OBJECTIVE: To provide references for Chinese drugstores to carry out private brand strategy. METHODS: The problems existing in the practice of private brand in Chinese drugstores were analyzed,and the basic conditions and effective premium approaches for private brand of pharmaceutical chain store were studied through a detailed analysis of consumer’s psychology and action. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: The problems existing in the practice of private brand in Chinese drugstores included the non-guaranteed quality assurance ability results from low price marketing and enterprise’s lack of cohesiveness results from enforcement on salesman to recommend products for customers etc. The main conditions to promote premium on private brand were to possess a consummate quality assurance system for products and services. The main approaches toward premium are to construct product line with drug brand image as foundation and to optimize the organization mode of the private brand management.

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common complication of the central nervous system after major surgery with anesthesia,which severely impairs patients' quality of life.Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is advantageous for its convenience,inexpensiveness,noninvasiveness,continuous operation and bedside monitoring.Routine monitoring of regional cerebral oxygen saturation has the potential of optimizing the anesthesia plan and reducing the incidence of POCD.The aim of this review is to describe the NIRS technology and its clinical application.

The growth-propagation and decolorization-degradation systems for the model dy e Biebrich Scarlet by Trametes hirsuta were established preliminar ily. It was showed that 30℃ and the static culture were better; the effects of compo nents in culture media on the efficiencies of decolorization and degradation wer e not significant; considering the convenience of observing the changes of dye c o lors and shortenig the culture period, the potato liquid medium had the advantag e of others as a preferable medium for reaction systems of Trametes hirsuta . The decolorization and degradation of all dyes Biebrich Scarlet and Direct Deep Blu e L-3RB, Reactive Blue X-BR, Basic Violet 5BN, and Methylene Blue by Tramete s hirsuta were better.

Cornea is the major refractive components of the eye. As a viscoelastic tissue, cornea exhibits complicated biomechanical properties: non - linear elasticity, anisotropy and viscoelasticity. The biomechanical properties play an important role in keeping the normal structureand function. Changes in biomechanical properties are always earlier than the clinical symptoms. So quantitative measurement of the biomechanical properties benefits the early diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Different methods to measure the biomechanical properties of cornea were reviewed in detail, including classic ex vivo destructive tests, commercially available in vivo measuring methods and other emerging methods with the potential for clinical application but not validated for in vivo measurement. The operating principles, advantages as well as limitations of these methods were also described.

Objective To explore influence of long-term inhaled glucocoticoids(IGS) on soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1(sICAM-1)) in children with bronchial asthma.Methods Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) method was used to detect the serum sICAM-1 level in 36 healthy children and 29 children with bronchial asthma(untreated and post-treated for 3,6 and 12 months).Results 1.Serum sICAM-1 level was significantly elevated in children with asthma and significantly higher than that in normal control group(P

Objective To analyze the differences of video laryngoscope, direct laryngoscopy and fibreoptic bron﹣choscope nasal intubation on hemodynamics, inflammatory and stress response. Methods 117 patients underwent surgery from November 2013 to March 2015 were chose as research subjects and randomly divided into video laryn﹣goscope group, direct laryngoscopy group, fiberoptic bronchoscope group based on different cannula enrolled way. Then compared the hemodynamics, inflammation, stress level after intubation among the three groups. Results Com﹣pared with the T0, the three groups patients' systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin -6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), norepinephrine (NE), plasma cortisol (Cor), angiotensinⅡ(ATⅡ) differences had no significant difference (P>0.05);compared with direct laryn﹣goscopy group, video laryngoscope group, fiberoptic bronchoscope group patients' T1, T2, T3 SBP, DBP, HR, CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, NE, Cor, ATⅡ levels were lower; compared with the video laryngoscope group, optical fiber bron﹣choscopy group patients SBP, DBP, HR, CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, NE, Cor, ATⅡ low levels at T1, T2, T3 were lower (P<0.05). Conclusions Fibreoptic bronchoscope nasal intubation has less influence on patients, will not cause severe stress and inflammatory response, it is one of the ideal instrument anesthesia induction intubation.

Objective To study the rehabilitation effects of the cochlear implants on prelingually deaf children with alba abnormality.Methods A retrospective analysis of the effects of CIs was conducted in the prelingually deaf children of 11 cases of the children with abnormal alba(the research group) and 18 cases of the children who had normal alba(the control group) at the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian medical university.All the operations were completed by the same doctor.There were no obvious complications during and after the operation.The cochlear implants were turned on after one month and the prelingually deaf children with extremely severe bilateral sensorineural deafness were trained for speech at the rehabilitation centre.The assessment criteria of the categories of auditory performance(CAP) and speech intelligibility rate(SIR) were used.After six months and twelve months of the operation, the family members were followed who have direct contacts with the children.The evaluation of data between the research and the control groups was administered.Results In the research group, the average level of CAP after six months'' post-operation was 2.41±0.47.But in the control group, the average level was 3.28±0.45.In the research group, the average level of SIR after six months'' post-operation was 1.27±0.44.There were 3 children in the research group at level 2, but in the control group, the average level was 1.89±0.31.Two children in the control group were level 1 while the others were level 2.In the research group, the average level of CAP after twelve months'' post-operation was 4.00±0.43 while only one child at level 3.There was one child at level 5 in the research group, the rest were level 4.There was a statistically significant difference in the average level of the CAP after six months'' post-operation(t=4.983, P<0.05) and in the average level of the SIR after six months'' post-operation(t=4.371, P<0.05).There was no statistical difference in the average level of the CAP after twelve months'' post-operation(t=1.033, P>0.05) and in the average level of the SIR after twelve months'' post-operation(t=0.434, P>0.05).Conclusion There is no significant difference of the rehabilitation effects of post-operation between the prelingually deaf children with alba abnormality and those with normal alba.

Adult ; Bacteremia ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Male ; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria ; Postoperative Complications

Objective To investigate the antimicrobial activity of fosfomycin combined with other antibiotics against carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae(CRE).Methods A total of 233 non-repititive CRE isolates were collected from January 2010 to December 2014 from 4 hospitals, including Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital and Second Hospital of Jiaxing.Antimicrobial susceptibility of fosfomycin, imipenem, meropenem, cefepime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefperazone-sulbactam, piperacillin-tazobactam, ciprofloxacin, amikacin, tobramycin, polymyxin B and tigecycline were determined by agar dilution method.Synergistic effect between fosfomycin and other antibiotics, including meropenem, cefepime, ceftazidime, cefperazone-sulbactam, ciprofloxacin, amikacin, tobramycin and tigecycline against 30 CRE isolates was determined by chequerboard assay.Chi-Square test was used for statistical analysis, and the difference was statistical significant when P<0.05.Results An overall 45.1%(105/233) of 233 CRE isolates were resistant to fosfomycin.Among which, Klebsiella spp.possessed the highest resistance rate (61.9%,73/118), followed by Enterobacter spp.(50%,15/30), Serratia marcescens (25%,7/28), and Escherichia coli (8.2%,4/49).Fosfomycin in combination with tigecyclin showed best activity against CRE isolates with a synergy rate of 76.7%(23/30).Fosfomycin and aminoglycosides also presented good activity against CRE isolates with synergy rate of 53.3%(16/30) to 70.0%(21/30).Synergism was observed only in 30%(9/30) of CRE isolates for the combination of fosfomycin and ciprofloxacin.As for the combination of fosfomycin and β-lactam antibiotics, even less synergism was observed ( 0%-3.3%) ( 1/30 ).No antagonism was demonstrates among all of the combinations.Conclusions Fosfomycin demonstrates certain in vitro activity against CRE isolates.A combination of fosfomycin and tigecyclin or aminoglycosides shows good activity, which suggests a new strategy in the campaign against serious infections caused by CRE.