Objective To analyze the occurrence of the complications after percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) for lumbar disc herniation or stenosis,and to reveal the effective prevention methods.Methods Retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 568 cases who undertaken PELD,and all the related complications,possible causes,prevention and treatment methods were analyzed.Results There were 24 cases of complications occured in all the 568 cases treated with PELD,and the gross incidence rate was 4.23％,including 4 cases of dural laceration(0.70％),3 cases of hemorrhage of intravertebral vein plexus injury(0.53％),6 cases of postoperative wound pain (1.06％),8 cases of postoperative recurrence (1.41％),1 case with persistent symptoms after surgery (0.18％),2 cases of postoperative paresthesia(0.35％).Conclusion PELD is a minimally invasive surgery with high security and low incidence of complications.The effective preventions including careful decision-making,elaborate operation,and precise identification of the anatomical abnormality.