Mathematics is increasingly applied in medicine and health in the world and Vietnam. Because of characteristics of health sector, the applied mathematics has been being used in the scientific research, health statistics, policy making, health plan, diagnosis and treatment etc to strengthen the activities of people protection and care. However, it should enhance the links and combination of the medicine and health activity with natural science including mathematics and social science in the future in Vietnam
Mathematics ; Medicine

For pharmacometricians, probability theory is the very first obstacle towards the statistics since it is solely founded on mathematics. The purpose of this tutorial is to provide a simple version of introduction to a univariate random variable, its mean, variance, and the correlation coefficient of two random variables using as simple mathematics as possible. The definitions and theorems in this tutorial appear in most of the statistics books in common. Most examples are small and free of subjects like coins, dice, and binary signals so that the readers can intuitively understand them.
Mathematics ; Numismatics ; Probability Theory

Vigilance is defined as the ability to maintain attention for prolonged periods of time. In order to explore the variation of brain vigilance in work process, we designed addition and subtraction experiment with numbers of three digits to induce the vigilance to change, combined it with psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) to measure this process of electroencephalogram (EEG), extracted and analyzed permutation entropy (PE) of 11 cases of subjects' EEG and made a brief comparison with nonlinear parameter sample entropy (SE). The experimental results showed that: PE could well reflect the dynamic changes of EEG when vigilance decreases, and has advantages of fast arithmetic speed, high noise immunity, and low requirements for EEG length. This can be used as a measure of the brain vigilance indicators.
Attention ; Brain ; physiology ; Electroencephalography ; Entropy ; Humans ; Mathematics

Machine learning is where a machine (i.e., computer) determines for itself how input data is processed and predicts outcomes when provided with new data. An artificial neural network is a machine learning algorithm based on the concept of a human neuron. The purpose of this review is to explain the fundamental concepts of artificial neural networks.
Artificial Intelligence ; Humans ; Machine Learning ; Mathematics* ; Neurons

Cause of Death ; Humans ; Life Expectancy ; Mathematics ; Quality of Life ; Value of Life

Cluster Analysis ; Fuzzy Logic ; Humans ; Mathematics ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Digital medicine is an important development of the modern medicine and the computer-aided surgery is an important part of the digital medicine. Applications of digital techniques in the computer aided preoperative planning are elucidated in the paper. Techniques of computer-aided design and computer aided manufacture have been widely used in the fields of customized prosthesis replacement, design and manufacture of customized surgical tools and medical auxiliary instruments and here some clinical cases are introduced. The fundamental technologies used in the surgical navigation and related clinical applications are also explained. The development trend of the computer aided surgery is described and it is concluded that the computer-aided surgery has a bright future.
Computer-Aided Design ; Mathematics ; Surgery, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; trends

In this symposium, we reviewed the principle and development of time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy measurement. Its method of measurement, characteristics and applications in the research of biomacromolecule, configuration and molecular structure have been discussed. Its potential applications are also illustrated.
Fluorescence Polarization ; methods ; Macromolecular Substances ; Mathematics ; Models, Molecular ; Time Factors

The theories of Shushu in the literature of Qin and Han periods are reorganized and expositions of foreigner scholars about ancient way of thought are consulted, and compared with the recordation about the ebb-flow of ying-qi and the length of meridians in ancient medical books to probe into the relationship between Shushu and these recordation. It is found that the ebb-flow of ying-qi and the length of meridians are completely conform with the principle of Shushu, i. e. the ebb-flow degrees of ying-qi and the length of meridians all are deduced from Shushu for building the close inseparable response relation between nature and humans. Because Shushu can not be verified, modern scientific methods are not suitable to the study on the ebb-flow of ying-qi.
Humans ; Mathematics ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Meridians ; Qi ; Yin-Yang

Human genome has structures of haplotype and haplotype block which provide valuable information on human evolutionary history and may lead to the development of more efficient strategies to identify genetic variants that increase susceptibility to complex diseases. Haplotype block can be divided into discrete blocks of limited haplotype diversity. In each block, a small fraction of ptag SNPsq can be used to distinguish a large fraction of the haplotypes. These tag SNPs can be potentially useful for construction of haplotype and haplotype block, and association studies in complex diseases. There are two general classes of methods to construct haplotype and haplotype blocks based on genotypes on large pedigrees and statistical algorithms respectively. The author evaluate several construction methods to assess the power of different association tests with a variety of disease models and block-partitioning criteria. The advantages, limitations and applications of each method and the application in the association studies are discussed equitably. With the completion of the HapMap and development of statistical algorithms for addressing haplotype reconstruction, ideas of construction of haplotype based on combination of mathematics, physics, and computer science etc will have profound impacts on population genetics, location and cloning for susceptible genes in complex diseases, and related domain with life science etc.
Algorithms ; Computational Biology ; Computer Simulation ; Haplotypes ; genetics ; Humans ; Mathematics ; Methods ; Models, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; genetics