Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of sorafenib in combination with interferon-alpha(IFN-α)as the first-line treatment in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma.Methods Since Dec 2007 to Jun 2008,137 legal patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC)were enrolled in the trail from 22 hospitals in China.All the patients continuously received the treatment of sorafenib plus IFN-α untill disease progressed or patients were unable to tolerate.The primary end points were objective response,disease control rate and adverse effects rate.Results This interim analysis was based on the data collected from the study initiation date to 2009/3/20.The overall response rate(ORR),including complete response (CR) and partial response(PR),was 32.8%(45/137).The median follow-up time was 11.9 months,only 25 patients progressed at the cut off time.The most common adverse events were hand-foot skin reaction(48.2%),alopecia(23.4%),rash (20.4%),diarrhea(19.7 0A),fever(16.8%),lassitude(10.2%),etc.The incidence of 3 or 4 grade hand-foot skin reaction was 8.8%.Conclusions Sorafenib in combination with IFN-α as the firstline treatment in patient with advanced RCC could be effective and safe.

Objective To explore the effect of suramin on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the excretion of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs) induced by high concentrations of glucose solution (GS).Methods Cultured PMCs were divided into three groups:(1) normal control group; (2) GS-treated group:cells were treated with 1.5％,2.5％,4.25％ GS for 12 h,24 h,48 h,respectively; (3) Suramin-treated group:PMCs cultured with 4.25％ GS were exposed to different doses of suramin (25,50,100 μmol/L) for 48 h.Expression levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and E-cadherin were detected by Western blotting and the concentration of TGF-β1 in the culture supernatant was determined by ELISA.Results Compared with normal control group,GS-treated PMCs exhibited a time-dependent increase in the expression of α-SMA,and decrease in the expression of E-cadherin.GS also stimulated PMCs to secrete TGF-β1.In the presence of suramin,GS-induced α-SMA expression and TGF-β1 production were reduced,E-cadherin expression was increased.Conclusions Suramin can inhibit high glucose-induced EMT of PMCs by down-regulating the expression of TGF-β1.Suramin may be a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of peritoneal fibrosis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the pathological features and significance of myocardial contraction band necrosis in sudden cardiac death. METHODS: Using HE and PTAH staining, the distribution sites and pathological features of myocardial contraction band necrosis were observed. The data were analyzed according to the extent of necrosis. RESULTS: The locations, pathological features and the extent of necrosis were similar in different sudden death cases. The locations were related with sites of myocardial damage. The papillary muscles of left ventricular were most occurred, followed by the anterior wall of left ventricular. In the sudden death cases caused by stress cardiomyopathy, the extent of myocardial contraction band necrosis was lighter than the others. Most cases were predominantly level 1, the others were level 2. CONCLUSION Used as the diagnosis basis of acute myocardial ischemia, the myocardial contraction band necrosis has important significance to determination of death.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Coronary Disease/complications* ; Death, Sudden/etiology* ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac/pathology* ; Female ; Heart Diseases/pathology* ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Contraction/physiology* ; Myocardium/pathology* ; Necrosis

Objective To investigate the malaria knowledge of CDC staff and their demands on related training in malaria non⁃endemic areas，so as to provide the reference for planning the appropriate curriculum. Methods All the participants who were the staff of county CDCs all over Qinghai Province and attended the provincial training workshop were surveyed. A self⁃administered questionnaire survey was carried out and the data was statistically analyzed. Results A total of 115 participants were involved in this survey. They were mostly（85.21%）from county CDCs. The general knowledge of malaria among the respondents was well，and the average rate of correct answers was 70.35%. However，the answers to the general knowledge of malaria and anti⁃malaria treatment were not well enough. The rates of correct answers were 61.96% and 48.99% respectively. The differences among the groups of job title ranking，department of working and level of CDC were not significant（F = 0.13-2.02，all P > 0.05）. The number of correct answers was significantly increased after the training course. The average score after the training was 79.20±15.16 while the pre⁃training score was 70.34±17.46（t = 3.86，P < 0.05），especially in the answers to general malaria knowledge and malaria surveillance and response（t = 4.30，4.97，both P < 0.05）. The general knowledge of malaria was considered as the most need of training as 80% of the respondents voted“Yes”，according to the demand analysis. There was no significant difference among the different groups（F = 0.61-3.11，both P > 0.05）. Conclusion The malaria knowledge is well mastered by the staff of CDCs in Qinghai Province，and the further training courses are requested and addressed in the target areas such as general malaria knowledge，anti⁃malaria treatment，malaria surveillance and response.

Aim To research dynamically the changes of endogenous cystathionine- β-synthase/hydrogen sul-fide system in PC12 cells injury induced by rotenone. Methods Rotenone-induced injury in PC12 cells ( characteristic of dopaminergic neurons) was used as a PD cell model. The expression of CBS was evaluated by Western blot. Intracellular CBS activity and H2 S production were detected by Methylene blue spectro-phot-ometric method. The viability of PC12 cells was measured by CCK-8 assay. GSH detection kit was used to detect the intracellular GSH content. Results In the groups of 6 and 12 hours, the expression and activ-ity of CBS were elevated, and the production of H2 S was increased. In the groups of 24 and 48 hours, CBS expression and activity were significantly decreased, and the amount of H2 S was significantly reduced. Ap-plication of 1. 5 μmol·L-1 rotenone for different time (6-48h) could decrease the cell viability and intra-cellular GSH contents in a time-dependent manner. Conclusions The expression and activity of endoge-nous CBS, stimulated by rotenone, are elevated firstly and then decreased. The generation of H2 S, stimulated by rotenone, is increased and then reduced significant-ly, which may be related to PC12 cells against oxida-tive stress damage induced by rotenone.

Objective To investigate the predictive value of acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ(APACHE Ⅱ) for nursing workload in emergency intensive care unit (EICU).Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted. Critical patients except for trauma admitted to EICU of West China Hospital of Sichuan University from June 2012 to July 2016 were enrolled. APACHE Ⅱ score and therapeutic intervention scoring system (TISS-28) score were calculated in each case. The relationship between APACHE Ⅱ score and TISS-28 score was analyzed by correlation analysis and curve estimation.Results A total of 1148 patients were enrolled, including 689 male (60.0%), and age of (56±19) years old, APACHE Ⅱ score was 19 (13, 25), and TISS score was 19 (13, 25). The Spearman correlation coefficient between APACHE Ⅱ score and TISS-28 score was 0.849 (P < 0.001), and that among the linear model quadratic model, composite model, growth model, logarithm model, cubic model and exponential modelR2 were 0.669, 0.710, 0.792, 0.764, 0.765, 0.765, respectively (allP < 0.01), and the most suitable description for relationship between APACHE Ⅱ score and TISS-28 score curve was cubic model. The nursing workload was significantly increased when APACHE Ⅱ score ≥30, and it was decreased when APACHE Ⅱ score < 30.Conclusion APACHE Ⅱ was a useful score for predicting the nursing workload in EICU.

Objective To discuss the present situation and existing problems of the funded projects, especially in the gap between western region and eastern central region by analyzing the funding situation of the projects funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) and the completed projects in the TCM field from 1989 to 2015. Methods The website was searched thoroughly, and data of Division Ⅹ of Health Science Department of National Natural Science Foundation of China from 1989 to 2015 (ie TCM, Chinese materia medica and integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine) funded by the National Science Foundation for Young Scientists in China were obtained, and the projects of the National Science Foundation for Young Scientists funded by Division Ⅹ of Health Science Department of National Natural Science Foundation of China from 1989 to 2015 were included, and incomplete or inavailable items were eliminated. Relevant information according to the extracted forms was extracted. The situation of different regions and the situations of the projects have been concluded and the titles of different titles have been analyzed. Results By 2015, the number of funded projects and the amount of financing in the TCM field were increasing year by year. In the western regions, the number of funded projects and the amount of financing accounted for only 11.29% of the total number and 11.28% of the total financing. Compared with the less supporting western regions, much more were mainly in eastern and central regions. The number of SCI papers published and single cited times of the finished projects were 988 and 20.85. Compared with the developed areas in eastern and central regions, there was no statistical significance in the average number of SCI papers (P=0.493), average SCI papers cited article number (P=0.449), SCI papers in average cited frequency (P=0.589), the average CSCD papers number (P=0.579), average CSCD papers cited article number (P=0.883) and average single CSCD papers cited frequency (P=0.753) in western regions (P>0.05). Conclusion Under the stable supports of the Young Scientists Fund, scientific researches in the TCM field have achieved remarkable achievements. In addition, the ability of scientific research and innovation of the young scientific workers have been improved. The funded projects in western regions are far less than those in eastern and central regions, with great differences. However, there is no statistical significance in the research results of the items in western regions and eastern and central regions.

T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive leukemia. However the poor prognosis and low morbidity restrict further analysis of the disease. Therefore there is an increasing demand to develop animal models for identifying novel therapeutic approaches. In this study, we inoculated the anti-mouse CD122 monoclonal antibody conditioned NOD/SCID mice with the leukemia cells from 9 T-ALL patients and 1 cell line via the tail vein. Four of the 9 patients and the cell line were successfully engrafted. Flow cytometry detected high percentage of human CD45(+) cells in recipient mice. Immunohistochemistry showed infiltration of human CD45(+) cells in different organs. Serial transplantation was also achieved. In vivo drug treatment showed that dexamethasone could extend survival, which was consistent with clinical observation. These results demonstrated that we successfully established 5 xenotransplantation models of T-ALL in anti-mCD122 mAb conditioned NOD/SCID mice, which recapitulated the characteristics of original disease.

Objective To evaluate the utility of fluorescent dye SYTO 13 for high -resolution melting ( HRM) detection in single nucleotide polymorphism ( SNP) genotyping and its clinical application . Methods This is a performance verification study .36 genotype defined samples were divided into three groups:SNP rs3125734 C>T (class Ⅰ SNP) ,rs255758 A>C (class ⅡSNP) and rs688C>T.These samples were used to evaluate SYTO 13′s SNP genotyping capability of class ⅠSNP, classⅡSNP, and two PCR products of different lengths (52 and 107 bp) covering the same SNP of rs688C>T.The commercial HRM dye of LCGreen Plus was used as the control .The genotyping capability is indicated by the Tm difference(ΔTm) between wild type and homozygous mutant genotypes .The Tm differences between wild genotype and homozygous mutant genotype were compared using the Independent Samples t test.Paired t test was used to evaluate genotyping capability of the two dyes .The clinical applicability is evaluated by synchronously performing PCR amplification and HRM analysis on thirty -five randomly selected DNA samples with known genotypes of the three SNPs .Results The SNPs of class Ⅰ and class Ⅱ can be genotyped directly and clearly with SYTO13 (ΔTmclas Ⅰ =0.36 ±0.05,tclas Ⅰ =14.827,Pclas Ⅰ =0.000;ΔTm clas Ⅱ =0.42 ±0.110,tclasⅡ =9.539,Pclas Ⅱ =0.000).The classⅠSNP genotyping results was better using SYTO13 (ΔTmSYTO13 =0.39 ±0.027), while the SNP genotyping for small amplicon did not discriminated clearly in this study .Long amplicons of class ⅠandⅡSNPs can be identified directly except for several samples which can be genotyped accurately after having performed reexamination .Conclusion SYTO13 can apply for HRM analysis of genotyping classⅠand ⅡSNPs with long amplicon and for clinical routine detection.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of heat shock protein (HSP) 70 on the acute lung injury (ALI) of rats with heat stroke.Methods Sixty four rats were randomly (by employing a random number table) assigned into a sham-heated group (Sham group),heat stress group (HS group),and HS plus gluttamine treatment group (HS+GLN group) and HS plus quercet in treatment group (HS+QU group),16 each.All rats were housed in a artificial climate chamber,with the rats in the sham groups exposed to a temperature of 23 ℃ and humidity of 55％ ± 5％,while the rats of HS,HS+GLN and HS+QU groups to an ambient temperature of 39 ℃ and humidity of 65％.During heat stress or sham heating,rectal temperature (Tr),systolic blood pressure (SBP) and pulse rate (PR) were monitored to observe the difference in heat stress response among the groups.The time point at which the SBP started to drop from the peak level was taken as the point of HS onset.At the onset of HS,heat exposure was terminated,then the rats were immediately removed from the chamber,and returned to room temperature.The rats were scarified 0h and 6h after HS onset respectively.After bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected,the lungs of all animals were harvested for pathological examination of lung injury.The concentrations of IL-1β,TNF-α and IL-6 in BALF and HSP70 in lung homogenate were measured by using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kit.Results Compared with HS and HS+QU groups,the rats in HS+GLN group required significantly greater heat load to induce HS (P＜0.001),and had longer survival time span after HS onset.Compared with Sham group,the concentration of HSP70 in lung homogenate in HS group increased in a time-dependent manner (P＜0.001).In comparison with HS group,the concentration of HSP70 in lung homogenate from HS+GLN group was significantly elevated at each time point (P＜0.001),while the treatment with QU significantly inhibited the expression of HSP70 (P＜0.001).The concentration of IL-1β,TNF-α and IL-6 in BALF significantly decreased in HS+GLN group compared with those in HS group and HS+QU group (P＜0.001).The pathological results showed that the lung injury was milder in HS+GLN group,while the opposite in HS+QU group.Conclusion HSP70 could protect HS rats against ALI by enhancing their thermo-tolerance and inhibiting inflammatory response.