Anal Canal/surgery* ; Anorectal Malformations ; Constriction ; Fecal Incontinence ; Humans ; Rectal Prolapse

Thienorphine is a chemically-new opioid developed in Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology. To elucidate the chemical basis for the unique pharmacological effects of thienorphine, 15 derivatives were synthesized according to combinatorial chemistry and the structure-activity relationships of these compounds were studied. It is demonstrated that thienorphine is a potent long-acting partial agonist. N-Cyclopropylmethyl is responsible for the antagonist effect of thienorphine. More importantly, thiophene at the end of side chain is most likely the pharmacophore accounts for the long-lasting effect of thienorphine. Change of the connection of thiophene and the side chain does not result in changes in the antinociceptive activity.
Animals ; Buprenorphine ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology ; Combinatorial Chemistry Techniques ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Morphine ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, Opioid ; agonists ; Structure-Activity Relationship

To investigate the effects of Losartan,an angiotensinⅡ(AngⅡ)receptor(AT_1) antagonist,on pancreatic stellate cells(PSCs)and its possible mechanisms.Methods (1)PSCs were isolated from pancreatic cancerous samples to test the expressions of AT_1 and collagenⅠafter incubated with AngⅡor/and Losartan.(2)Ninety S-D rats were divided into normal group,control group and treatment group,with 30 rats in each.The rats in control and treatment groups were induced pancreatic fibrosis by injection of 2% trinitrobenenze sulfonic acid(TNBS)into biliopancreatic duct.Rats in treat- ment group were then treated with Losartan by garage daily and rats in control group were only given distilled water.The rats were sacrificed on day 3,7,14,21 and 28,respectively,and pancreas were removed.The histological abnormalities were observed by electron microscope.The mRNAs of trans- forming growth factor?_1(TGF?_1)and procollagenⅠwere detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).The expression of TGF?_1 and?-smooth muscle actin(?-SMA)proteins was assessed by immunohistochemistry and the level of?-SMA protein was quantified by Western blot. Results In vitro,there existed AT_1 expression in PSCs,and Losartan reduced expression of collagenⅠ.Losartan treatment reversed the histological abnormalities observed by electron microscope,com- pared to treatment with distill water.The expression of?-SMA,TGF?_1 and procollagenⅠwere signifi- cantly higher in the control group than those in normal group and were reduced by Losartan to different extent in treatment group.Conclusion AT_1 antagonist can inhibit the activation and the profibrogenic action of PSCs by blocking AT_1 receptor-mediated pathways.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the antimicrobial effects of erythromycin microspheres against Mycoplasma pneumoniae in rats.

METHODSWith erythromycin lactobionate as the positive control, erythromycin microspheres at 3 non-toxic doses (0.1, 0.5, and 1.2 g.kg(-1).d(-1)) were administered intragastrically for 6 consecutive days in Wistar rats with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. The general condition and lung index of the rats were observed and measured to assess the therapeutic effects of the treatments against Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.

RESULTSThe erythromycin microspheres at 0.1, 0.5, 1.2 g.kg(-1).d(-1) significantly alleviated the symptoms of the rats infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae and reduced the pulmonary index of the infected rats from 1.75 to 1.45, 1.38 and 1.25, respectively (P < 0.01). An obvious dosage-effect relationship was noted between the dose of erythromycin microsphere and the tissue pathologies due to the infection.

CONCLUSIONErythromycin microspheres possess strong activity against Mycoplasma pneumoniae in rats.

Animals ; Erythromycin ; administration & dosage ; Male ; Microspheres ; Mycoplasma pneumoniae ; drug effects ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma ; drug therapy ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

This paper retrospectively summarized and analyzed observation of the disease and nursing care of 17 patients with pregnancy-associated fulminant type 1 diabetes and intrauterine fetal demise.Through timely supplying blood capacity and improving renal perfusion,maintaining blood glucose homeostasis and acid-alkali,potassium balance,safety of the patients was guaranteed;by providing effective psychological nursing,puerperal dietary guidance and discharge guidance,patients' rehabilitation was improved.As a result,16 patients were in stable condition,and dead babies were delivered.Major bleeding event occurred in one patient after delivering the dead baby,and the patient developed shock as well as liver and kidney failure.The patient was transferred to ICU for further treatment and became stable and was discharged after two months.

OBJECTIVETo establish a rat model of mycoplasma pneumonia (MP) for investigating the pathogenesis of MP and its therapy with drugs.

METHODSThirty Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=5), including a control group, a MP model group, a erythromycin lactobionate group and 3 erythromycin microspheres groups (high, middle, and low dose groups). With the exception of those in the control group, all the rats received intranasal MP administration followed by corresponding treatments administered via tail vein injection. At different time points after inoculation of the pathogen, the lungs of the rats were taken for histopathological scoring.

RESULTSIn the MP model group, the lung pathology was characterized by patchy interstitial pneumonitis with predominantly lymphocyte infiltration and mucosal edema. The bronchiolar walls became thickened and the lumens narrowed. In erythromycin lactobionate and erythromycin microspheres treatment (high and middle dose) groups, clear cell boundaries were observed in the lungs where no obvious pathological changes were found. RT-PCR amplification showed positive results of MP RNA in the model group, erythromycin lactobionate group and erythromycin microsphere groups.

CONCLUSIONThe approach described is practicable to establish rat models of MP. Erythromycin microspheres can effectively relieve the lung inflammations and has therapeutic effect on MP.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Erythromycin ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Male ; Microspheres ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma ; drug therapy ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Using whole cell patch clamp, the effects of angiotensin II (Ang II) on the current L-type calcium channel (I(Ca.L)) were observed in guinea pig isolated ventricular myocytes under simulated ischemia condition, which was realized through hypoxia, glucose deficiency, high lactic acid and acidosis. The results showed that, under the condition of simulated ischemia, the peak of I(Ca.L) was reduced with maximal activation potential at 0 mV. Administration of Ang II (100 nmol/L) enhanced the peak of I(Ca.L) during ischemia and shifted the maximal activation potential to -10 mV. The possible mechanism of these effects is discussed.
Angiotensin II ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Calcium Channels, L-Type ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Guinea Pigs ; Heart Ventricles ; cytology ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; cytology ; drug effects ; Patch-Clamp Techniques

This study investigates whether kappa-opioid receptor and ORL1 receptor may interact to form a heterodimer. In immunofluorescence and co-immunoprecipitation experiments, differentially epitope-tagged receptors, colocalization and heterodimerization of kappa-opioid receptor and ORL1 receptor were used and examined in primary culturing rat neurons, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) or human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells. The results show that fluorescence of both kappa-opioid receptor and ORL1 receptor were overlapping in primary culturing hippocampal and cortical neurons. Similarly in co-expressing CHO or HEK293 cells, HA-KOR and Myc-ORL1 were almost exclusively confined to the membranes, revealing extensive colocalization. When Flag-KOR and Myc-ORL1 were co-expressing in CHO cells, heterodimerization was identified to have the ability to co-immunoprecipitate ORL1-receptors with kappa-opioid receptor and vice versa. In the current study, further evidence was provided for the direct interaction of two subtypes of opioid receptors, kappa-opioid receptor and ORL1-receptor, to form the heterodimerization. The finding represents the novel pharmacological mechanism for modulation of opioid receptor function as well as diversity of G protein-coupled receptors.
Animals ; CHO Cells ; Cells, Cultured ; Cerebral Cortex ; cytology ; metabolism ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; Dimerization ; Female ; HEK293 Cells ; Hippocampus ; cytology ; metabolism ; Humans ; Immunoprecipitation ; Male ; Neurons ; cytology ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, Opioid ; metabolism ; Receptors, Opioid, kappa ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the impact of a new CD44 variant on invasion of human breast cancer cell line MCF-7, and its possible mechanisms.

METHODSThe full length cDNA encoding CD44v17 was obtained from the total RNA isolated from the MCF-7/ADR cells by reverse transcript-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and subcloned into pMD19-T vector. The CD44v17 gene sequence and reading frame were confirmed by two restriction enzymes and nucleotide sequencing, and then inserted into the eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1. The pcDNA3.1-CD44v17 was transfected into MCF-7 cells by Lipofectamine. The changes of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression at gene and protein levels were detected by RT-PCR and gelatin zymography, respectively. The number of the cells through the artificial matrix membrane in every group was counted to compare the change of the invasive ability regulated by CD44 variant. The ERK and p-ERK were investigated by Western blotting to approach the molecular mechanisms of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression regulated by CD44 variant.

RESULTSThe new gene sequence was successfully cloned into recombinant vector pcDNA3.1 and identified by the two restriction enzymes. It was confirmed that the reconstructed plasmid contained the sequence of CD44 gene variant which was composed of 1 to 4 exons, 16 to 17 exons, and 1 to 205 bases of 18 exons. The new gene sequence was sent to NCBI for publication and obtained the registered number FJ216964. The up-regulated levels of the CD44 gene mRNA and protein were respectively detected by RT-PCR and flow cytometry in MCF-7 cells transfected with pcDNA3.1-CD44v17. The invasiveness of the cells and the activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were clearly activated by hyaluronic acid (HA) treatment and blocked by CD44 neutralizing antibody. Pretreated MCF-7/CD44v17 cells with the neutralizing antibody against CD44 and the inhibitor of MAPKs signaling pathway strongly block the expression of p-ERK.

CONCLUSIONA new CD44 gene variant has been found in adriamycin-resistant human breast cancer MCF-7/ADR cells. The expression vector pcDNA3.1-CD44v17 has been cloned and constructed successfully. HA can be integrated with CD44 variant and then regulates the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9, which increases the invasion ability of MCF-7 cells through the Ras/MAPK signaling pathway.

Breast Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Doxorubicin ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases ; metabolism ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Hyaluronan Receptors ; genetics ; metabolism ; Hyaluronic Acid ; pharmacology ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Phosphorylation ; Plasmids ; Protein Isoforms ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of berberine on lipid metabolism disorder and lipid deposition in liver cells of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) rats induced by high fat diet.

METHODSAfter one week adaptable feeding, 45 SPF level male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, the normal control group, the model group, and the berberine group, 15 in each group. Except those in the normal control group, all rats were fed with high fat diet to prepare NAFLD model. As for rats in the berberine group, Berberine Hydrochloride was administered by gastrogavage. HE staining and oil red O staining were performed to identify the model after 8 weeks. Hepatocytes were isolated, and their activities and purities were tested by Typan blue staining and flow cytometry (FCM). Serum levels of TC, TG, HDL-C, and LDL-C were detected using automatic biochemical analyzer. mRNA expression levels of LXRα and FAS in liver cells were analyzed by Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Protein levels of LXRα and FAS in liver cells were examined by Western blot.

RESULTSThe NAFLD rat model was successfully established by high fat diet. The yields of purified liver cells in each rat were (6.0-7.5) x 10(8). The viability of isolated liver cells with purity over 90% (tested by FCM analysis) was higher than 95%. Compared with the normal control group,the expression of LXRα and FAS at mRNA and protein levels was higher in the model group (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the expression of LXRα and FAS at mRNA and protein levels was obviously down-regulated in the berberine group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSLXRα/FAS signaling pathway was one of important signaling pathways of NAFLD lipid metabolism disorders. Berberine could recover hepatocyte fatty deposits in NAFLD rats by adjusting the LXR/FAS signaling pathway of hepatocytes, which might be one of important mechanisms for fighting against NAFLD.

Animals ; Berberine ; therapeutic use ; Diet, High-Fat ; Down-Regulation ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Fatty Liver ; Hepatocytes ; Lipids ; Male ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ; drug therapy ; RNA, Messenger ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Signal Transduction