Bilirubin ; analysis ; Child ; Electric Impedance ; Esophagus ; metabolism ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective: To evaluate the value of multi slice computed tomography (CT) in differential diagnosis of renal clear cell carcinoma and renal papillary carcinoma. Methods: The CT images of 47patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) were reviewed. The RCC patients were divided into 2 groups pathologically, including 37 cases of clear cell RCC and 10 cases of papillary RCC. Plain scan and three phase (corticomedullary, nephrographic and excretory phases) CT were performed in all patients. Age and sex of patients, tumor size, enhancement degree and pattern (homogeneous, heterogeneous and predominantly peripheral), the presence of calcification or cystic degeneration (necrotic or hemorrhagic areas within the tumor) and tumor spreading (including perinephric change, venous invasion and lymphadenopathy) were compared between the 2 subtypes. Results: The degrees of enhancement were significantly different between the 2 subtypes in the corticomedullary, parenchymal and excretory phases (P<0.05). Necrosis and cystic degeneration were more evident in the clear cell RCC than in papillary RCC regardless of tumor size (P<0.05). A hypervascular pattern (higher tumor enhancement after contrast material injection due to higher vascularity) was noted in 21.6% of clear cell RCC cases and in 10% of papillary RCC (P<0.05). Half of the clear cell RCC and 2.7% of papillary RCC patients showed homogeneous enhancement (P<0.05). Calcification was evident in 21.6% of clear cell RCC patients and 20% of papillary RCC patients. Conclusion: The degree of enhancement is the most valuable parameter for differentiation of clear cell RCC and papillary RCC. The presence of cystic degeneration, hemorrhage, vascularity and enhancement patterns can also contribute to the differentiation of the 2 subtypes.

Objective To investigate the effect of mechanical ventilation in acute organophosphorous pesticide poisoning(AOPP) with respiratry failure. Methods Forty from forty-two AOPP patients with respiratry failure were treated with mechanical ventilation(MV) ,gastrolavage and other methods. Five minutes before mechanical ventilation and two hours after mechanical ventilation, patients' heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), arterial partial blood pH, oxygenation index, the pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) were compared. Results Patients' HR was increased ( P＜0. 05 ), SBP was increased ( P＜0. 01 ), arterial partial blood pH was increased( P＜0. 01 ), oxygenation index was increased(P＜0. 01 ) ,PaCO2 was decreased(P＜0.01 ). Thirty nine cases were cured,three cases dided. Conclusion Mechanical ventilation can effectively treat the AOPP patients with respiratry failure.

Objective To study the effect of millimeter wave radiation on human hepatoma cell. Methods BEL7404 hepatoma cells were cultured in vitro and randomly divided into 4 groups: the control group, the group radiated by millimeter wave for 30 min, the group treated with Fluorouracil(5 FU), and the group radiated by millimeter wave and treated with 5 FU simultaneously at same time. The ability of 35.8 GHz millimeter wave to induce the apoptosis of hepatoma cell was evaluated by analyses of fluorescence microscopy, DNA fragmentation assay and flow cytometry assay. Results BEL7404 cells radiated by the millimeter wave had the typical characteristics of apoptosis. Comparaed with the control group [(3.21? 1.06)%], the apoptosis rates were higher in 30 min radiating or/and 5 FU groups[ (14.33? 2.66)%, (18.58? 2.57)%, (27.91? 3.66)%]. Poly adp ribose polymerase(PARP) was found to be cleavaged in all the cells in millmeter wave radiation or/and 5 FU groups. Conclusion Radiation of 35.8 GHz could induce apoptosis of BEL7404 cell in vitro, and could act synergistcally with 5 FU treatment.

Objective To study the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), CDK4 and P16 on rat hepatocellular carcinoma by millimeter wave radiation. Methods Fourty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups. Group one to three were feeded by diethylnitrosamine (DEN). Group one was a tumor control group. In group two and three the liver was directly radiated by 35.8 GHz, 100 mW/cm 2 millimeter wave for 20 min, twice a week for 10 or 5 weeks. Group four was a normal control radiated group. Fourteen weeks later all rats were sacrificed to undergo serological test and immunohistochemical stain of liver. Results The serum levels of ? glutamyltransferase in group two and three were lower than that in group one. Adenocarcinoma was only existed in group one by histological examination of liver tissue. Other groups of DEN exposure only had basophilic and eosinophilic nodules. Liver tissue expression of PCNA and CDK4 in group two and three were significantly lower than in group one, but the expression of P16 in group two and three was higher than that in group one. Conclusions Radiation with millimeter wave can partially inhibit cell proliferation and suppress the DEN induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rats.

Objective: To investigate the effect of lethal Vibrio vulnificus infection on the blood system and the pathology changes of the major organs in mice, and to explore the possible mechanism of the related death. Methods: Lethal Vibrio vulnificus-infection model was established with mice. The model mice were divided into two groups: a control group and an infection group. ELISA was used to examine the serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and TF. Serum total bilirubin (TBIL), creatinine (Cre), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were analyzed using automatic biochemical analyzer; whole blood cell analysis was also performed. The pathological changes of the heart, lung, liver, spleen, and kidney were observed under electron and light microscopes. Results: Compared with the control group, the serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and TF were significantly increased in mice after infection with Vibrio vulnificus (P < 0.05); the serum levels of BUN, Cre, TBIL, diastase and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were significantly increased (P < 0.05). The ratios of WBC, platelet, and lymphocytes were all significantly decreased after infection compared with the control group (P<0.05). The ratios of red blood cells, monocytes, and Hb level were significantly increased compared with the control group (P<0.05). The pathological changes of major organs included hyperaemia, edema, inflammatory cell infiltration, and apoptosis. Conclusion: Lethal infection with Vibrio vulnificus can initiate super-inflammation reaction in mice; it can also activate the blood coagulation system and induce systemic tissue injury, finally leading to death.

Humans ; West Nile Fever ; West Nile virus

Animals ; Communicable Diseases ; genetics ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; genetics ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; HIV Infections ; genetics ; Helicobacter Infections ; genetics ; Hepatitis B ; genetics ; Humans ; Mycobacterium Infections ; genetics

ObjectiveTo report the treatment of the first imported Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) in China, and to investigate the clinical features and treatment of the patient.Methods On May 28th, 2015, the first patient of imported MERS to China was admitted to Department of Critical Care Medicine of Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital. The clinical features and treatments of this patient were analyzed.Results①A 43 years old male of South Korean nationality was admitted with the complaint of back ache for 7 days and fever 2 days with the following characteristics: back ache 7 days ago, without fever or cough or expectoration. He had been suspected to suffer from infection of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) by the Disease Control Department of South Korea, but no specific treatment was given. He had fever for 2 days with maximum body temperature of 39.7℃. He had no chills, cough, expectoration, short of breath, abdominal pain, diarrhea, frequent micturition, or urgency or pain of urination, and no sore throat. The patient had a history of exposure to MERS-CoV patient. He was considered to be a patient of the second batch of South Korean epidemic.② Auxiliary examination: 3 copies of throat swab specimens for virus nucleic acid detection were performed by the Disease Prevention Control Center of China (China CDC), and they were positive on May 29th, 2015, and also for serum, sputum and stool. Based on the results of whole genome sequence analysis, the virus strains were implicated to be derived from Riyahh and Jeddah regions of Saudi Arabia. On admission, the patient's blood test showed that the white blood cell count was low (3.22×109/L), the proportion of the neutrophils was high (0.73), and that of the platelet was low (81×109/L). On admission, the patient's chest X-ray showed that a small amount of infiltration in the lung.③ Treatment: a high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) with oxygen concentration of 0.50-0.80 was given, with a flow rate was set at 60 L/min if tolerated. It was changed to a low flow oxygen inhalation nasal cannula on the 20th day, and oxygen treatment was stopped on the 24th day. Ribavirin 2.0 g was given as the first dose, and was switched to 600 mg every 8 h (q8h), and it was reduced to 600 mg q12h after 10 days, and extenuated since the 13th day. Ceftriaxone was added on the 4th day with 2.0 g a day , and it was changed to meropenem 2.0 g, q8h on the 7th day for 2 weeks. Gamma globulin was given for 7 days (20 g, qd). Thymosin-α1 was given on the 8th day for 2 weeks. Interferon was given once a week, but only one dose was used. At the same time symptomatic treatment such as methimazole and liver protection therapy were given.④ Patient began to cough at admission, and it disappeared on the 18th day. There was no sputum at first, then a small amount of sputum with a little blood appeared after the admission. Then there was cough without sputum. Mild shortness of breath and diarrhea after exertion were noticed. He had no chest pain, difficulty in breathing or other symptoms. There was dullness on percussion in both sides of chest, and it disappeared gradually. Fine moist rales were detectable in scapular area and interscapular area on the 5th day, and they disappeared after 3 days. Breath sounds on both sides was weak, and it became more obvious in the right lung after 5 days, and returned to normal after 18 days. He had a sustaining fever for 1 week with the maximum temperature of 39.5℃, then the body temperature returned to normal. The viral nucleic acid test as performed by the Center for Disease Control of Guangdong (CDC, Guangdong) showed that the pharyngeal swab cultured turned negative on the 3rd day, that of serum specimens turned negative on the 8th day, that of stool specimen after 2 weeks, and it was persistently positive for sputum culture until 5 days before discharge. The oxygenation index gradually increased, and it was over 300 mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa) after 15 days. Pleural effusion was rapidly increased during the first week as shown by chest X-ray films, and it began to be absorbed gradually in the second week, but it was not completely absorbed until discharge.Conclusions The disease course of the reported patient was short, with an acute onset, with fever as the chief complaint, but there were no respiratory symptoms, though there were high fever, cough, shortness of breath, diarrhea and other clinical symptoms after admission. Virus in sputum disappeared after treatment, but pleural effusion was not completely absorbed. Negative test for virus in sputum was late, indicating that clearance of virus was slow from the lungs. It is the first case of MERS in China, therefore, the clinical manifestations and the treatment strategy need to be further explored.