OBJECTIVETo study the influence of different drying methods on the quality of Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus and thus provide useful reference for its proper drying methods.

METHODSchisandrae Chinensis Fructus was processed by eight drying methods including vacuum freeze drying, natural drying in the shade, drying in the sun, oven drying and vacuum drying under different temperature. The contents of the functional ingredients includes chisandrin, gomisin D, gomisin J, schisandrol B, angeloylgomisin H, angeloylgomisin Q, gomisin G, schisantherin A, deoxyschisandrin, schisandrin B, schisandrin C, 5-HMF, total aids and total sugars. The main components change after drying were analyzed by HPLC, ultraviolet spectrophotometry and potentiometric titration. Principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out by SPSS software to evaluate the quality of different processed products from Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus.

RESULTAll these results are in accordance with the requirements of Chinese Pharmacopoeia published in 2010, the contents of schisandrin and total eleven lignans were the highest using vacuum drying, and 5-HMF were the lower, oven drying made little difference but with lower schisandrin and higher 5-HMF as the heat increased.

CONCLUSIONDifferent drying methods have significant influence on the quality of Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus. Oven drying under 5°C should be adopted to substitute drying in the sun according to the China Pharmacopoeia published in 2010 for Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus by comprehensive analysis of the cost, content and practicality.

Desiccation ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Schisandra ; chemistry ; Temperature

Objective To observe the expression of pannexin1(PX1) in the dorsal horn of spinal cord in model ratwith neu-ropathipain afteselective ligation of sciatinerve branche.Method50 male SD ratwere randomly divided into 3 group,inclu-ding the control group(Wgroup ,n= 10) ,sham operation group(sham group ,n= 10) and sciatinerve branch selective injury group(SNI group ,n=30) .30 ratwere killed on postoperative 3 ,5 ,7 ,14 d and the lumbasegmenof the spinal cord wataken fodetecting the expression of PX1 by using Western blo.Othe20 ratwere killed on 7 d afteSNI and the expression of glial fibril-lary acidiprotein(GFAP) in the spinal cord wadetected with immunohistology .Among them ,10 ratin the SNI group were trea-ted with intrathecal intubation before operation and administrated with saline 20 μL ocarbenoxolone(CBX) 20 μL by intrathecal injection on postoperative 7 d fodetermining the expression of GFAP by the immunohistology .ResultThe expression of PX1 in the SNI group waincreased and enhanced with time ,which wasignificantly highethan thain the Wgroup and the sham group (P＜0 .05);the GFAP expression on 7 d in the SNI group waobviously increased compared with the Wgroup and the sham group(P＜0 .05);afteintrathecal injection of CBX ,the expression of GFAP wasignificantly decreased compared with thain the normal saline group(P＜0 .05) .No statistically significandifferencein the expression of PX1 and GFAP were found in the Wgroup and the sham group .Conclusion PX1 may be involved in the activation of astrocyte,prompting thaPX1 playan importanrole in the neuropathipain caused by the peripheral nervel injury .

Gymnastics ; physiology ; Humans ; Workload

OBJECTIVETo observe dynamically the development of fetal long bone and detect the expression and distribution of HIF-1alpha,to investigate the expression pattern and possible effects of hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) in fetal long bone development of mouse.

METHODSE12.5, E13.5, E14.5, E15.5, E16.5 and E17.5 pregnant C57BL6 mice were sacrificed. After sacrifice, the embryos were delivered by caesarean section. The development of fetal long bone was dynamically observed by stereoscopic microscope, and the distributional expression of HIF-1alpha protein was detected by using method of immunohistochemistry. The expression of HIF-1alpha mRNA and osteoblast marker gene at various stage were also detected by using methods of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

RESULTSThe cartilaginous long bone began to form and joints outline arised at E13.5, then the primary ossification center was observed at E14.5, showing opaque ossification under stereoscopic microscope,and then the osteogenesis expanded and extended to both sides. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated lots of HIF-1alpha protein positive chondrcytes in the center of primary ossification at E14.5, then they decreased dramatically. HIF-1alpha mRNA expressed at high level from E13.5 to E15.5, and then decreased to low level.

CONCLUSIONFetal long bone development pattern appeared to be endochondral osteogenisis process, existing hypoxia microenviroment may increase HIF-1alpha mRNA expression and thus initiate the cascade of endochondral osteogenisis.

Animals ; Bone Development ; Female ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; analysis ; genetics ; physiology ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Mice ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo discuss the clinical significance of the reduction and fixation for femoral lesser trochanteric fragment in treating the femoral comminuted intertrochanteric fractures.

METHODSFrom January 2012 to December 2013,32 patients with intertrochanteric fractures were treated by surgery, and self-designed reduction fixators were used in the patients for the fixation of lesser trochanter of femur. There were 11 males and 21 females, ranging in age from 45 to 81 years old with an average of 64 years old. According to the Evans typing, 12 cases were type II, 13 cases were type III and 7 cases were type IV. Simple lag screw fixed in 19 cases and steel wire fixed in 13 cases. Hip joint function was evaluated according Harris score and the complications such as coxa adducta,cutting of femoral head and neck,implants breakage were observed.

RESULTSThirty-two patients were followed up from 9 to 24 months with an average of 13 months. Coxa adducta occurred in 1 case,no cutting of femoral head and neck occurred and implants breakage were found. The mean Harris score was 91.80 ± 3.05 in 32 patients.

CONCLUSIONThe reconstruction and fixation for the posterior medial bone cortex continuity is a key factor on affect the stability of femoral intertrochanteric fracture. Self-designed reduction fixators can effective reduce and fix the lesser trochanter of femur, it has advantage of fast reduction and fixation, and simple operation.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Equipment Design ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; instrumentation ; Hip Fractures ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of Jinlida on changes in expression of skeletal muscle lipid transport enzymes in fat-induced insulin resistance ApoE -/- mice.

METHODEight male C57BL/6J mice were selected in the normal group (NF), 40 male ApoE -/- mice were fed for 16 weeks, divided into the model group (HF), the rosiglitazone group ( LGLT), the Jinlida low-dose group (JLDL), the Jinlida medium-dose group (JLDM), the Jinlida high-dose group (JLDH) and then orally given drugs for 8 weeks. The organization free fatty acids, BCA protein concentration determination methods were used to determine the skeletal muscle FFA content. The Real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription PCR ( RT-PCR) and Western blot method were adopted to determine mRNA and protein expressions of mice fatty acids transposition enzyme (FAT/CD36), carnitine palm acyltransferase 1 (CPT1), peroxide proliferators-activated receptor α( PPAR α).

RESULTJinlida could decrease fasting blood glucose (FBG), cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), free fatty acid (FFA) and fasting insulin (FIns) and raise insulin sensitive index (ISI) in mice to varying degrees. It could also up-regulate mRNA and protein expressions of CPT1 and PPARα, and down-regulate mRNA and protein levels of FAT/CD36.

CONCLUSIONJinlida can improve fat-induced insulin resistance ApoE -/- in mice by adjusting the changes in expression of skeletal muscle lipid transport enzymes.

Animals ; Apolipoproteins E ; deficiency ; genetics ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; CD36 Antigens ; genetics ; metabolism ; Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Dietary Fats ; adverse effects ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; administration & dosage ; Insulin ; metabolism ; Insulin Resistance ; Lipid Metabolism ; drug effects ; Male ; Metabolic Diseases ; drug therapy ; enzymology ; genetics ; metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Muscle, Skeletal ; drug effects ; metabolism

The incidence of deacclimatization to high altitude syndrome (DAHAS) prevailed up to 80% in highland troops, and 100% in manual workers, and severe DAHAS could significantly affects patients' health, work and life. So it is imperative to develop effective prevention and treatment measures for DAHAS. The present review analyzes effective prophylactic and therapeutic measures against DAHAS, implemented at our hospital.
Acclimatization ; Altitude ; Altitude Sickness ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Humans

OBJECTIVEDevelopment of new methods, ELISA and immunostrip test, for the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

METHODSThe engineering purified antigens coat plate or absorb on nitrocellulose filter. The plate and diagnostic strips carrying antigens were used for detection of IgG antibody in the sera from nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients and outpatients patients.

RESULTS127 cases sera from nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients were parallel detected TK/IgG antibody by ELISA and immunostrips. The TK/IgG antibody are all positive in the 127 cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. 55 cases show positive by ELISA, 58 cases positive by immunostrips in 247cases sera from outpatient. The antibody positive rate to early antigen p54 lower then to TK. Conclusion ELISA and imuunostrips are sensitive and specific means for detection of the IgG antibody to TK of EBV and the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Antibodies, Viral ; blood ; Carcinoma ; diagnosis ; immunology ; virology ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; methods ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; diagnosis ; immunology ; virology ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; enzymology ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; immunology ; virology ; Reagent Strips ; Thymidine Kinase ; blood ; immunology ; Viral Proteins ; blood ; immunology

AIMTo analyse the impurities of gatifloxacin.

METHODSThe impurity of gatifloxacin were analysized and determinated by RP-HPLC/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry with a Zorbax SB-C18(4.6 mm x 150 mm ID, 5 microns). The mobile phase was 3% acetic acid/acetonitrile-3% acetic acid/water (15:85). The two compounds were synthesized: 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1, 4-dihydro-8-methoxy-7-(1-piperazinyl)-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid (DMP) and 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1, 4-dihydro-8-hydro-7-(3-methy-1-piperazinyl)-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid (DMO). Their liquid chromatogram, UV, MS were compared with those of the impurity of gatifloxacin.

RESULTSThe mass of the impurity was 14 less than that of gatifloxacin. It means the impurity was CH2 less than gatifloxacin. The tR (HPLC), UV and MS of DMP were the same as those of the impurity of gatifloxacin.

CONCLUSIONBased on the tR (HPLC), UV and MS, the impurity of gatifloxacin is confirmed as DMP.

Anti-Infective Agents ; analysis ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drug Contamination ; Fluoroquinolones ; analysis ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

AIMTo determine the molecular weight and first-order structure of somatostatin.

METHODSThe molecular weight of somatostatin was determined by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Somatostatin was deoxidized by 2-mercaptoethanol. A series of typical fragment ions of deoxidized product were obtained by insource collision-induced dissociation (CID).

RESULTSThe m/z of quasi-molecular ion [M + H]+ of somatostatin was 1,637.8 and [M + Na]+ was 1,659.5. The m/z of double-charge ion [M + 2H]2+ was 819.5 and [M + H + Na]2+ was 830.3. It showed that the molecular weight of somatostatin was 1,636.7. The y and b series of fragment ions of deoxidized product were obtained by adjusting the fragmentor voltage. It was determined that the first-order structure of deoxidized product of somatostatin was A-G-C-K-N-F-F-W-K-T-F-T-S-C.

CONCLUSIONThe molecular weight and first-order structure of somatostatin were confirmed.

Amino Acid Sequence ; Molecular Structure ; Molecular Weight ; Somatostatin ; analysis ; chemistry ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; methods