Anti-Bacterial Agents ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Bacteria ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Bacterial Infections ; drug therapy ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; drug effects ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Superinfection ; drug therapy

Epilepsy, Generalized ; etiology ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Malformations of Cortical Development ; complications

China ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Infant, Newborn

Brain Injuries ; nursing ; Custodial Care ; methods ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared

Action Potentials ; drug effects ; physiology ; Animals ; Female ; Guinea Pigs ; Heart Ventricles ; drug effects ; Papillary Muscles ; drug effects ; physiology ; Progesterone ; pharmacology

Adult ; Female ; Glottis ; Humans ; Laryngeal Mucosa ; transplantation ; Laryngoscopy ; Laryngostenosis ; surgery ; Lasers, Gas ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo observe the short-term and long-term efficacies on primary dysmenorrhea treated with staging acupoint embedment therapy.

METHODSSeventy cases of primary dysmenorrhea were randomized into an embedment therapy group and a fenbid group, 35 cases in each one. In the embedment therapy group, the embedment therapy was applied twice during the menstrual cycle, one treatment 3 days before menstruation and one treatment during the 12th-14th days of menstruation, respectively. Guanyuan (CV 4), Zigong (EX-CA 1), Diji (SP 8) and Ciliao (BL 32) were the main acupoints in the treatment 3 days before menstruation. Shenshu (BL 23), Ganshu (BL 18) and Pishu (BL 20) were the main acupoints in the treatment during menstruation. In the fenbid group, fenbid was prescribed for oral administration, 0.3 g each time, twice a day, starting 3 days before menstruation till pain was relieved. The treatment of one menstrual cycle was one session. The continuous treatment of 3 menstrual cycles was required. The short-term and long-term efficacies were evaluated at the end of the 3rd cycle and in 3 months after the treatment terminal. The dysmenorrhea score was used to evaluate the efficacy. Visual analogue scale (VAS) and SF-36 were for the assessment of pain degree and life quality.

RESULTS(1) The total effective rate was 91.4% (32/35) in the embedment therapy group after the 3 menstrual cycles, which was better than 74.3% (26/35) in the fenbid group (P < 0.01). In the follow-up stage, the total effective rate was 91.4% (32/35) in the embedment therapy group, which was better than 40.0% (14/35) in the fenbid group (P < 0.01). (2) The differences were not significant in dysmenorrhea score and VAS score after the 1st and 2nd menstrual cycle treatments between the two groups (all P > 0.05). In the 3rd menstrual cycle and the follow-up stage, the dysmenorrhea score and VAS score were reduced obviously in the embedment therapy group as compared with those in the fenbid group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The rebound effect occurred in the follow-up stage in the fenbid group. (3) In the 3rd menstrual cycle and the follow-up stage, the improvement in the total score of life quality of the embedment therapy group was superior apparently to the fenbid group (P < 0.05, P < 0. 01).

CONCLUSIONThe staging acupoint embedment therapy achieves the superior short-term and long-term efficacies as compared with the oral administration of fenbid in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. As the symptoms of dysmenorrhea and pain are relieved, the life quality is improved.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; instrumentation ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Catgut ; utilization ; Dysmenorrhea ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Pain Measurement ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the changes of the amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) tracings within 6 hours after birth in term infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and explore the value of aEEG in early diagnosis and prediction of neurological outcome in term infants.

METHODSFrom May 2003 to February 2005, 33 term infants with HIE at the Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Hospital of Fudan University were studied by aEEG within 6 hours after birth. The results of aEEG were categorized into three groups (normal, mildly abnormal and severely abnormal aEEG), while HIE was clinically classified into three grades (mild, moderate and severe) and the neurological outcomes at 18 months were assessed (normal, disabled and dead). The correlation between the results of aEEG, severity of HIE and neurological outcome at 18 months were analyzed, respectively. The values of aEEG on early diagnosis and neurological outcome prediction of HIE were analyzed.

RESULTSAmong the 33 term infants with HIE, 20 infants had normal aEEG (normal amplitude aEEG), 5 had mildly abnormal aEEG (4 with mildly abnormal amplitude aEEG, 1 with normal amplitude and seizure) and 8 had severely abnormal aEEG (2 with mildly abnormal aEEG and seizures, 4 with severely abnormal amplitude and 2 with severely abnormal amplitude and seizures), respectively. Seventeen infants (51.5%) had mild HIE, 19 moderate (27.3%) and 7 (21.2%) severe HIE, respectively. Twenty-five cases were followed up, which showed that 19 had normal neurological outcome, 1 had disability and 5 died. By CMH square analysis and Spearman rank correlation analysis, the results of aEEG classification were correlated with the severity of HIE and the neurological outcome of term infants. Abnormal aEEG could predict the severity of HIE in term infants with a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 81.3%, positive predictive value of 85.0% and negative predictive value of 100%, respectively. Abnormal aEEG could predict the neurological outcome of term infants with HIE, which showed a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 90.9%, positive predictive value of 93.3% and negative predictive value of 100%, respectively. Severely abnormal aEEG could predict the severe HIE in term infants with sensitivity of 96.2%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 100% and negative predictive value of 87.5%, respectively. Severely abnormal aEEG could predict the neurological outcome of term infants with HIE, which showed sensitivity of 94.7%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 100% and negative predictive value of 85.7%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSMonitoring with aEEG in term infants with HIE within 6 hours after birth could predict the severity of HIE and its neurological outcome at 18 months.

Early Diagnosis ; Electroencephalography ; methods ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; diagnosis ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Prognosis ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Severity of Illness Index ; Term Birth

To study the application characteristics of copovidone (PVP-S630) in Xinyueshu extracts during the spray drying process, and its effect on such pharmaceutical properties as micromeritics and drug release behavior. PVP-S630 was added into Xinyueshu extracts to study on the spray drying, the effect of different dosages of PVP-S630 against the wall sticking effect of the spray drying, as well as the power property of Xinyueshu spray drying power and the dissolution in vitro behavior of the effective component of hyperoside. The results showed that PVP-S630 revealed a significant anti-wall sticking effect, with no notable change in the grain size of the spray drying power, increase in the fluidity, improvement in the moisture absorption and remarkable rise in the dissolution in vitro behavior of hyperoside. It was worth further studying the application of PVP-S630 in spray drying power of traditional Chinese medicine.
Absorption ; Desiccation ; methods ; Drug Compounding ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Porosity ; Powders ; Pyrrolidines ; chemistry ; Vinyl Compounds ; chemistry ; Wettability