Objective To investigate the methods of rectifying the excessive width of fold line and conglutination of the upper eyelid following blepharoplasty. Methods The width of double eyelid was redesigned, ranging from 6 mm to 8 mm. Then the scar of upper eyelid was excised about 1 mm to 2 mm, and the orbital septum fat flap, orbicularis oculi flap, infraorbicularis oculi fat flap and injection of lipochondria were utilized to fill the depression of upper eyelid. Results In our series, there were 20 eyelids of 16 cases receiving rectification. Orbital septum fat flap was used to correct 2 eye-lids, orbicularis oculi flap 4 eyelids, infraorbicularis oculi fat flap 10 eyelids and injection of lipochon-dria 4 cases. Among 12 eases of following-up, 10 of them were satisfied with the postoperative effects. The results were acceptable in other 2 cases. Conclusion It is a good approach to correct the excessive width of fold line and conglutination of the upper eyelid with local flaps, including the orbital septum fat flap, orbicularis oculi flap, infraorbicularis oculi fat flap and injection of lipochondria.

Objective To explore the methods and effects of improving facial appearance on volume defect and aging,and recovery of aesthetic looks by autologous fat granules graft.Methods We designed the filling areas according to gender,age,individual face characteristics and desire of the case before operation.By liposuction technology with low pressure from the trunk,fats were taken with cleaning and purifying.Then pure fats were injected to the marked areas of the face by multi-level and multi-tunnel injection.It was able to supply the facial volume for lost soft tissue,to improve the aging appearance and to achieve smooth facial contour.Results All cases were followed-up for 3 months to 2 years,facial appearances were satisfied or improved,without fat liquefaction,infection,scleroma and other complications.Only a few cases needed complementary transplantation.The overall results were satisfactory.Conclusions Autologous fat granules graft is a safe and effective facial soft tissue filling technology.It can effectively improve facial aging appearance,restore natural,young and beautiful looks,and be worth for clinical application.

Objective To access the long-term efficacy and safety of immunosuppression on the progression of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) by Meta analysis.Methods Databases EMBASE,Pubmed,Elsevier Science Direct,Scopus,Web of Science,Google Scholar,Cochrane Library,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,WanFang and VIP Data were retrieved to collect the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) at least 3 years follow-up on immunosuppression for IgAN published before May 2014.The literatures were screened independently by two reviewers according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,and the methodological quality was assessed.Statistic software Stata 12.0 was used to conduct analysis.Results Nine articles were included in this study with a total of 568 patients.Immurnosuppression could lowered the risk for the progression to ESRD (RR=0.32,95％CI:0.20-0.49,P ＜ 0.01).As far as the efficacy of immunosuppression,subgroup analysis indicated that three studies with more than 7 year follow-up (RR=0.28,95％CI:0.13-0.59,P ＜ 0.01) were similar with 7 studies followed by for less than 7 years (RR=0.34,95％ CI:0.19-0.59,P＜0.01); six adopted immunosuppressor monotherapy (RR=0.29,95％ CI:0.15-0.58,P＜ 0.01) were similar to two used corticosteroids plus other immunosuppression (RR=0.33,95％CI:0.18-0.59,P ＜ 0.01); There were no significant differences between four studies from Europe (RR=0.27,95％CI:0.14-0.53,P ＜ 0.01) and five from Asia (RR=0.35,95％ CI:0.19-0.65,P＜0.01).Immunosuppression was associated with an increased risk for adverse events (RR=2.33,95％ CI:1.33-4.09,P＜0.01).Conclusion Immunosuppression for IgAN may reduce long-term risk of progression to ESRD,but increase the risk of adverse events to some extent.

Objective To explore the molecular mechanisms involved in hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies ( SLTs) through genetic screening of WNK gene in patients with SLTs. Methods Forty-four kindreds of SLTs were diagnosed Batter's syndrome or Gitelman's syndrome after CLCNKB and SLC12A3 sequencing and analysis, 8 of whose phenotype can not be simply attributed to CLCNKB or SLC12A3 mutations. Primers for PCR-amplified exons of WNK4 and WNK1 gene in genomic DNA were designed, and direct sequencing was performed to analyse the PCR products. Results Two missense mutations of WNK1, Ile~(1172)→ Met (I1172M) and Ser~(2047) → Asn (S2047N), were identified. Both of these 2 mutations segregated with the disease in SLTs kindred. Conclusion Two heterozygote missense mutations of WNK1 gene (I1172 M and S2047N) were found in 8 SLTs kindreds, indicating that WNK1 might be another gene responsible for hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the change rules of peak area ratio of STR loci to Amelogenin (AMEL) locus (STR/AMEL), a sex-determining gene in DNA degradation, and to evaluate the application of STR/AMEL value in the estimation of DNA degradation degree. METHODS: DNA was extracted from iliopsoas, and the variations of STR/AMEL value (Penta E/AMEL, Penta D/AMEL, FGA/AMEL) were analyzed after the artificial degradation was made by DNase I, and the changes of these three ratios of the iliopsoas naturally degraded in an outdoor environment were also analyzed. The regression curves were analyzed using the periods of DNA degradation and outside the body as the independent variable (x) and the STR/AMEL value as the dependent variable (y) and three curve equations under two conditions were established. RESULTS: Both under the conditions of artificial and natural degradation, STR/AMEL value had a negative relationship with the degradation time. The relationship between STR/AMEL and degradation time can be well simulated by the cubic function. R2 was over 0.99 under controlled degradation condition and over 0.86 under natural degradation condition. CONCLUSION The STR/AMEL value (Penta E/AMEL, Penta D/AMEL, FGA/AMEL) is negatively related with the DNA degradation degree, which follows mathematical regression models strictly, and it might be applied to evaluate the DNA degradation degree.
Amelogenin/genetics* ; DNA Damage/genetics* ; DNA Primers ; Humans ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Regression Analysis ; Time Factors

The in situ gel systems can form gel in situ after administration to achieve sustained release, thus provides a promising strategy for drug delivery systems. The aim of this study was to design and prepare in situ gel systems for the oral delivery of ibuprofen (IBU-ISG) and study its pharmacokinetics in Beagle dogs. The characteristics of the basic material of gellan gum (Kelcogel, Kel) and sodium alginate (Manugel, M) were studied through investigating the complex viscosity of the Kel or M solution with or without different concentrations of calcium ion or sodium citrate to ascertain the amount range of the excipients. The measurement of complex viscosity of the solution (0. 5% Kel and 1% M) with different concentrations of sodium citrate and calcium ion was carried out to select the suitable proportion of calcium ion and sodium citrate. The formulation of binary IBU-ISG was optimized by monitoring the complex viscosity before gelling in vitro release property. The optimized formulation contains 1.0% sodium alginate, 0.5% gellan gum, 0. 21% sodium citrate and 0.056% calcium chloride. A single oral dose of IBU-ISG and reference formulation (IBU suspension) were given to each of the 6 healthy Beagle dogs, ibuprofen in plasma at different sampling times was determined by RP-HPLC. The pharmacokinetics parameters in 6 Beagle dogs were calculated. The Tmax of IBU-ISG and reference formulation were (1.8 +/- 0.6) and (0.4 +/- 0. 1) h. The Cmax values were (29.2 +/- 7.6) and (37.8 +/- 2.2) microg x mL(-1). The T(1/2) were (2.3 +/- 0.5) and (2.0 +/- 0.9) h, and the AUC(0-t) were (131.0 +/- 38.6) and (117.3 +/- 23.1) microg x mL(-1) x h, respectively. The binary IBU-ISG was successfully prepared.
Administration, Oral ; Alginates ; chemistry ; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Animals ; Area Under Curve ; Calcium Chloride ; chemistry ; Citrates ; chemistry ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Dogs ; Drug Compounding ; methods ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Excipients ; Female ; Glucuronic Acid ; chemistry ; Hexuronic Acids ; chemistry ; Ibuprofen ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Polysaccharides, Bacterial ; chemistry ; Viscosity

OBJECTIVETo understand the feeding status of Tibetan children aged below three years old.

METHODSCross-sectional study and randomly sampling were used. The information on complementary food was obtained through the recollection from mother of the child. Data of complementary food of Tibet children was compared with those of the children from the surveys of nine cities in China and 40 poor counties in western China.

RESULTSOne thousand six hundred and fifty-five children were studied. The findings indicated that the age of introduction of Zanba (a kind food of mixture of highland barley flour and butter) was 1.98 months after birth and the age of introduction of egg and meat was about 8 - 9 months. Boys were fed with Zanba earlier than girls but there was no significant difference in the introduction of other complementary food between sexes. Urban children were introduced with complementary food earlier than rural children, and children in the agricultural region earlier than those in the pasturing region. The proportion of no introduction of any complementary food by the age of 4 months was about 10.6% for urban children, but 21.7% for rural children while 14.2% for children in the agricultural region and 30.9% for children in the pasturing region. The proportion of no introduction of complementary food was 11.5% for Tibetan children compared with 45.2% for the children of 40 poor counties in western China. The proportions of introduction of the following complementary foods were 89.1% for Zanba, 22.1% for egg, 29.1% for fresh milk, 23.5% for meat, 17.5% for vegetable, 0.75% for bean products, 1.03% for fish and 3.35% for chicken respectively.

CONCLUSIONSThe main complementary foods for Tibetan children included Zanba, milk, mutton and beef. There was a small amount of vegetable in diet. The introduction of bean, chicken and fish was not common. Early and monotony seemed to be the character of introduction of complementary food for Tibetan children. Improving introduction of complementary food is important in enhancing the nutritional status of Tibetan children.

Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Child, Preschool ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Food ; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Male ; Nutrition Surveys ; Sampling Studies ; Tibet

Adult ; Antigens, Neoplasm ; genetics ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; genetics ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Liver ; pathology ; Liver Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics

RHD gene has different alternative transcripts. This study was aimed to construct expression vector of normal mRNA, DEL9 and DEL89 transcripts from RHD gene. Total RNA was extracted from Rh(D) positive umbilical blood cells of newborn. Intact RhD cDNA, DEL9 and DEL89 transcripts were obtained by one-step and two-step RT-PCR, respectively. The obtained products were cloned into pCR4 TOPO sequencing vector for choosing the right transcript. RHD gene was amplified again from the sequencing plasmid DNA, and then subcloned into pcDNA3.1/V5-His TOPO expression vector; DEL9 and DEL89 were cloned into the expression vector directly. Gene sequence and direction were identified by sequencing. The results showed that the sequence and direction of target genes were right, thus these 3 different expression vectors were correctly constructed. It is concluded that expression vector is constructed from different transcripts of RHD gene, which lays a foundation for further exploring the membranous protein expression of Rh(D) antigen.
Cloning, Molecular ; Gene Expression ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rh-Hr Blood-Group System ; genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

OBJECTIVETo understand the prevalence of anemia in children living in poor rural villages in western China and to find out related factors affecting hemoglobin level of children so as to search for proper intervention.

METHODS3747 children under 3 years old and their families were studied using stratified random sampling in 40 counties in western China. Databases were set up, and data logically checked by Epi 6.0 software. All the data were input with duplication method and analyzed by SPSS 10.0 software.

RESULTSThe prevalence of anemia of children under 3-year-old was 32.7% in 40 counties with significant difference among provinces with the highest in Guizhou province (43.5%). The lowest was in Ningxia and Qinghai provinces, which was 20%. The prevalence of anemia of children was relatively high in 6 and 18 months of age after birth, but declining when children grew older. Many factors were associated with children's anemia, viz. feeding pattern, age, diarrhea, family income, nationality, mother with anemia and drinking clean water etc.

CONCLUSIONInterventions as popularizing knowledge of appropriate feeding, drinking clean water and decreasing the prevalence of common diseases including diarrhea would decrease the prevalence of anemia of local children.

Age Factors ; Anemia ; epidemiology ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Hemoglobins ; analysis ; Humans ; Infant ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Multivariate Analysis ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors