No abstract available.
Ointments*

Study was conducted in experimental mice to investigate acute and subchronic toxicity of “thach vi gia giam” remedy with liquid ointment form on their blood formation system and liver-kidney functions. The results showed that: LD50 toxic dose by oral route with maximum dose of 125 ml/kg mice weight could not been determined. With dose of “Thach vi gia giam” 50 ml/2kg (25 times higher than human dosage) during 2 months continuously, there was not a significant sigh of the changes in blood component, liver-kidney function compared with control group in a same condition.
Ointments ; Ointments/toxicity

The study involved 13 patients (8 males, 5 females) who aged 15-41 years of old and hospitalized at the National Institute for Burn. Burn-caused agents were heat and chemicals (fire, boiling water and lime). Burn area was from 4% to 30% of body area. The patients were applied the drug within 48 hours after burning. There was not difference between effect of maduxin ointment-available gauze and self-prepared maduxin ointment gauze on clinical and in laboratory findings. The maduxin ointment-available gauze is easy and convenient in use and conservation. The cost-effective of this gauze is similar to the ointment packaged in container and tube, but it help save the time for bandage changing.
burns ; Ointments

Maduxin ointment is extracted from the leaves and seeds of the Madhuca pasquieri H.J. Lam, Sapotaceae family and has been applied in burn treatment in Vietnam since 1987. We studied the effects of Maduxin at slaked lime burn wounds - a frequent type of burn in Viet nam - in comparison with effect of silversulfadiazine in burn treatment. Our study was carried out on 94 slaked lime burn patients who were treated at the Viet nam National Institute of Burn from Nov. 1994 to Oct. 1997. The results showed that Maduxin ointment transferred wet eschar to dry eschar, shortened the treatment of III- leveled burn to 17,8 days from 19,5 days in the control group. After 2 weeks of treatment, Maduxin limited the appearance of P.aeruginosa and S. aureus, reduced the number of microbacteria in the surface of the wounds to the similar number of that in the control group. The number of fibrocytes, fibroblasts in the burn wounds treated with Maduxin ointment increased significantly after 14 days and the mucopolysaccharide was created after 7- 15 days at a higher level than that in the control group.
ointments ; burns

The ointment SH-91 is used in the burn treatment with anti-infection, anti-inflammatory, clean of burn area. It is also used in local treatment of peeled thin and light thick skins. 78 patients with burn in National Institute of Burn from February 1997 to May 1998 participated to the study in comparison with vasaline. The smallest area of peeled skin is 1% body area and largest area is 10% body area. Results: The ointment SH-91 has had effects of analgesia, anti-inflammatory, reduced fluid excretion, limited secondary bleeding, rapid recover of injury, easy to use and is not necessary to distribute the bandage.
ointments, burns

The in vitro release of Ketoprofen from different ointment bases at 2.5% concentration was studied. The rank order of the release pass dialysis membrane was as follow: emugel (used solid dispersion system with  - cyclodextrin) PEG ointments > carbopol 934, CMC, HPMC gel > emulsified ointment > absorption ointment > hydrophobic ointment
Ointments ; Ketoprofen

In vitro, the release of sodium diclofenac from different ointment bases at 1% concentration was studied. The rank order of the release pass dialysis membrane was as follow: Emugel carbopol 934, CMC, HPMC gel> emulsified ointment> absorption ointment> hydrophobic ointment.
Diclofenac ; Ointments

The effect of the bases and added substances on the release and absorption of sodium diclofenac from its different ointment formulations was studied. The results shown that the released extent of sodium diclofenac from different ointment bases across dialysis membrane was following the order: water soluble bases > emulsion bases > emugel bases > hydrocarbon bases and carbopol 934 gel with 1.2% I-menthol > carbopol 934 gel with 0.5% I-menthol > carbopol 934 gel with 3% oleic acid > carbopol 934 gel only. The percutaneous absorbed extent of sodium diclofenac across the rat hairless skin was evaluated indirectly based on antiinflammatory action on the rat leg stimulated edema by 0.1 ml of 1% caragenin solution. The average reduced percent of leg edema volume of the experimented rat group was obtained in such order: carbopol 934 gel with 1.2% I-menthol > carbopol 934 gel with 0.5% I-menthol > carbopol 934 gel with 3% oleic acid > carbopol 934 gel only. This result demonstrated that there was a correlation between in vitro release and in vivo percutaneous absorption of sodium diclofenac through the rat hairless skin.
Diclofenac ; Ointments

The study was implemented on 39 patients who were grafted by medium thick and thin skin pieces at National burn Institute from 2/1997 to 12/1997 and to be compared with method of vaselin compress using on smallest study’s surface of 1% BSA and bigest of 6%. The result is summarized in the below: secondary haemoragy after operation (+); secondary haemohara after bandage: 7-inflammation and fluid secretion: 2-purulent infection: 0-pain time on the spot: 2 - pain intensity (+) the average recovering day: 8.3.
Skin Transplantation ; Ointments

Background: Complementary and alternative medicine is becoming popular among Filipino patients. Ginger is one promising herbal plant in the management of musculoskeletal complaints. Studies showed significant reduction of the pain after oral intake of either ginger extract or tablet with reported occurrence of mild gastrointestinal side effects. Hence this study aimed to assess the effectiveness of using 10% ginger ointment as a treatment for acute musculoskeletal pain. Objective: This study determined the effectiveness and safety profile of topical application of ginger ointment as compared to a placebo ointment in the reduction of pain severity in patients with musculoskeletal complaints. Subjects and Setting: The study participants consisted of adults aged 19-59 years old who have acute musculoskeletal pain. The study was done in Canossa Health and Social Center in Tondo, Manila. Design: Ginger ointment was compared to a placebo ointment in 60 patients with acute musculoskeletal complaints in a single blinded randomized controlled trial. Study participants were randomized into two groups of thirty (N=30), the experimental group (ginger) and the placebo group. Data Collection: The clinical assessment included a visual analog scale (VAS) for pain at baseline, 30 minutes and 60 minutes after intervention. Paracetamol and diclofenac tablets were prescribed as rescue medication. Reduction of pain was computed using mean, standard deviation and groups were compared using students’ t-test. The frequency of the adverse reaction to the ointment was summarized using cross tabulations. Results: There was decrease in the severity of the pain reported by study participants for both ginger and placebo ointment. At 60 minutes post-intervention, a greater decrease on pain scores among participants receiving the ginger ointment (X=1.37; SD+1.22) was noted compared to the participants receiving placebo ointment (X=2.07; SD+1.90). However, the differences between intervention groups were not statistically significant, p>0.05. There were no reported adverse reactions for both intervention groups. Conclusion Ginger ointment 10% was not effective in decreasing pain scores when compared to placebo ointment. No adverse event was reported within 60 mins of intervention among adult patients with musculoskeletal complaints.
Humans ; Ginger ; Acetaminophen ; Ointments