Endocrine System Diseases ; diagnosis ; Hearing Disorders ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Metabolism, Inborn Errors ; diagnosis ; Neonatal Screening ; methods ; standards

Electron Transport ; Electron Transport Complex III ; deficiency ; Humans ; Mitochondria ; metabolism

Brain ; metabolism ; pathology ; Child, Preschool ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Folate Receptor 1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Folic Acid ; blood ; cerebrospinal fluid ; metabolism ; Folic Acid Deficiency ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Humans ; Infant ; Leucovorin ; therapeutic use ; Malnutrition ; complications ; diagnosis ; Tetrahydrofolates ; cerebrospinal fluid ; metabolism

Objective To observe curative efficacy of hepatocyte growth factor(HGF) in treatment of children with liver damage.Methods Two hundred and four children with liver damage were divided randomly into control group and teatment group.The control group was chosed energy compounds at the same time of primary disease was treated,on the basis of the control group,the treatment group was chosed HGF to protect liver and decline enzyme,to observe efficacy of liver shrink and decline enzyme in the course of treatment.Results After the treatment,alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST) and total bilirubin(TBIL) decreased significantly in the treatment group with HGF.The total clinical efficacy was 96.5%,while the total clinical efficacy of the control group was 75.0%.The curative efficacy of treatment group surpassed that in the control group,the difference was obvious(?~2=5.27 P

Adolescent ; Adult ; Busulfan ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Transplantation Conditioning ; methods ; Young Adult

Animals ; Brain Ischemia ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury ; metabolism

Adult ; Age of Onset ; Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors ; complications ; diagnosis ; genetics ; therapy ; Betaine ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Carrier Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Genotype ; Homocysteine ; urine ; Humans ; Hydroxocobalamin ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Hyperhomocysteinemia ; complications ; diagnosis ; genetics ; therapy ; Infant ; Methylmalonic Acid ; blood ; urine ; Mutation ; Vitamin B 12 ; metabolism

Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Gluconates ; pharmacology ; Lactate Dehydrogenases ; metabolism ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; prevention & control ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective:China was categorized as one of the 68 countdown countries to achieve the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDG) 5. This paper aimed to analyze the situation of maternal survival, and coverage of proven cost effective interventions in China, where specific attention was paid to disparities. Methods: National maternal and child mortality surveillance data were used to estimate maternal mortality ratio (MMR). Coverage for proven interventions was analyzed based on National Health Services Survey, where experts' consultations were made for complementation. Results: There had been a significant reduction of MMR in China, however great disparities existed, with rural Ⅱ to Ⅳ areas experiencing 2 to 5 times higher maternal mortality risks than urban areas and accounting for over 70% maternal mortality burdens. Postpartum hemorrhage, pregnancy associated hypertension, embolism and sepsis were the leading causes, and over 75% of the maternal mortality was caused by preventable or curable causes. Maternal health services utilization decreased in accordance with region' s development level. Socioeconomic factors like financial difficulties were the main obstacles hindering access of care.Even those who made deliveries in hospitals faced different probabilities in receiving qualified care according to their socioeconomic standings. Conclusion: China is on track to achieve MDG 5, however great disparities exist. It is necessary to specifically target rural types Ⅱ to Ⅳ areas. Major causes of maternal mortality which can be prevented or averted through the provision of essential obstetrical care. Yet as compared with maternity health needs, insufficient coverage of maternal and child health (MCH) care services and poor service quality are the leading predisposing factors contributing to maternal mortality in China.