The data obtained from 106 7th grade boys and 224 8th grade boys were analyzed in terms of the inter-relationships among the results of various test items. The conclusions obtained from the analysis were summarized as follow :
1) No difference associated with the grade level was observed in the performances of side-step test, and chinning.
2) The group classified as heavy group in term of the body weight demonstrated a superior performances in dash shorter than 400 meters, whe reas the group classified as light-weight group did better in distance run of 1500 meters and 2000 meters.
3) The performances in distance-run longer than 1500 meters correlated higher with the performances in 100-meter dash rather than the scores of step test or the measures of lung capacity.
4) The negative correlation between the distance of broad jump and the time of 25-meter dash was higher in 8th grade boys than it was in 7th grade boys than it was in 7th grade boys.
5) For the 8th grade boys, the group 50-55 kg of body weight performed best in back strength and vertical jump, whereas the group 45-50 kg. body weight perfo-rmed best in chinning and elbow flexion strength. In these tests, the said two grou-ps ranked at the peak, and the performances decrease in both directions of larger and smaller body weight.

In order to invesigate the changes in volitional muscular strength associated to the human growth, the five repetitive measures of maximal grip strength and the abilities of lifting the barbells in “curl” and “press” were examined.
1) Considerable differences associated to sex and age were observed in the decrement rate of the repeated grip strength. As the greatest rate of decrement was recorded for the ages from 14 to 23 years, it was considered that this decrement was due to the variation in the integrating mechanism of the contractile forces involving the nervous system or the fatigue of this mechanism, rather than the fatigue of the muscle itself.
2) The difference in ability of “press” between the two sexes became greater in accrodance with the advance in age. However, the improvement in the ability showed a linear increment both for the boys and girls, and there observed no particular stage in the course of development.
3) Up until age of 10 years, there was no difference in the ability of “curl”, which is associated to the sex, and the increment was linear. After the age of 11 years, the increment was accelerated both for the boys and girls. The ability in “curl” approached to that of “press” in boys, whereas, the ability in “curl” in the case of the girls exeeded that of “press.” The static muscular strength of the girls seemed to be considerably greater than the level assumed by the popular belief.
4) From the observations of the upper arm position in the “press” motion, the muscular development seemed to proceed from the trunk to the extremities. In this connection, the age around 8 or 9 years can be regarded as the period during which the muscular development is completed in some extent.
5) Among the boys younger than the age of 10 years, a great number of the boys failed to maintain their elbows at the right angle for a period of 5 seconds, after they “curl” the weight in the position. It was speculated that the balance between the “active” strength and the “passive” strength in muscles is established some time around the age of 10 years.

A certain inhibitory effect upon the function of deep sensory mechanism of the muscle seems to be associated with the improvement of muscular strength resulted from an intensive training. At the basic weight around 1.0-3.5kg., a trained person shows : (1) a decrement in the ability of identifying different weights held in both hands ; and (2) a decrement in the ability of gradgin the half-way strength of the maximum grip strength. Even after the repeated five trials, these subjects could not approach the half-way strength in their self-grading muscular strength.
When the maximum exertion was repeated five times in the measures of grip strength or leg extension, the performance in the fifth trial is usually considerably worse than that in the first trial. This decrement rate varies considerably in accordance with the difference in the training method. As the mechanism of muscular exertion is habituated to labor, the decrement rate becomes smaller. In this measurement, the muscular ability in single maximum exertion is the concern ranther than the fatigue of the muscle.
The contact dimension of the foot to the ground decreases with the movement of the lower legs. By measuring this dimension, the amount of the milking action in the muscles may be estimated. There is no correlation between the amount of the milking action and the muscular strength in the static contraction.

Traditionally, treatment for thyroid diseases is associated with very high mortality and morbidity. Various techniques been performed in the past including finger dissection and the use of finger nails to remove the thyroid tissues. The earliest reported thyroidectomy was probably by Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi or Albucasis. It was mentioned that, he performed an enucleation of a thyroid nodule in the 11th century in Spain. This was followed by Salerno in the twelfth centuries, using different technique, including setons, hot irons and caustic powders. The first documented partial thyroidectomy was performed by Pierre Joseph Desault in 1791. But at that time, thyroidectomy was considered as a barbaric surgery with high mortality. The poor result and high mortality had lead to the imprisonment of surgeons and total ban of the operation by the French Academy of Medicine in 1850. The advancement of thyroid surgery was most obvious in the second half of the nineteenth century when Theodor Billroth managed to reduce the mortality dramatically, thanks to the establishment of antisepsis, arterial ligation and precise capsular dissection which was introduced at the same time. There was further improvement on the mortality of the thyroid surgeries to almost zero, but the basic principles remain the same: identification of the recurrent laryngeal nerves and preservation of the parathyroid glands. What becoming a more important issue is the surgery now been performed for smaller thyroid for cosmetic reason, with the need to avoid visible scar in the neck