OBJECTIVE:To establish the quality standard of Jiawei guiqi tablets.METHODS:Angelicae sinensis and Radix Astragali in the tablets were identified qualitatively by TLC;the content of ferulic acid was determined by HPLC. RESULTS:The TLC spots were distinctive and free from interference of negative control.The linear range of the ferulic acid was 0.135 6～1.356 0 ?g(r=0.999 6) and the average recovery rate was 99.20%(RSD=0.97%,n=6).CONCLUSION:The established standard is suitable for the quality control of Jiawei guiqi tablets.

Objective This study was designed to investigate the correlationship between plasma metastin and pathogenesis of adolescent women with polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS).MethodsFrom Jan 2006 to Jun.2006.42 PCOS patients including 19 adolescent women and 23 adults with syndrome were treated in Second Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University.According to the range of age,those patients were divided into 19 cases in adolascent group(≤19 years)and 23 cases in aduh group(＞19 years).Meanwhile,20 adolescent women were matched as controls.Blood samples were collected between day 1 and day 5 of a spontaneous bleeding episode in the PCOS groups and a menstrual cycle of the controls.The Jevels of luteinizing hormone(LH)，follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)，testosterone(T)，free T(FT)，dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate(DHEAS)，sex hormone-binding globulin(SHBG)，insulin，glucose，and metastin were detected from day 1 to day 5 of spontaneous bleeding or withdrawal bleeding by progesterone.On the next day,oral glucose tolerance test(75 g)and insulin release test were performed on those above patients and controls.The area under carve(AUC),the ratio of fasting blood glucose to insulin(GIR)and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance jndex ( HOMA-IR)were calculated.Results(1)The level of hormone:the level of LH was in(12±7)U/L in adult group and(12±8)U/L in adolescent PCOS group，which were significantly higher than(6±4)U/L in controls(P＜0.05).The level of FT was(2.3±1.2)pmol/L in adult group，which was significantly higher than(1.3±0.8)pmol/L in adolescent group and(1.1±0.5)pmol/L in control roup(P＜0.05).It was observed that the level of(3.1±2.7)μmol/L in adolescent group was significantly lower than(6.3±2.7)μmol/L in control group(P＜0.05).Meanwhile,the level of FAI of 5.6±4.1 in adult group was significantly higher than 3.0±1.3 in control group(P＜0.05).No significant difference in FSH，T and SHBG levels among three groups were observed (P＞0.05).(2)Metastin and metabolism:Both the levels of fasting blood insulin,2-hour insulin and AUC of insulin were(13±7)mU/L，(88±59)mU/L and(133±80)mU·L-1·min-1 in adolescent group，which were significantly higher than(7±3)mU/L，(57±29)mU/L and(82±34)mU·L-1·min-1 in control group.The fasting blood insulin of(13±7)mU/L in adolescent group was significantly higher than (9±5)mU/L in adult group.The level of fasting blood glucose and 2-hour glucose were(5.01±0.44)mmol/L and(6.48±1.16)mmol/L in adult group，which were significantly higher than(4.68±0.29)mmol/L and(5.44±0.83)mmol/L in control group and(4.67±0.30)mmol/L and(5.93±1.44)mmol/L in adolescent group.The glucose AUC of(9.99±1.85)mmol·L-1·min-1 in adult group was significantly higher than(8.42±1.53)mmol·L-1·min-1 in control group(P＜0.05).HOMA-IR of 2.6±2.0 in adolescent group was significantly higher than 1.4±0.7 in control group.GIR of 10±8 in adolescent group was significantly lower than 16±10 in control group(P＜0.05).The metastin level of (0.25±0.19)pmol/L in adolescent group and(0.29±0.29)pmol/L in adult group were all significantly higher than(0.18±0.23)pmol/L in control group(PPh glucose were observed(r=0.256，0.286 and 0.267.P=0.044.0.025 and 0.043).Conclusions The expression of metastin in adolescent PCOS women was significantly higher that of normal adolescent women The increased level of metastin might be associated with pathogenesis of adolescent women with PCOS.

Objective To investigate the effect of anti-Mlllerian hormone (AMH) on hormone secretion and P450 aromatase mRNA expression from cultured human luteinized granulosa cells. Methods Human luteinized granulose cells were derived from 10 patients treated by in vitro fertilization-embryo transplantation (IVF-ET) in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from June to December 2006. Granulose cells were divided into group A, B, C, D, E depending on different concentration of AMH,testosterone group and blank group. 1×10-7moL/L testosterone and 1,5,10,20,50 μg/L AMH were added into the culture medium of group A,B,C,D and E. 1×10-7mol/L testosterone was added into the culture medium of testosterone group while no other ingredient was added into the medium of blank group. Estrogen levels in supernates were measured at 24,48,72 hours after cell incubation. RT-PCR was performed to detect the P450 aromatase mRNA expression in group B, C, D, E and testosterone group at 72 hours after cell incubation. Results (1) Estrogen levels in supernates of granulose cell culture at 24,48,72 hours were (8.529±0.381)×104, (10.977±0.436)×104, (13.309±0.506)×104 pmol/L in group A, (7.027±0.276)×104, (9.167±0.300)×104, (10.794±0.555)×104 pmol/L in group B, (6.039±0.226)×104,(7.585±0.548)×104, (8.797±0.518)×104 pmol/L in group C, (5.118±0.460)×104, (5.716±0.496)×104, (6.205±0.667)×104 pmol/L in group D, (4.932±0.148)×104, (5.323±0.184)×104,(5.629±0.212)×104 pmol/L in group E. When compared with blank group [(0.001±0.001)×104,(0.006±0.003)×104, (0.029±0.011)×104 pmol/L], the statistical differences were observed in group A,B,C,D,E(P<0.01) ; when compared with testosterone group [ (8.418±0.569)×104, (10.841±0.689)×104, (13.301±0.637)×104 pmol/L], the statistical differences were observed in group B,C,D and E(P<0.01) ; statistical differences were also observed in group C, D and E when compared with group B, and also group D and E when compared with group C(P<0.01). No significant difference was observed between group D and E (P>0.05). In group A, B, C, D, E and testosterone group, the estrogen levels at 24 hours after cell culture were significantly lower than those at 48 and 72 hours (P<0.01) ; statistical difference was observed between estrogen levels at 48 and 72 hours(P<0.01). No significant difference was observed among 24,48 and 72 hours in blank group (P>0.05). (2) Relative ratios of intensity of P450 aromatase/β-actin at72 hours of cell culture in group B,C,D and E were 0.6148±0.0046, 0.5156±0.0012, 0.4698±0.0027 and 0.4282±0.0017, respectively, which were statistically lower than that in testosterone group (0.8224±0.0021, P<0.01) ;statistical differences were also observed in group C, D and E when compared with group B, and also group D and E when compared with group C(P<0.01). No significant difference was observed between group D and E (P>0.05). Conclusion It is suggested that AMH might affect estrogen synthesis by inhibiting P450 aromatose activity so that lead to hyperandrogenism microenvironment in local ovary.

Aim To study the relationship between theeffects of saponins of panax notoginseng(PNS)on fir-ing frequency and hyperpolarization potential in neu-rons.Methods Applieation of a depolarizing currentpulse to stellate ganglion(SG) neurons of rat evokedaction potentials(AP).These neurons were classifiedas phasic or tonic neurons on the basis of their firingpatterns.Then we investigated the effects of PNS on fir-ing pattern and frequency,after hyperpolarization po-tential(AHP) and fastexcitatory postsynaptic potential(f-EPSP) in high Ca2 +Krebs’solution of SG neuronsin rat.Results The firing frequency of tonic neuronswas reduced by PNS.At the concentration of0.12 ~0.16 g.L-1,PNS reversibly depressed AHP in a dosedependentmanner.And the aggrandizing action of highCa2 +on f-EPSP was antagonized by PNS.Conclusion PNS can reduce the firing frequency of rat SG neu-rons,but this action was not caused by reinforcement ofAHP potential.The restraining regulation of excitabili-ty of neurons by PNS may underlie its inhibitory actionon calcium influx.

Objective To explore the effects of empowerment education model on glycemic control and self-management behavior of community patients with diabetes. Method A total of 120 diabetics from 2 different communities were set as the observation group and control group. The control group was treated by routine medications and health education and the observation group was intervened with empowerment education model. After intervention for 6 months, the patients′blood glucose index and the diabetes self-management behavior were assessed and compared by scale of the diabetes self-care activities (SDSCA) between the two groups. Result By the end of the study, the glycemic index and SDSCA score in the former group were both significantly decreased than those in the control group (P<0.05), indicating the patients in the experiment group had better glycemic control and self-management behaviors compared with those in the control group. Conclusions Empowerment education model can arouse the internal motivation of patients to change their behaviors from passive to active acceptance in the health education. Empowerment education model can enhance diabetes patients′self-management conduct and the glycemic level.

Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is the initiator of RNA interference and inhibits gene expression by targeted degradation of specific messenger RNA. siRNA-mediated gene regulation has high efficiency and specificity and exhibits great significance in the treatment of diseases. However, the naked or unmodified siRNA has poor stability, easy to degrade by nuclease, short half-life, and low intracellular delivery. As an emerging non-viral nucleic acid delivery system, ionizable lipid nanoparticles play an important role in improving the druggability of siRNA. At present, one siRNA drug based on ionizable lipid nanoparticles has been approved for the treatment of rare disease. This review introduces the research progress in ionizable lipid nanoparticles for siRNA delivery, focusing on the effect of each component of lipid nanoparticles on the efficiency of siRNA-mediated gene silencing, which provides new references for the studies on ionizable lipid nanocarriers for siRNA delivery.

Thioredoxin-interacting protein ( TXNIP) suppresses the antioxidative function of thioredoxin ( Trx ) by combining with thioredoxin ( Trx).Therefore, it promotes the generation and accumulation of reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) , inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial stress , which leads to cellular inflammation or cellular apoptosis ultimately . TXNIP-mediated oxidative stress plays a crucial role in control-ling the generation and development of some diseases , such as diabetes and its complications ( diabetic nephropathy diabetic retinopathy etc .) , atherosclerosis ischemia/reperfusion injury , cancers ( hepatocellular carcinoma , carcinoma of urinary blad-der, mammary cancer , leukemia ) etc.Here, we try to review the action and mechanism of oxidative stress mediated by TXNIP in the diseases and the progress in research .

The effect of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on potassium-chloride cotransporter-2 (KCC2) protein expression following spinal cord injury (SCI) and the action mechanism were investigated.SCI models were established in SD rats.Five groups were set up randomly:normal control group,SCI 7-day (7D) model group,SCI 14-day (14D) model group,SCI-7D rTMS group and SCI-14D rTMS group (n=5 each).The rats in SCI rTMS groups were treated with 10 Hz rTMS from 8th day and 15th day after SCI respectively,once every day,5 days every week,a total of 4 weeks.After the model establishment,motor recovery and spasticity alleviation were evaluated with BBB scale once a week till the end of treatment.Finally,different parts of tissues were dissected out for detection of variations of KCC2 protein using Western blotting and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique.The results showed that the BBS scores after treatment were significantly higher in SCI-7D rTMS group than in SCI-14D rTMS group (P＜0.05).As compared with normal control groups,The KCC2 protein in SCI model groups was down-regulated after SCI,and the decrease was much more significant in SCI-14D model group than in SCI-7D group (P＜0.05).As compared with SCI model groups,KCC2 protein in rTMS groups was up-regulated after the treatment (P＜0.05).The up-regulation of KCC2 protein content and expression was more obvious in SCI-7D rTMS group than in SCI-14D rTMS group (P＜0.05).It was concluded that 10 Hz rTMS can alleviate spasticity in rats with SCI,which might be attributed to the up-regulation of KCC2 protein.It was also suggested that the high-frequency rTMS treatment after SCI at early stage might achieve more satisfactory curative effectiveness.

Objective To study the change of audiological characteristics of neonate with severe hyperbilirubi‐nemia need to be exchanged transfusion ,and to explore the correlation between the peak concentrations of serum to‐tal bilirubin and hearing loss .Methods A total of 130 cases of neonate diagnosed with severe hyperbilirubinemia need to be exchanged transfusion were included in this study .Hearing tests of auditory brainstem response (ABR) , distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) and acoustic immittance were administered to these neonates and they were followed up three months old .They were divided into the normal group ,the mild - moderate group and the severe - extreme group according to the hearing tests results of three months .The peak concentrations of ser‐um total bilirubin and hearing condition among the three groups were analyzed .Results There were 85 neonates with normal hearing (65 .38% ,85/130) ,45 with hearing loss (33 .85% ,45/130 .For 88 ears ,there were 2 cases of single ear and 43 cases of both ears) ,including 11 cases of mild - moderate group (22 ears ,24 .44% ,11/45) and 34 cases with severe - extreme group (66 ears ,75 .56% ,34/45) .There were 16 neonates (32 ears) met the crite‐rion of auditory neuropathy (12 .31% ,16/130) .The difference of the peak concentrations of serum total bilirubin a‐mong the three groups was statistically significant (F=16 .525 ,P=16 .525) .And positive correlation was observed between ABR threshold and peak serum total bilirubin concentration (r=0 .584 ,P<0 .001) .Conclusion The ma‐jor feature of the neonate with severe hyperbilirubinemia need to be exchanged transfusion was extremely severe sen‐sorineural hearing loss in both ears ;and the higher probability of serious hearing loss with the higher peak concen‐trations of serum total bilirubin .

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of gastric dynamics by transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) combined general anesthesia when controlled hypotension dropped to 60% of the mean arterial prenssure (MAP) baseline, and to provide experimental evidence for organ protection in clinical controlled hypotension.

METHODSEighteen male beagles were randomly divided into three groups, the general anesthesia group (blank), the general anesthesia induced controlled hypotension group (control), and the general anesthesia combined TEAS induced controlled hypotension group (experiment), 6 in each group. Controlled hypotension was performed in the latter two groups with isoflurane inhalation and intravenous injection of sodium nitroprusside (SNP). The mean arterial pressure (MAP) was lowered to 60% of the MAP baseline and kept for 60 min. Controlled hypotension was not performed in Beagles of the control group. For Beagles in the experiment group, TEAS [2/100 Hz, (4 ± 1) mA] was applied to bilateral Hegu (LI4), Quchi (LI11), Zusanli (ST36), and Sanyinjiao (SP6) from stable physiological conditions to the end of maintaining stages. Changes of EGG frequencies and EGG amplitudes were monitored. Serum levels of gastrin (GAS) and motilin (MTL) were also detected at corresponding time points during and after experiment.

RESULTSAs for the pressure control effect of TEAS combined general anesthesia in the controlled hypotension, during the process of controlled hypotension (T1-T4), MAP levels of two controlled pressure groups remained relatively stable, and were kept at 60% of the MAP baseline. When the blood pressure dropped to the target low MAP and maintained at 60 min (T1-T4), EGG amplitudes of Beagles in all the three groups showed decreasing tendency. But it was more obviously lower than its basic level in the control group (P <0.05), while it was not obviously decreased in the experiment group (P < 0.05). EGG frequencies of Beagles in all the three groups showed no obvious change during this stage. By the end of the MAP rising stage (T8), the EGG amplitude of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group and the blank group (P < 0.05), while it didn' t show any obvious increase in the control group. During this period, EGG frequencies of the two controlled hypotension groups decreased more than those of the blank group. Two h after rising blood pressure (at T9), EGG amplitudes and frequencies in the two controlled hypotension groups basically restored to their respective baselines and levels of the blank group at T9. At 2 h (T9) after controlled hypotension, serum levels of GAS and MTL were lower than those of basic levels in the two controlled hypotension groups (P <0.05). However, serum levels of GAS and MTL had an increasing trend in the two controlled hypotension groups at 24-72 h (T10-T12). Besides, the increasing speed and amplitude was better in experiment group than in the control group at T10-T12. However, there was no statistical difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). At 72 h (T12) serum levels of GAS and MTL had basically restored to their basic levels in the two controlled hypotension groups and that of the blank control group.

CONCLUSIONEGG amplitudes could be effectively improved in TEAS combined general anesthesia for controlled hypotension at 60% of the MAP baseline, the recovery of the serum GAS level accelerated, gastric power improved and stomach protected.

Acupuncture Points ; Anesthesia ; methods ; Anesthesia, General ; Animals ; Arteries ; Dogs ; Gastrins ; Hypotension, Controlled ; Male ; Motilin ; Nitroprusside ; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation