Objective To analyze the drug resistance characteristics of 78 strains of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)for guiding rational use of antibiotics in clinic.Methods 78 strains of MRSA were collected in our hospital from Septem-ber 2013 to March 2014;their antimicrobial susceptibility test and the drug resistant gene were detected by the MIC method and PCR respectively.Results The resistance of MRSA to erythromycin was more than 90%,which to tetracycline and clindamycin was close to 90%,which to quinolones was more than 70%,which to aminoglycosides was more than 50%,which to trimethoprim and sulphame-thoxazole,nitrofurantoin and rifampicin was lower;no strains were resistant to tigecycline,quinupristin/dalfopristin, vancomycin,linezolid;77 strains of MRSA were positive for mecA gene.Conclusion The drug resistance rate of isolated MRSA in our hospital is roughly the same with that reported,but which still has difference among different departments;clinic should select drugs according to the drug susceptibility test results for preventing aggravation of MRSA drug resistance.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of cardioplegic solution containing different concentrations of Shenfu injectio on isolated rabbit heart against ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)injury.Methods Forty adult long-ear white rabbits weighing 3.8-4.2 kg were anesthetized with intraperitoneal thiopental 40 mg?kg~(-1).Heparin 4 mg?kg~(-1) was injected Ⅳ.Hearts were immediately removed and mounted on a Langendorff apparatus and perfused via aorta with Krebs-Henseleit solution aerated at 37℃ with 95 % O_2 and 5 % CO_2.Forty isolated hearts were randomly divided into 5 groups(n=8 each):control group in which cardiac arrest was induced with St Thomas hyperkkaelemic cardioplegic solution and 4 Shenfu groups(SF)in which cardiac arrest was induced with St Thomas cardioplegic solution containing different concentrations of Shenfu injectio:1%(SF1), 5%(SF5),10%(SF10)and 15%(SF15).All hearts in the 5 groups were subjected to global ischemia for 45 min followed by 40 min reperfusion.Coronary effluent was collected after reperfusion for determination of CK-MB activity.Mitochondria were isolated arid Ca~(2+) and MDA content was measured.Myocardial ultrastructure was observed using electron microscope.Mitochondrial injury was assessed by using Flameng score and stereology(NA and ?).Results The CK-MB activity in coronary effluent,mitochondrial MDA and Ca~(2+) content and Flameng score were decreased and NA was increased in group SF1,SF5 and SF10 as compared with control group(P＜ 0.05 or 0.01).The ? of mitochondria was increased in group SF5 and SF10 as compared with control group(P＜ 0.01).The CK-MB activity and Ca~(2+) content were increased and MDA content was decreased in group SF15 as compared with control group(P＜0.05).The pathological damage to myocardium was significantly less in group SF5 and SF10 than in control group.Conclusion Shenfu injectio added to St Thomas cardioplegic solution at concentration of 5%～10% can protect myocardial mitochondria against I/R injury.

Objective To explore the characteristics of approach and avoidance behaviors among subthreshold depressed adolescents. Methods 27 subthreshold depressed adolescents and 29 healthy con?trol teenagers completed the approach?avoidance task,and the reaction time at approach and avoidance task of the two groups was compared. At the same time,their differences were analyzed between the two groups on the Behavioral Inhibition/Activation System Scale scores. Results ( 1 ) Subthreshold depression group (1208.18±338.92)ms) had significantly longer reaction time than those in healthy control group((1058.40 ±204.22)ms) when approaching happy expression ( t=2.02, P<0.05). (2) Subthreshold depression group (37.33±4.46) had significantly lower behavioral activation system scale scores than those in healthy control group ((39.76±3.75), t=-2.21, P<0.05); and the score of reward responsiveness was marginally signifi?cant lower in subthreshold depression group (12.63±1.67) than that in healthy control group ((13.41± 1.30), t=-1.97, P=0.054). Conclusion To activate the approach behaviors of subthreshold depression adolescents may be helpful for reducing the symptoms of depression.

Objective To investigate the influence of salvianolic acid B on the expressions of TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway related proteins in human lung fibroblasts,and to explore the mechanism of the inhibitory effect of Sal B on TGF-β1-induced lung fibroblast activation.Methods The human embryonic lung fibroblasts (MRC-5) were cultured in vitro and randomly divided into control group ( the cells were cultured with DMEM without TGF-β1 or Sal B),Sal B group (the cells were cultured with 10μmol·L-1 Sal B),TGF-β1 group (the cells were cultured with 10μg·L-1 TGF-β1),and TGF-β1 (10μg·L-1 )+ Sal B (10μmol·L-1 )group.The protein levels of p-Smad2,p-Smad3,TβRⅠ,and Smad7 in the fibroblasts in various groups were detected by Western blotting method.Results Compared with control group,the expression levels of p-Smad2,p-Smad3,and TβRⅠproteins in TGF-β1 group were significantly increased (P<0.05),and the expression level of Smad7 protein was decreased (P<0.05).Compared with control group,the expression levels of p-Smad2,p-Smad3,TβRⅠ,and Smad7 proteins in lung fibroblasts in Sal B group had no significant change (P>0.05).Compared with TGF-β1 group,the expression levels of p-Smad2,p-Smad3,and TβRⅠ in TGF-β1+ Sal B group were descended (P<0.05),and the expression level of Smad7 was increased (P<0.05).Conclusion Sal B could suppress the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in lung fibroblasts and to inhibit the TGF-β1-induced lung fibroblast activation.

Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is one of the major molecules in mediating the adhesion between leucocytes and endothelial cells. The article mainly elaborates the expression of ICAM-1 and its effect during cerebral ischemia; it also discusses the interaction between ICAM-1 and other inflammatory cytokines. Anti-ICAM-1 treatment is expected to become one of effective methods in the management of cerebral ischemic injury.

Leukoaraiosis is caused by a variety of diseases. It presents diffuse low density areas in periventricular and subcortical areas (centrum semiovale) on CT or presents diffuse high signals on T2-weighted imaging. Demyelination of white matter fibers caused by arteriopathy is one of the major causes of leukoaraiosis. This article reviews the clinical manifestation, imaging and pathological features of leukoaraiosis, as well as its pathogenesis.

Objective To examine the ability of cancer metastasis to lymph nodes by study of the h(?)o,(?)thology of early gastric cancers. Methods Eighty-one cases of early gastric cancers with lymph node(?)etastasis were used as metastatic group. Another randomly selected 81 cases of early gastric cancer without lymph node metastasis were used as control group. Both groups consisted of 11 cases of intramucosal cancer and 70 cases of submucosal cancer. The location of cancers in tissue was further classified as two categories; the superficial lesions and invasive fronts. In addition, the gastric cancers were hislopathologically divided into three subtypes: differentiated, undifferentiated and the mixed type. The histopathological classification and location of cancers in tissue were similar between the two groups. Results In metastatic group, 40. 7% of the cancer revealed lower differentiation in invasive fronts, much higher than 11.9% in control group (P

According to the registered product standards specification of medical devices, combined with the standard reviewing work, the common problems of standards during medical devices registration were analyzed and corresponding suggestions were proposed to standardize the standard of the registered product, accelerate the standardization and promote the industry standardized.
Device Approval ; Equipment and Supplies ; standards

Objective To investigate the association between tumor necrosis factor(TNF) promot- er polymorphisms and susceptibility to ulcerative colitis(UC) in the Chinese Han population.Methods Blood samples from 110 unrelated UC patients and 292 healthy controls from Zhejiang Province,Eastern China were studied.Genotyping for 6 common TNF promoter polymorphisms (TNF—1031T/C,—863C/A,—857C/T,—380G/A,—308G/A,—238G/A)was carried out using polymerase chain se- quence-specific primer (PCR-SSP).Results TNF—308A was associated with susceptibility to UC (al- lele frequency patients 14.6% vs.controls 8.9%,P=0.02).TNF—857T was increased in patients but did not reach statistical significance (allele frequency 17.3% vs.12.2%,P=0.06).Haplotype analysis revealed 6 haplotypes including two (H5 and H3) which contained TNF-308A.H5 was associ- ated with disease (haplotype frequency patients—12.3% vs.controls 7.5%,P=0.03).Homozygosity for the haplotype H4 comprising the common alleles at each TNF promoter SNP was negatively associat- ed with disease (patients vs.controls 24.5% vs.34.9%,P＜0.05).Conclusions We report first the association of TNF-308A polymorphisms with UC in Chinese patients.The functional study of the poly- morphisms in Chinese Han population is required.

The improvement of hypoxia of tumor cells can effectively reduce their resistance to radiation and chemotherapy and im-prove the cure rate of the tumor. Recently, the compounds which are used to improve hypoxia of tumor cells and reduce radiation resist-ance are no longer just the original electrophilic radiosensitizers, and many potential targets as radiosensitizer for hypoxia also become research focus. Based on the mechanism of tumor hypoxia, the paper summarized the study progresses in four different radiosensitizers including new targeted agents, electrophilic radiotherapy sensitization agents, biological reductants and natural plant extracts.