PURPOSE: The purposes of this study was to evaluates shear bond strength between zirconia core and veneer-ceramic in order to examine the clinical practice of colored zirconia block fabricated by infiltration method into the metal chloride solution. MATERIAL AND METHODS: CNU block and Everest(R) ZS blank were used. VITA In-Ceram(R)2000 YZ Coloring liquid (LL1) and 3 aqueous metal chloride solutions containing chromium and molybdenum ingredients were used. 40 zirconia specimens were prepared into cuboid shape (5 x 5 x 10 mm). All specimens were divided into 5 groups by infiltrating into the coloring liquids. After that, porcelain was build up into the shape of 5 x 5 x 4 mm3, followed by sintering. The maximum loading and shear bond strength was measured. Failure patterns and failure sites were examined. RESULTS: 1. There were no statistical differences in shear bond strength between zirconia blocks (P > .05). 2. There were no statistically significant differences in shear bond strength between non-colored and colored zirconia blocks, while shear bond strength of non-colored zirconia blocks is higher than that of colored specimen (P > .05). 3. In the comparison with shear bond strength among colored zirconia blocks, there were no statistical differences according to kinds of coloring liquid (P > .05). 4. Mixed failure patterns were mainly observed in the failure between zirconia and veneering ceramic. The veneering ceramic failure of all specimens was observed in either interface of zirconia or veneering ceramic. CONCLUSION: Shear bond strength between colored zirconia and veneering ceramic shows lower tendency than non-colored zirconia, but there was clinically allowable value.
Ceramics ; Chromium ; Dental Porcelain ; Ethylnitrosourea ; Molybdenum ; Zirconium

The electronic structure of a Lindqvist type [Mo7O24]6- anion with 5 different types of counterion (K+, Na+, NH4+, [NH3Pr]+ and [NH3Pri]+) was calculated by using the Discrete Variational Method coupled with Density Functional Theory (DFT-DVM). It could be concluded through variance analysis to the calculated results that the type of counterion does not influence remarkably the electronic structure of [Mo7O24]6- anions. Perhaps it can be used to explain the experiment fact that the polyoxomolybdate structure of the Mo7O24 framework is apparently of critical significance to antitumor action. On these grounds we forecast that two other lindqvist type heptamolybadates(their counterions are Na+ and [NH3Pr]+ respectively) may also exhibit antitumor activities.
Antineoplastic Agents ; chemistry ; Ions ; chemistry ; Molybdenum ; chemistry

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma (NTAPP) treatment on shear bond strength (SBS) between resin cement and colored zirconia made with metal chlorides. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 60 zirconia specimens were divided into 3 groups using coloring liquid. Each group was divided again into 2 sub-groups using plasma treatment; the experimental group was treated with plasma, and the control group was untreated. The sub-groups were: N (non-colored), C (0.1 wt% aqueous chromium chloride solution), M (0.1 wt% aqueous molybdenum chloride solution), NP (non-colored with plasma), CP (0.1 wt% aqueous chromium chloride solution with plasma), and MP (0.1 wt% aqueous molybdenum chloride solution with plasma). Composite resin cylinders were bonded to zirconia specimens with MDP-based resin cement, and SBS was measured using a universal testing machine. All data was analyzed statistically using a 2-way ANOVA test and a Tukey test. RESULTS: SBS significantly increased when specimens were treated with NTAPP regardless of coloring (P<.001). Colored zirconia containing molybdenum showed the highest value of SBS, regardless of NTAPP. The molybdenum group showed the highest SBS, whereas the chromium group showed the lowest. CONCLUSION: NTAPP may increase the SBS of colored zirconia and resin cement. The NTAPP effect on SBS is not influenced by the presence of zirconia coloring.
Chlorides ; Chromium ; Molybdenum ; Plasma Gases ; Plasma* ; Resin Cements*

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy for spatial resolution and radiation dose of a small-field digital mammographic imaging system using parabolic polycapillary optics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We developed a small-field digital mammographic imaging system composed of a CCD (charge coupled device) detector and an X-ray source coupled with parabolic polycapillary optics. The spatial resolution and radiation dose according to various filters were evaluated for a small-field digital mammographic imaging system. The images of a test standard phantom and breast cancer tissue sample were obtained. RESULTS: The small-field digital mammographic imaging system had spatial resolutions of 12 lp/mm with molybdenum and rhodium filters with a 25-micrometer thickness. With a thicker molybdenum filter (100 micrometer thick), the system had a higher spatial resolution of 11 lp/mm and contrast of 0.48. The radiation dose for a rhodium filter with a 25-micrometer thickness was 0.13 mGy within a 10-mm-diameter local field. A larger field image greater than 10 mm in diameter could be obtained by scanning an object. On the small-field mammographic imaging system, microcalcifications of breast cancer tissue were clearly observed. CONCLUSION: A small-field digital mammographic imaging system with parabolic polycapillary optics may be a useful diagnostic tool for providing high-resolution imaging with a low radiation dose for examination of local volumes of breast tissue.
Equipment Design ; Humans ; Mammography/*instrumentation ; Molybdenum ; Optics and Photonics/*instrumentation ; Phantoms, Imaging ; Radiographic Image Enhancement/*instrumentation ; Rhodium

Hyperphosphatemia develops when there is impaired renal phosphate excretion or massive extracellular fluid phosphate load. For example, renal insufficiency, hypoparathyroidism, exogenous phosphate administration, and extensive cellular injury induce a hyperphosphatemic state. In patients with multiple myeloma, renal insufficiency occurs as a result of hypercalcemia, light chain tubulopathy, urate nephropathy or infection, and hyperphosphatemia usually results from renal failure. We report here a case of a patient with multiple myeloma who had an elevated serum phosphate level measured by the phosphomolybdate UV method without significant renal insufficiency and was finally diagnosed with pseudohyperphosphatemia.
Extracellular Fluid ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia ; Hyperphosphatemia ; Hypoparathyroidism ; Light ; Molybdenum ; Multiple Myeloma ; Phosphoric Acids ; Renal Insufficiency ; Uric Acid

To investigate the effects of molybdenum (Mo) and/or cadmium (Cd) on antioxidant function and the apoptosis-related genes in duck spleens. Sixty healthy 11-day-old ducks were randomly divided into six groups of 10 ducks (control, low Mo group, high Mo, Cd, low Mo + Cd, and high Mo + Cd groups). All were fed a basal diet containing low or high dietary doses of Mo and/or Cd. Relative spleen weight, antioxidant indices, apoptosis-related gene mRNA expression levels, and ultrastructural changes were evaluated after 120 days. The results showed that the relative spleen weight decreased significantly in the high Mo + Cd treatment group which compared with control group. Malondialdehyde levels increased and xanthine oxidase and catalase activities decreased in the Mo and/or Cd groups compared with levels in the control group. Bak-1 and Caspase-3 expressions were upregulated in the high Mo + Cd group, while Bcl-2 was downregulated. In addition, mitochondrial crest fracture, swelling, vacuolation, deformed nuclei, and karyopyknosis in both Mo + Cd treated groups were more severe than in the other groups. The results suggest that Mo and/or Cd can induce oxidative stress and apoptosis of spleen via effects on the mitochondrial intrinsic pathway. Moreover, the results indicate the two elements have a possible synergistic relationship.
Apoptosis* ; Cadmium* ; Caspase 3 ; Catalase ; Diet ; Ducks* ; Malondialdehyde ; Molybdenum* ; Oxidative Stress ; RNA, Messenger ; Spleen* ; Xanthine Oxidase

OBJECTIVEThe aim of the study is to improve the anticorrosive property of the dental FeCrMo soft magnetic alloy covered with TiN film obtained by ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) technology in oral environment.

METHODSThe magnetic force of the FECrMo soft magnetic alloy after TiN film treated were measured by Instron test machine. An advanced electro-chemical method was used to measure the electric potential of corrosion (Ecorr), passive potential (Ep), passive current density (Ip), current density of corrosion (Icorr), polarization resistance (Rp), of FeCrMo soft magnetic alloy in simulated oral environment before and after surface modification.

RESULTSThere were no statistic changes of the magnetic force in 4 groups after alloy with TiN film treated. Comparing with the alloy without surface modified, the Ecorr, Rp of FeCrMo soft magnetic alloy was obviously higher, and the Icorr, Ip and Ep were obviously lower.

CONCLUSIONSThe anticorrosive property of the dental FeCrMo soft magnetic alloy with TiN film is better than that without modified.

Chromium Alloys ; Corrosion ; Dental Alloys ; Dental Prosthesis Retention ; Humans ; Magnetics ; Molybdenum ; Titanium ; pharmacology

The positive regulation of bone-forming osteoblast activity and the negative feedback regulation of osteoclastic activity are equally important in strategies to achieve successful alveolar bone regeneration. Here, a molybdenum (Mo)-containing bioactive glass ceramic scaffold with solid-strut-packed structures (Mo-scaffold) was printed, and its ability to regulate pro-osteogenic and anti-osteoclastogenic cellular responses was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. We found that extracts derived from Mo-scaffold (Mo-extracts) strongly stimulated osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and inhibited differentiation of osteoclast progenitors. The identified comodulatory effect was further demonstrated to arise from Mo ions in the Mo-extract, wherein Mo ions suppressed osteoclastic differentiation by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibiting mitochondrial biogenesis in osteoclasts. Consistent with the in vitro findings, the Mo-scaffold was found to significantly promote osteoblast-mediated bone formation and inhibit osteoclast-mediated bone resorption throughout the bone healing process, leading to enhanced bone regeneration. In combination with our previous finding that Mo ions participate in material-mediated immunomodulation, this study offers the new insight that Mo ions facilitate bone repair by comodulating the balance between bone formation and resorption. Our findings suggest that Mo ions are multifunctional cellular modulators that can potentially be used in biomaterial design and bone tissue engineering.
Bone Regeneration ; Cell Differentiation ; Ions/pharmacology* ; Molybdenum/pharmacology* ; Osteoclasts ; Osteogenesis ; Printing, Three-Dimensional ; Tissue Scaffolds/chemistry*

This study was conducted to investigate dietary intakes, serum concentrations, and urinary excretions of iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), selenium (Se), molybdenum (Mo), and chromium (Cr) of Korean young adult women. A total of 19 apparently healthy young adult women aged in their twenties or thirties participated voluntarily. One-tenth of all foods they consumed for 3 consecutive days were collected, all urine excreted for the same 3 days was gathered, and fasting venous blood was withdrawn for the trace mineral analyses. Of the food, blood, and urine samples, the contents of Zn, Cu, Mn, Se, Mo, and Cr were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) and that of Fe by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) after wet digestion. The intake of Fe, 6.94 +/- 2.18 mg, did not meet the estimated average requirement (EAR) for Korean women aged 20-29 years old. On the contrary, the intakes of Zn (9.35 +/- 4.95 mg), Cu (1.18 +/- 0.26 mg), and Mn (3.69 +/- 0.69 mg) were sufficient for each respective EAR. However, some of the subjects did not take the EAR for Zn. The Se intake, 41.93 +/- 9.28microgram, however, was almost similar to the EAR for Se. Although there are no references for Mo and Cr, the intakes of these minerals (134.0 +/- 49.1 and 136.5 +/- 147.9microgram, respectively) seemed to be excessively sufficient. Serum Fe concentration, 88.7 +/- 36.8microgram/dL, seemed to be a little bit lower than its reference median but within its normal range. Approximately one-fourth of the subjects were in anemic determined by Hb and Hct and below the deficiency serum level of Fe, 60microgram/dL. In addition, serum Se concentration, 3.73 +/- 0.60microgram/dL, was also below its reference median and normal range. However, serum concentrations of Zn (99.6 +/- 30.6microgram/dL) and Mo (0.25 +/- 0.10 microgram/dL) were fairly good compared to each reference median. The status of Cu could be determined as good although its serum concentration (91.6 +/- 14.6microgram/dL) was slightly below its reference median. Since there are no decisive reference values, it was not easy to evaluate serum concentrations of Mn (0.93 +/- 0.85microgram/dL) and Cr (8.60 +/- 7.25microgram/ dL). But Mn and Cr status seemed to be adequate. Urinary Fe excretion, 4.48 +/- 1.98microgram/dL, was pretty much lower than its reference and that of Se, 2.45 +/- 1.17microgram/dL, was also lower than its average. On the other hand, those of Zn (42.95 +/- 20.47microgram/dL) and Cu (5.68 +/- 1.50microgram/dL) were fairly good. In case of Mn, urinary excretion, 0.31 +/- 0.09microgram/ dL, was much greater than its reference. Urinary excretions of Mo (7.48 +/- 2.95microgram/dL) and Cr (1.37 +/- 0.41microgram/dL) were very higher compared to each reference. The results of this study revealed that Korean young adult women were considerably poor in Fe status, a bit inadequate in Se status, partly inadequate in Zn status, and fairly good in Cu, Mn, Mo and Cr status. However, there was a problem of excessive intakes of Mo and Cr. It, therefore, should be concerned to increase the intakes of Fe, Se and Zn but to decrease Mo and Cr consumption for young adult women.
Chromium ; Copper ; Digestion ; Ear ; Fasting ; Female ; Hand ; Humans ; Iron ; Manganese ; Minerals ; Molybdenum ; Reference Values ; Selenium ; Spectrum Analysis ; Young Adult* ; Zinc

OBJECTIVETo evaluated the manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co) and molybdenum (Mo) levels in blood and urine among general population in China, and thereby to analyze their prevalent features.

METHODSFrom 2009 to 2010, a total of 18 120 subjects of general population aged 6-60 years were recruited from 24 districts in 8 provinces in eastern, central and western China mainland, by cluster random sampling method. The information about their living environment and health status were collected by questionnaire, and their blood and urine samples were also collected.Inductive coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was applied to test the Mn, Co and Mo levels of blood and urine samples, and the Mn, Co, Mo distribution in blood and urine among groups of population in different ages and genders were then analyzed.

RESULTSAmong general population in China, the geometric mean (GM) of Mn concentration in blood was 8.98 µg/L. The Mn concentration in blood among males and females were separately 8.14 µg/L and 9.88 µg/L (Z = -18.84, P < 0.01). The GM of Mn concentration in urine was 0.63 µg/L. The Mn concentration in urine among males and females were separately 0.62 µg/L and 0.63 µg/L (Z = -0.67, P > 0.05). The geometric mean (GM) of Co concentration in blood was 0.194 µg/L. The Co concentration in blood among males and females were separately 0.166 µg/L and 0.225 µg/L (Z = -23.04, P < 0.01). The GM of Co concentration in urine was 0.282 µg/L. The Co concentration in urine among males and females were separately 0.260 µg/L and 0.307 µg/L (Z = -7.35, P < 0.01). The GM of Mo concentration in blood was 0.25 µg/L. The Mo concentration in blood among male and female group were separately 0.27 µg/L and 0.23 µg/L (Z = -5.03, P < 0.01). The GM of Mo concentration in urine was 27.7 µg/L. The Mo concentration in urine among males and females were 29.8 µg/L and 25.6 µg/L (Z = -6.31, P < 0.01), respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe Mn, Co and Mo levels in blood and urine varied by gender and area among general population in China, the study provided basic data evidence for the following Mn, Co and Mo biological monitoring studies in near future.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Cobalt ; Environmental Exposure ; Environmental Monitoring ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Manganese ; Middle Aged ; Molybdenum