treated with risperidone without serious side effects.
Aged* ; Antipsychotic Agents ; Delusions* ; Humans ; Male ; Movement Disorders ; Risperidone* ; Schizophrenia, Paranoid*

To explore whether or not patients with schizophrenia display a more profound impairment of negative emotion processing, we assessed the implicit evaluation of positive and negative emotional stimuli. Twenty patients with schizophrenia (9 paranoid, 11 non-paranoid) and 22 normal controls were instructed to classify emotional pictures according to the intrinsic valence if the pictures were black and white. If the stimuli were color-filtered, participants were instructed to press the positive/negative response key according to the extrinsic valence (assigned valence of color). The error rates of the color-filtered stimuli were used as dependent measures. Normal controls made more errors on trials of the positive pictures when the correct response was the negative response key than when the correct response was the positive response key. The reverse was true on trials of the negative pictures. Patients with schizophrenia, especially paranoid schizophrenia, committed more errors in trials of the positive pictures when the correct response key was the negative response key. However, the reverse was not true on trials of the negative pictures. These findings suggest that patients with paranoid schizophrenia might suffer from an impaired ability to evaluate negative emotions and have a loosening of association within their negative emotional networks.
Visual Perception ; *Schizophrenic Psychology ; Schizophrenia, Paranoid/*physiopathology/*psychology ; Mental Processes ; Male ; Humans ; Female ; *Emotions ; *Affect ; Adult

To explore whether or not patients with schizophrenia display a more profound impairment of negative emotion processing, we assessed the implicit evaluation of positive and negative emotional stimuli. Twenty patients with schizophrenia (9 paranoid, 11 non-paranoid) and 22 normal controls were instructed to classify emotional pictures according to the intrinsic valence if the pictures were black and white. If the stimuli were color-filtered, participants were instructed to press the positive/negative response key according to the extrinsic valence (assigned valence of color). The error rates of the color-filtered stimuli were used as dependent measures. Normal controls made more errors on trials of the positive pictures when the correct response was the negative response key than when the correct response was the positive response key. The reverse was true on trials of the negative pictures. Patients with schizophrenia, especially paranoid schizophrenia, committed more errors in trials of the positive pictures when the correct response key was the negative response key. However, the reverse was not true on trials of the negative pictures. These findings suggest that patients with paranoid schizophrenia might suffer from an impaired ability to evaluate negative emotions and have a loosening of association within their negative emotional networks.
Visual Perception ; *Schizophrenic Psychology ; Schizophrenia, Paranoid/*physiopathology/*psychology ; Mental Processes ; Male ; Humans ; Female ; *Emotions ; *Affect ; Adult

Reduplicative paramnesia (RP) is one of delusional disorders characterized by false belief that a familiar place, person, or object had been duplicated. There have been several hypotheses about anatomical basis of RP, and right hemispheric pathology combined with or without diffuse bifrontal pathology is commonly accepted. We report a 74-year-old man who developed reduplication of place and person after right frontoparietal cerebral infarction. On the neuropsychological examination, the patient showed marked deficit in several parts of cognition including attention, memory and execution. In accordance with the literature, our clinical report suggests that RP is associated with right parietal and frontal lesion which causes deficits of visuospatial attention, memory and integration, and also emotional confusion during hospitalization.
Cerebral Infarction ; Cognition ; Delusions ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Hypogonadism ; Infarction ; Memory ; Mitochondrial Diseases ; Ophthalmoplegia ; Schizophrenia, Paranoid