Objective To study effects of tethered spinal cord on functions of bladder and urethra. Methods Thirty six patients with tethered spinal cord were evaluated by video urodynamic studies. Filling phase function of bladder was evaluated by compliance of bladder and the presence of vesicoureteral reflux; voiding phase function of bladder was evaluated by maximal detrusor pressure; the synergy between detrusor and external urethral sphincter and continence of urethra were evaluated by voiding study with synchronous X ray image and pressure flow plot. Results 50% patients was diagnosed as detrusor areflexia with low compliance bladder, which was the main type of neurogenic bladder for patients with tethered spinal cord. And 22% was diagnosed as detrusor hyperreflexia. The incidence (83%)of damage of kidney function in patients with detrsusor areflexia and low compliance was significantly higher than patients with detrusor hyperreflexia ( P

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of midodrine (Gutron) in female patients with stress incontinence. Methods A randomized,double-blind,parallel,placebo-controlled,multicentric study was carried out.136 female patients with stress incontinence.68 cases in study group received Gutron (2.5 mg,thrice daily) for a course of 4 weeks.68 cases in control group received placebo in the same manner. Results 129 cases completed the treatment.The mean quantity of incontinent urine decreased by 9.9 g in those receiving Gutron ( n =66) and by 3.1 g in placebo ( n =63),respectively ( P 0.05). Conclusions Midodrine hydrochloride at the dose of 2.5 mg thrice daily has greater efficacy on female patients with stress incontinence than placebo, and the tolerability of midodrine was equivalent to that of placebo.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective mechanism of recombinant bactericidal permeability-increasing protein 21(rBPI21) in rat endotoxemia.METHODS The different dosage of rBPI21 in endotoxemia rats was injected and the changes in lipopolysaccharide(LPS), lipopolysaccharide binding protein(LBP) and tumor necrosis factor ?(TNF?) contents in blood of different group rats were continuously observed.RESULTS At 6 and 12 hours,the levels of LPS in rBPI21 treatment 1 group(rBPI21 dosage 0.625 mg/kg) were significantly lower than those in endotoxin group at the same time.Serum LBP and TNF? in rBPI21 treatment 1 group were both lower than those in endotoxin group at any time point.Compared with the endotoxin group,the levels of LPS,LBP,and TNF? in rBPI21 treatment 2,3 and 4 groups(rBPI21 dosage 1.25 mg/kg,2.5mg/kg,and 5.0mg/kg,respectively) markedly dropped at any time points,the survival rates were increased from 16.7%(endotoxin group) to 58.3%,91.7% and 100%(rBPI21 treatment 2,3,and 4 groups) individually.CONCLUSIONS The protection of rBPI21 in endotoxemia rats is primarily achieved through neutralizing LPS,decreasing LPS activity in vivo and inhibiting LBP and TNF-? synthesis.

Objective:To explore whether Tuftsin can attenuates symptoms in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouses.Methods:C57BL/6 mice were immunized with MOG35-55 peptides,and evaluated for clinical neurological score every day .10 mice of the EAE were injected with Tuftsin subcutaneously .The spinal cord were stained by the methods of Haematoxylin Eosinstain , Luxol Fast Blue stain.The mRNA expression of IL-10 and TNF-αfrom brian tissue were detected at the 28 days by RT-PC method.Results:The controlled mice had no symptoms of disease and HE ,LFB were normal.Comparison EAE group with Tuftsin group of HE,LFB,EAE group were server than Tuftsin group.The expression of IL-10 in Tuftsin group was higher than EAE group.The expression of TNF-αin Tuftsin group was lower than EAE group .Conclusion: Tuftsin can attenuates symptoms in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouses .

To observe the regulative effect of applying garlic cream on acupoint Shenque (CV8) on circadian rhythm disorder induced by sleep deprivation.Methods:Twenty healthy adult men were randomly divided into normal group(group A),sleep deprivation group (group B) and treatment group (group C).Subjects in group B and C received 48-hour sleep deprivation,and in the meantime subjects in group C were treated by applying garlic cream on acupoint Shenque(CV8),while subjects in group A received no any treatment,then contents of serum noradrenaline (NA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) were detected.Results:The contents of NA in three groups all appeared typical circadian rhythm(P＜0.01 when group A is compared with group C,and P＜0.05 when group A is compared with group B).The peak value in group A was 158.377 and appeared at 10:56,peak value in group B was 291.529 and appeared at 19:44,peak value in group C was 255.964 and appeared at 17:06.The peak phase in group B shifted more obviously when compared with group A,and the peak phase in group C recovered slightly when compared with group B.The contents of 5-HT in group A showed typical circadian rhythm (P＜0.01) and the circadian rhythms in group B and C disappeared (P＞0.05).the peak value in group A was 196.563 and appeared at about13:10.Conclusion:The application of garlic cream on acupoint Shenque (CV8) Can adjust the disturbed circadian rhythm and accelerate the recovery of circadian rhythm.It is a simple and effective therapeutic method for adjusting circadian rhythm disorder.

Objective To explore the impacts of different nutrition support methods on short-term outcome in critically ill adult patients. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of 1503 critically ill adult patients who needed nutrition support in an mixed intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary care university hospital from January 1994 to December 2009. The complication of nutrition support, length of stay (LOS) in ICU, morbidity of infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), and mortality among different nutrition support methods were compared. Results The Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS) scores of the enrolled patients were no less than 3. LOS in early enteral nutrition (EN) patients were significantly shorter than those in not-early EN patients (P ＜ 0. 001) and parenteral nutrition (PN) patients (both P ＜ 0. 001). Infection rate (P ＜ 0. 001),morbidity of MODS (P ＜ 0. 001) and mortality (P ＜ 0. 001) were significantly lower than those in not-early EN and PN patients. LOS of patients receiving PN rich in glutamine (Gln) was significantly shorter than that in conventional formula (P = 0. 0000). Morbidity of infection (P= 0. 0252) and MODS (P = 0. 0030), mortality (P =0. 0305) were significantly lower than that of conventional patients. LOS of patients receiving intensive insulin therapy (IIT) was significantly shorter than that of controlled group (P = 0. 0000). Morbidity of infection (P =0. 0001) and MODS (P = 0. 0237) and mortality (P =0. 0427) were significandy lower than those of controlled group. Conclusions Nutritional risk is prevalent among critically ill adult patients. Early EN, PN of rich in Gln,and receiving IIT can shorten LOS, decrease morbidity of infection and MODS, and improve prognosis among these patients.

OBJECTIVETo determine the expression of Skp2 in different prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines and tissues, and explore its influence on the androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway and development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).

METHODSThe expression levels of Skp2 and AR in different PCa cell lines were detected by Western blot. After knockdown of Skp2 in the C4-2 and 22RV1 cells transfected with shRNA, the expressions of AR and P27 were determined and the activity of ARR3-Luc measured by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay following treatment with dihydrotestosterone (DHT). The expressions of AR and Skp2 in human naïve PCa or CRPC specimens were detected by immunohistochemical staining followed by analysis of their differences and correlation.

RESULTSThe Skp2 protein expression level was significantly higher in the C4-2 or 22RV1 cells than in the LNCaP cells. DHT treatment increased the expression of Skp2 in the C4-2 cells, but knock-down of Skp2 significantly up-regulated the expression of the well-known downstream protein P27 and down-regulated that of AR. Consistently, DHT treatment increased the activity of ARR3-Luc, while knockdown of Skp2 remarkably decreased it in the C4-2 and 22RV1 cells (P < 0.05). In addition, significantly higher expressions of Skp2 and AR were observed in the CRPC than in the naïve specimens (P < 0.05), with a positive correlation between the two proteins (r = 0.658 1, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSkp2 can enhance the expression and transcription activity of the AR protein in CRPC cells or tissues and is promising to be a critical molecular therapeutic target.

Androgens ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Dihydrotestosterone ; pharmacology ; Disease Progression ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasm Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant ; metabolism ; Receptors, Androgen ; genetics ; metabolism ; S-Phase Kinase-Associated Proteins ; physiology ; Transcriptional Activation ; Up-Regulation

50%;failure,defined as no remission or no deterioration of symptoms;and overall response rate, defined as cure plus improvement. Results The overall response rate was 98% (45/46), and the complete cure rate was 87% (40/46).The mean operative time in patients undergoing bladder neck suspension [(66.7?9.8)min] was significantly longer than those undergoing mid-urethral suspension [(35.1?12.1)min] (P0.005).Shortly after operation,5 cases of bladder neck suspension (28%) and 3 cases of mid-urethral suspension (11%) had urine retention (P

Polymyxin E shows effective treatment of the infection induced by resistant gramnegative bacteria, but its nephrotoxicity severely limits the clinical application of this drug. In this work, methoxypolyethylene glycols 2000 (mPEG2K)-polymyxin E (PME) was synthesized via chemical grafting reaction and had been characterized. The antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of mPEG2K-PME in vitro were investigated on Escherichia coli and HK-2 cells, separately. Intra-abdominal infection model was further established in order to study the therapeutic effect and the toxic effect on kidney of mice. The results showed that mPEG2K-PME exhibited significant inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli and had a lower toxicity on HK-2 cells in vitro. At the same time, mPEG2K-PME had a good efficacy in the treatment of Escherichia coli infected mice in vivo. Moreover, nephrotoxicity caused by mPEG2K-PME was significantly reduced compared to free PME. mPEG2K-PME is promising in development of new preparations with high efficiency and low toxicity.

Objective To explore the effects of alanyl-glutamine (Ala-Gln) dipeptide supplemented parenteral nutrition (PN) on the short-term outcomes in critically ill adult patients.Methods In this retrospective study,we reviewed the clinical data of critically ill adult patients who were treated by standard PN from January 2006 to December 2011.The length of stay in intensive care unit (ICU-LOS),incidences of infections and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS),and mortality were compared between the group of Ala-Gln dipeptide supplemented PN (intervention group) and the group of PN without Ala-Gln dipeptide (control group).Results Finially,617 cases were enrolled in the study,including 312 cases in the control group and 305 cases in the intervention group.The ICU-LOS was significantly shorter in the intervention group than that in the control group [(17.2 ± 6.5) d vs.(16.1 ± 5.3) d,P =0.011).Compared with the control group,the incidences of infection (42.9％ vs.33.1％,P =0.011) and MODS (46.5％ vs.38.0％,P =0.030) and the mortality (34.9％vs.25.9％,P =0.014) in the intervention group patients were significantly lower.Conclusion Ala-Gln dipeptide supplemented PN can improve the short-term outcomes of critically ill adult patients.