No abstract available.
Animals ; Germinal Center* ; Lymph Nodes* ; Mice*

Follicular dendritic cell sarcomas (FDCS) are rare neoplasms that involve lymph nodes or extranodal sites. They show varied histological features and thus can be mistaken for carcinoma or sarcoma. Correct identification is important for further management. A 43-year-old Indian female presented with a three-month history of progressive swelling at the right inguinal region. It was excised completely and was reported as lymph node with metastatic poorly differentiated carcinoma based on Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain findings. Computerized tomography (CT) scans of thorax, abdomen and pelvis were normal and did not reveal a primary site. Following this, the case was referred to one of the authors. The slides were reviewed and a variety of immunocytochemical markers were done. The tumour cells were negative for epithelial, melanocytic, neural, leucocyte and soft tissue tumour markers. They were immunopositive for CD21, CD35 and negative for CD68. Based on the immunocytochemical findings, a final diagnosis of FDCS was made. This case highlights the histological and immunophenotypical profile of a rare tumour which requires a high index of suspicion for diagnosis.
lymph nodes ; Follicular ; Malignant neoplasm musculoskeletal ; Dendritic Cells ; Diagnostic

BACKGROUND: Nodal marginal zone lymphoma (NMZL) is a rare B-cell neoplasm consisting of heterogeneous cellular components and residual B-cell follicles. Because of such histological features, it is difficult to diagnose NMZL by fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology. We reviewed FNA cytology of NMZL to identify a cytological clue to avoid misdiagnosing NMZL. METHODS: Histological, cytological, and clinical findings of seven cases of NMZL were reviewed. RESULTS: Most cases showed nodular aggregates of lymphohistiocytes derived from the germinal center irrespective of histological pattern. The cellular components were heterogeneous and composed of mature small lymphocytes, intermediate and large lymphocytes, immunoblasts, tingible body macrophages, and follicular dendritic cells. Intermediate-sized neoplastic cells with a pale nucleus were observed but difficult to identify because of admixed non-neoplastic cells, which outnumbered neoplastic cells. Except for one case with a high proportion of intermediate-sized cells, the other six cases were initially diagnosed as reactive hyperplasia. A flow cytometric analysis was performed in two cases and failed to demonstrate a monoclonal B-cell population. CONCLUSIONS: The FNA showing a reactive hyperplasia-like smear pattern should be carefully observed by experienced cytopathologists to identify intermediate-sized neoplastic cells. Clinical information including the size of the lymph nodes is important to avoid a misdiagnosis.
B-Lymphocytes ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Dendritic Cells, Follicular ; Diagnostic Errors ; Germinal Center ; Hyperplasia ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphocytes ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone ; Macrophages

Follicular dendritic cells (FDC) are non-lymphoid, non-phagocytic accessory cells of the immune system and these cells are essential for antigen presentation and regulation of the reactions in germinal centers. Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDCS) is a rare neoplasm that shows a low-to-intermediate malignant potential. The most commonly involved sites are the lymph nodes, but FDCS may also occur at a variety of extranodal sites, including the oral cavity, tonsils, gastrointestinal tract and liver. We describe here a 79-year-old woman who had FDCS with extensive lymph node involvement, dry cough, and an itching sensation. The patient improved after systemic chemotherapy.
Aged ; Antigen Presentation ; Cough ; Dendritic Cell Sarcoma, Follicular ; Dendritic Cells ; Dendritic Cells, Follicular ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Germinal Center ; Humans ; Immune System ; Liver ; Lymph Nodes ; Mouth ; Palatine Tonsil ; Pruritus ; Sensation

OBJECTIVETo improve the understanding of progressive transformation of lymph node germinal centers (PTGC) and to explore its clinical, histopathologic and immunohistochemical features and the differential diagnosis between the related disease of germinal center hyperplasia.

METHODSThe clinical manifestation, laboratory bindings, treatment and outcome of a patient with PTGC were presented.

RESULTSThe main manifestation of the patient was painless peripheral lymphadenopathy. Histopathologic examination of an axillary lymph node showed reactive follicular hyperplasia and the progressive transformation changes germinal centers. The borderline between the germinal center and the mantle layer was obscured. The cells in the progressive transforming germinal centers were positive for CD20(+), CD5(+), CDw75(+).

CONCLUSIONPTGC is a rare lymphoid disorder. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry are important basis of the diagnosis.

No abstract available.
Lymph Nodes*

No abstract available.
Lymph Nodes*

First described in 1975 by Lennert and Muller-Hermelink, progressively transforming germinal centers(PTGC) are follicular structures that are at least two to three times the diameter of a reactive follicle and are composed of small B lymphocytes with scattered centroblasts and follicular dendritic cells. PTGC may resemble the nodules of lymphocyte predominance Hodgkin's disease(NLPHD) and are often seen in lymph nodes involved by NLPHD. The distinction between NLPHD and PTGC are difficult because of their histologic similarities. Many authors performed an immunohistochemical study to determine whether there might be immunophenotypic differences between these two processes to aid in the differential diagnosis. We experienced PTGC in sibling and two cases is presented with the review of literatures.
B-Lymphocytes ; Dendritic Cells, Follicular ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes* ; Lymphocytes ; Neck* ; Siblings

Castleman's disease represents an atypical lymphoproliferative disorder, infrequently associated with various immunologic abnormalities or subsequent development of malignancy such as Kaposi sarcoma, malignant lymphoma and plasmacytoma. Its clinicopathologic features depend on various etiologic factors such as Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV), oversecretion of IL-6, adhesion molecule and follicular dendritic cell dysplasia, etc. To investigate the relationship of Castleman's disease (CD) and the above factors, we reviewed 22 cases of CD. Four cases of KSHV positive CD were detected, all multicentric, plasma cell type, and these cases displayed prominent vascular proliferation, characteristic 'Kaposi-like lesion'. IL-6 and CD54 positive mononuclear cells were scattered in interfollicular areas of KSHV positive cases. Follicular dendritic cell hyperplasia, vascular proliferation, expression of IL-6 and CD54 did not show any significant difference between solitary vs multicentric type, and plasma cell type vs hyaline vascular type. Our study suggests that KSHV positive CD reveals unique pathologic features, and the probable relationship of KSHV and IL-6 and CD54 is discussed.
Adolescence ; Adult ; Biological Markers ; Dendritic Cells, Follicular/pathology ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/virology ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/epidemiology ; Female ; Germinal Center/pathology ; Giant Lymph Node Hyperplasia/virology ; Giant Lymph Node Hyperplasia/pathology+ACo- ; Giant Lymph Node Hyperplasia/epidemiology ; Giant Lymph Node Hyperplasia/classification ; Herpesviridae Infections/virology ; Herpesviridae Infections/epidemiology ; Herpesvirus 4, Human/isolation +ACY- purification ; Herpesvirus, Kaposi Sarcoma-Associated/isolation +ACY- purification ; Human ; Hyperplasia ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/analysis ; Interleukin-6/analysis ; Korea/epidemiology ; Lymph Nodes/virology ; Lymph Nodes/pathology ; Lymph Nodes/chemistry ; Male ; Middle Age ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; Receptors, Complement 3d/analysis ; Retrospective Studies ; Tumor Virus Infections/virology ; Tumor Virus Infections/epidemiology

Follicular dendritic cell (FDC) sarcoma is a neoplastic proliferation of FDCs. Because its cytologic findings can vary widely, both the cytomorphology and histopathology of FDC sarcoma can impose a significant diagnostic dilemma. We present cytologic features of FDC sarcoma assessed by intraoperative touch imprint. Intra-abdominal lymphadenopathies were noted in 54-year-old male with hepatitis B-virus associated liver cirrhosis. In contrast to cytologic features of classical FDC sarcoma, the tumor cells featured a large epithelioid or Reed-Sternberg cell-like shape scattered in a background with abundant inflammatory cells, which led to a mistaken diagnosis of malignant lymphoma. However, in accordance with cytologic features previously described in the literature, the tumor cells were characterized by a fragile cytoplasm with cytoplasmic processes in dendritic or reticulated patterns reminiscent of the ultrastructural features of FDC. Cytoplasmic features rendering nuclei with a tendency to form clusters or syncytial aggregates associated with reactive lymphocytes appear to be the most valuable finding in diagnosis of FDC sarcoma.
Cytoplasm ; Dendritic Cell Sarcoma, Follicular ; Dendritic Cells ; Dendritic Cells, Follicular ; Hepatitis ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphocytes ; Lymphoma ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sarcoma