This paper explored the educational reform of dispensing Chinese drugherbs. The education reform included implementing the project of teaching methods, implementing modern experimental methods, cultivating comprehensive quality of students, training students' creative thinking, and stimulating the initiative of students. All these strategies could improve the quality of teaching and make students' comprehensive abilities meet the demand.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of serum homocysteine (Hcy),Cystatin C (CysC) detection in coronary heart disease prevention,diagnosis and treatment.Methods A total of 200 cases of coronary heart disease patients including 50 cases of acute myocardiac infarction (AMI) (AMI group),85 cases of unstable angina pectoris (UAP)(UAP group.) and 65 cases of stable angina pectoris (SAP) (SAP group) were selected,and 120 cases of healthy controls were selected as control group.The serum levels of Hcy and CysC were detected and compared.Results The serum levels of Hcy and CysC in AMI group,UAP group and SAP group were significandy higher than those in control group[Hcy:(22.35 ± 8.18),(16.54±7.56),(14.52±6.38) μmol/Lvs.(9.35±3.23) μmol/L; CysC:(1.32±0.27),(1.88± 0.66),(1.19 ± 0.46) mg/L vs.(0.80 ± 0.33) mg/L],and there were significant differences between two groups (P＜ 0.01).The serum level of Hcy in AMI group was higher than that in UAP group and SAP group [(22.35 ± 8.18) μ mol/L vs.(16.54 ± 7.56),(14.52 ± 6.38) μ mol/L],and there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The relationship between Hcy,CysC level and coronary heart disease is close,and Hcy levels increase with increasing degree of coronary heart disease.Detection of Hcy and CysC has some clinical value on prevention,diagnosis,treatment of coronary heart disease.

Objective To evaluate the development of immature oocytes after freezing-thawing by conventional cryopreservation method for mature oocytes.Methods Immature oocytes were collected from stimulated ovaries of intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI)cycles.Immature oocytes were in vitro matured directly or after slow freezing-fast thawing and immunostained for tubulin and chromatin and at last visualized by confocal microscopy.Results No statistical difference was found in maturity rate between freezing groups and the controls.There was a statistically significant increase in abnormalities of chromosome(23.7% vs. 50%)and spindle(28.9% vs.53.9%)in the GV freezing group compared with the GV control(P

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and risk factors of diabetic foot (DF) patients with type 2 diabetic mellitus.Methods The data of 62 DF patients with type 2 diabetic mellitus included age, sex, the duration of disease, the concentrations of HbA1C, hemoglobin (Hb), blood-lipids, electromyogram, CDFI of lower extremities artery were analyzed retrospectively and compared with 60 patients with type 2 diabetic mellitus, but without DF.Results The factors of age, sex, Hb, albumin, electromyogram, CDFI of lower extremities artery were significantly different between two groups ( P<0.05), but no significant difference in the duration of disease, fasting blood-glucose, HBA1C, glomerular filtration rate, blood-lipids ( P>0.05).Conclusion The senility, male, peripheral neuropathy and peripheral vessel disease are the risk factors of DF with type 2 diabetic mellitus, and anemia and hypoproteinemia are often occurred in such patients.

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) in internal migrants is one of three threats for TB control in China. To address this threat, a project was launched in eight of the 19 districts of Shanghai in 2007 to provide transportation subsidies and living allowances for all migrant TB cases. This study aims to determine if this project contributed to improved TB control outcomes among migrants in urban Shanghai. Methods: This was a community intervention study. The data were derived from the TB Management Information System in three project districts and three non-project districts in Shanghai between 2006 and 2010. The impact of the project was estimated in a difference-in–difference (DID) analysis framework, and a multivariable binary logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 1872 pulmonary TB (PTB) cases in internal migrants were included in the study. The treatment success rate (TSR) for migrant smear-positive cases in project districts increased from 59.9% in 2006 to 87.6% in 2010 (P < 0.001). The crude DID improvement of TSR was 18.9%. There was an increased probability of TSR in the project group before and after the project intervention period (coefficient = 1.156, odds ratio = 3.178, 95% confidence interval: 1.305–7.736, P = 0.011). Conclusion: The study showed the project could improve treatment success in migrant PTB cases. This was a short-term programme using special financial subsidies for all migrant PTB cases. It is recommended that project funds be continuously invested by governments with particular focus on the more vulnerable PTB cases among migrants.

BACKGROUNDEndocervical epithelial cells play early roles in the defense of upper female genital tract to pathogens. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and human defensins (HD) have recently been identified as fundamental components of the innate immune responses to bacterial pathogens. We aimed to use in vitro model of human primary endocervical epithelial cells (HPECs) to investigate their roles in innate immune response of the endocervix.

METHODSTLR4 expression and distribution in HPECs and endocervix were investigated by immunofluorescence (IF). Cultured HPECs were divided into lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group which were treated by LPS for 0, 24 and 48 hours, and control group without treatment. At each time point, the levels of HD5, IL-6 and TNF-alpha in supernants were determined by ELISA. TLR4 and HD5 expressions of cells were detected by Western blotting simultaneously. HD5 expression pattern was also compared between the HeLa cell line and HPECs.

RESULTSEndocervix tissue surface and HPECs expressed TLR4. After incubated with LPS, HPECs expressed significantly higher levels of TLR4 than control group, especially after 24 hours (P < 0.01), however decreased after 48 hours with a similar level of TLR4 expression compared with control group. LPS could upregulate the secretion of HD5, IL-6 and TNF-alpha in a time-dependent manner (24 hours: P < 0.05; 48 hours: P < 0.01, compared with control group). Intracellular HD5 expression levels decreased over time. HD5 expression patterns in HPECs were different from HeLa cell line.

CONCLUSIONSTo respond to LPS stimulation, HPECs may function in the mucosal immune defense through TLR4 activation and HD5 secretion. HPEC is considered a significant model for immunological study.

Blotting, Western ; Cells, Cultured ; Cervix Uteri ; cytology ; Enzyme-Linked Immunospot Assay ; Epithelial Cells ; metabolism ; Female ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Interleukin-6 ; metabolism ; Toll-Like Receptor 4 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism ; alpha-Defensins ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the epidemiology of bacterial infections after liver transplantation and anaIyze the antimi- crobial susceptibility of major pathogens to provide reference for clinical therapy.Methods A retrospective survey was conduc ted in 174 patients who underwent liver transplantation during 2001 and 2004.Identification and susceptibility of pathogens were assayed by Microscan Walkaway 40 Automatic System.Results Infection was identified in 59.8% of the 174 patients after liver transplantation.A total of 218 non-duplicate strains were isolated.Most infections were caused by single pathogen.The infection was frequently identified in respiratory tract,biliary tract,blood stream or intra-abdominal cavity.The top 5 patho- gens were Acinetobacter baumannii,Staphylococcus aureus,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Escherichia coli.Gram-negative bacilli were usually resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents,but less resistant to piperacillin- tazobactam or imipenem.Most of S.aureus isolates were methicillin-resistant,which were susceptible to vancomyein.Conclu- sions Pathogens of postoperative infections in liver transplantation recipients are mostly multi-drug resistant.The microbiologi- cal surveillance is important for guiding clinical therapy.

Objective To investigate auditory sensory gating potential in the siblings of schizophrenic, to discover the neuroimaging features of sensory gating associated with schizophrenia as intermediate phenotypes. Methods Twelve siblings of schizophrenia patients in the first episodic, and 12 healthy controls matched in gender, age, education under?went MRI scan when performing a auditory sensory gating fMRI task (repeated clicks and single click auditory stimuli). The measure of sensory gating was the contrast of repeated clicks minus single click. The analysis of result was imple?mented in SPM2. Results Compared with healthy controls, schizophrenia patients showed significant overactivation in the right inter cingulate gyrus (x=4,y=8,z=32) and left anterior cingulate gyrus (x=-8,y=4,z=28) during the fMRI senso?ry gating task. Conclusion Sensory gating is overactivated in the cingulate gyrus in siblings of schizophrenic. This pat?tern may be a potential endophenotype of schizophrenia.

Objective To grasp bilirubin in the quality control serum and calibration items in the same batch the variation law of the designed to ensure that the test quality and the use of reasonable quality control serum and calibration items ,control testing cost .Methods laboratories use The double level quality control serum and calibration items after dilution is divided into five groups ,with automatic biochemical analyzer test for 12 weeks and recorded results of TBIL ,DBIL .use SPSS 17 .0 to calculate the mean ,standard deviation ,coefficient of variation ,Normal distribution analysis and make the results trend line chart to observe any changes .Results RANDOX normal concentration quality control serum TBIL and DBIL values variation RCV% 26 .0% ,48 .2% , more than CLIA bilirubin projects allow 1/3 of the total error value(6 .67% ) .Normal distribution test ,P value was 0 .006 ,0 .012 , less than 0 .05 ,do not obey the normal distribution ,test results line chart is on the decline .LEADMAN high concentration quality control serum and bilirubin calibration items TBIL and DBIL variation RCV% <6 .67% ,normal distribution test all P>0 .05 ,obey the normal distribution ,test results no trend line chart .Conclusion Through the experiment observation to the quality control ser‐um and calibration items bilirubin in the variation law of 12 weeks .Experimenter can be used according to the actual situation to ad‐just ,not only to ensure the quality of the bilirubin test ,and to get the most out of the quality control serum and calibration items use efficiency ,reduce the test cost .

The anti-inflammatory and antibacterial mechanisms of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) ameliorating lung injury in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) mice induced by cigarette smoke and Haemophilus Parainfluenza (HPi) were studied.The experiment was divided into four groups in vivo:control group,COPD group,COPD+HPi group,and COPD+HPi+MSCs group.The indexes of emphysematous changes,inflammatory reaction and lung injury score,and antibacterial effects were evaluated in all groups.As compared with control group,emphysematous changes were significantly aggravated in COPD group,COPD+HPi group and COPD+HPi+MSCs group (P＜0.01),the expression of necrosis factor-kappaB (NF-κB) signal pathway and proinflammatory cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were increased (P＜0.01),and the phagocytic activity of alveolar macrophages was downregulated (P＜0.01).As compared with COPD group,lung injury score,inflammatory cells and proinflammatory cytokines were significantly increased in the BALF of COPD+HPi group and COPD+HPi+MSCs group (P＜0.01).As compared with COPD+HPi group,the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α stimulated protein/gene 6 (TSG-6) was increased,the NF-κB signal pathway was depressed,proinflammatory cytokine was significantly reduced,the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was increased,and lung injury score was significantly reduced in COPD+HPi+MSCs group.Meanwhile,the phagocytic activity of alveolar macrophages was significantly enhanced and bacterial counts in the lung were decreased.The results indicated cigarette smoke caused emphysematous changes in mice and the phagocytic activity of alveolar macrophages was decreased.The lung injury of acute exacerbation of COPD mice induced by cigarette smoke and HPi was alleviated through MSCs transplantation,which may be attributed to the fact that MSCs could promote macrophages into anti-inflammatory phenotype through secreting TSG-6,inhibit NF-κB signaling pathway,and reduce inflammatory response through reducing proinflammatory cytokines and promoting the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine.Simultaneously,MSCs could enhance phagocytic activity of macrophages and bacterial clearance.Meanwhile,we detected anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activity of macrophages regulated by MSCs in vitro.As compared with RAW264.7+HPi+CSE group,the expression of NF-κB p65,IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α was significantly reduced,and the phagocytic activity of macrophages was significantly increased in RAW264.7+HPi+CSE+MSCs group (P＜0.01).The result indicated the macrophages co-cultured with MSCs may inhibit NF-κB signaling pathway and promote phagocytosis by paracrine mechanism.