Chemotherapy induced thrombocytopenia( CIT) is a major dose-limiting hematologic toxicity with cancer patients.Aside from bleeding risk, thrombocytopenia limits chemotherapy doses and frequencies. While platelet transfusion is remain the elementary method for CIT,administration of platelet growth factors,such as recombinant human interleukin-11(rhIL-11),recombinant human thrombopoietin(rhTPO)and thrombopoie-tin receptor agonist(TPO-RA),are convenient and effective platelet-support strategies for patients receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy.In addition,other cytokines and proximal splenic artery embolization( PSAE) are expected to be new clinical therapies.In this review,we summarize the existing data and approaches in the treat-ment progress of CIT.

The rat anti-HRP McAbs were prepared with rat-rat hybridoma and the rat McPAP complex was made by conjugating this McAb with HRP. The results of the present work indicated that the rat MePAP can be used for detection of antibodyantigen reaction by immunohistochemical techniques and ELISA. In both assay it gave strong staining reaction for positive antigen and with background staining appeared very pale. The sensitivity of rat McPAP and HRP labelling rabbit anti-rat IgG has been compared.

Objective This study aims to examine expression of Caveolin -1 in non smoking cell lung cancer(NSCLC)and to discusses the relationship between expression of Caveolin -1 and the Epidermal growth factor receptor mutations .Methods Immunohistochemical staining was used to determine the Caveolin -1 ex-pression and ARMS-qPCR was used to measure EGFR mutations in 40 cases of lung cancer tissue .The clinical pathological characteristics and correlations in patients were analyzed .Results The expression of Caveolin -1 in human lung cancer was significantly lower than that in normal lung tissue ,and negatively correlated with EGFR mutations ,which was statistically significant .Conclusion Caveolin -1 expression is negatively correlated with EGFR mutations in non-small cell lung cancer and related to the histologic type .Caveolin-1 may be a molecu-lar target for diagnosis and judgment of NSCLC .

Objective To evaluate effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) on expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in ultraviolet B (UVB)-radiated HaCaT cells.Methods Conventionally cultured HaCaT cells were divided into control group and LBP groups,which were firstly treated with DMEM,12.5,25.0,50.0 and 100 μg/ml LBP solution respectively for 4 hours,and then were irradiated by UVB at different intensity of 0,20,40,60 mJ/cm2 separately.After 24-hour continuing culture,CCK-8 assay was performed to determine the cell survival rate,and an enzymatic-biochemical method to estimate the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD).RT-PCR and Western blot analysis were conducted to measure the mRNA and protein expression of HIF-1α and VEGF respectively.Results Compared with the control group at the same UVB radiation dose,the 12.5-,25.0-and 100.0-μ,g/ml LBP groups showed different extents of increase in survival rates of UVB-radiated cells (P ＜ 0.05),and the 50.0-μg/ml LBP group showed the highest cell survival rate (P ＜ 0.01).Among all the LBP groups,SOD activity was highest in the 50.0-μg/ml LBP group (P ＜ 0.01).Along with the increase of UVB radiation dose,the mRNA and protein expression of HIF-1α and VEGF all gradually increased.Compared with the control group,the 50.0-μg/ml LBP group could effectively reduce the mRNA and protein expression of HIF-1α and VEGF in HaCaT cells (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion LBP may play a role in protecting cells from UVB radiation-mediated damage,likely by influencing the mRNA and protein expression of HIF-1α and VEGF in HaCaT cells.

Objective To establish a reproducible rat model of acute rectal mucosal injury induced by acetic acid. Methods Fifteen healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the control group (3 rats) and experimental group (12 rats).Acute rectal mucosal injury was induced by 4%acetic acid using a cotton swab inserted into the rat rec-tum for 1 min to a depth of 3 cm.The morphological characteristics were analyzed by the naked eye and histology at 0.5 h and 1, 4, and 6 days after acetic acid intervention.Results All rats survived 6-day study period.The successful rate of model establishment was 100%.From 0.5 h to 1st day after acetic acid intervention, the gross morphology of recta showed congestion, edema and ulcer to ulcer complicated with hemorrhage.The histology showed necrosis and hemorrhage of the epithelial tissue of the mucosa to complete and extensive necrosis of the mucosa.The glandular structure showed partial to complete loss.The submucosa showed edema to edema complicated with hemorrhage and congestion.The interstitial tissues showed vasodilatation and congestion to inflammatory cell invasion.From 4 to 6 days after acetic acid intervention, the rectal mucosal changes were obviously improved.Epithelial and glandular regeneration and inflammatory granulation occurred, but not fully recovered, some edema and redness, partial lack of glands were still present.Conclusions 4%acetic acid for 1 min can be used to successfully induce rat model of acute rectal mucosal injury.This procedure is easy to operate, with a high success rate,reproducible, and the alterations are lasting more than 6 days.This animal model is very suitable for rapid screening of topical drugs for the treatment for rectal mucosal injury.

Objective To improve the reliability and accuracy of WBC counting in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) ,this article is stud-ying the improved method of WBC counting in CSF by finding out the optimum percentage of CSF specimen with the most suitable concentration of acetic acid .Methods CSF specimen was mixed with different acetic acid at different ratio respectively .WBC counts were performed in 5 minutes on diluted samples of various concentrations .A series of 20 CSF specimens were analyzed via the proposed assay and conventional method .The average value and coefficient of variation (CV) of WBC count of each sample were c compared and analyzed .Results The optimum percentage of CSF sample was obtained at 60∶40 ratio .In this percentage , the maximal WBC count (189/μL) was obtained compared that of conventional method (161/μL) .Moreover ,the CV of the WBC counts in this percentage (7% ) was also lower than that of the conventional method (18% ) .Conclusion The reliability and accur-ancy of WBC counting in CSF was the optimum percentage of CSF specimen and 5% acetic acid was 60 :40 .It may lead to a more reliable ,accurate and standard way of WBC counts in CSF .

Purpose　The aim is to invest the mechanism and activity of kringle1～3 gene of angiostatin. Methods　Kringle1～3 gene of angiostatin was abtained from hepatocyte of normal human by RT-PCR and inserted into expression vector pPIC9K in Pichia expression system. The recombinant protein was induced secrete , purified and test the activity by MTT.Results　　Krigle1～3 protein could inhibit vascular endothelial cell proliferative activity.Conclusion　The reaction similar apoptosis induced by kringle1～3 recombinant protein of angiostatin inhibit cell proliferation.

OBJECTIVE:To systematically review the effect of ticagrelor versus prasugrel on platelet reactivity,and provide evi-dence-based reference for clinical treatment. METHODS:Retrieved from PubMed,CJFD and Wanfang Database,randomized con-trolled trials(RCT)about the effect of ticagrelor versus prasugrel on platelet reactivity were collected. Meta-analysis was performed by using Rev Man software after data extract and quality evaluation by Cochrane 5.1.0. RESULTS:Totally 17 RCTs were enrolled,involv-ing 2 757 patients. Results of Meta-analysis showed,regardless of Verity Now(VN)detection method [MD=15.43,95%CI(-0.39, 31.25),P=0.06] or vasodilator stimulus phosphoprotein(VASP)detection method [MD=-3.04,95%CI(-8.98,2.90),P=0.32], ticagrelor and prasugrel had the same effects on platelet reactivity under loading dose,the differences were not statistically significant;regardless of VN detection method [MD=-48.94,95%CI(-58.04,-39.84),P<0.001] or VASP detection method [MD=-14.32, 95%CI(-20.45,-8.20),P<0.001],the effects of ticagrelor were better than prasugrel on platelet reactivity under maintenance dose,the differences were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS:At the loading dose,there was no difference between ticagrelor and prasugrel,but ticagrelor has more benefits than prasugrel under maintenance dose.

This paper analyzed and discussed on the importance of doctor-patient communica-tion skills and the differences between foreign countries and China. Meanwhile, it pointed out the drawbacks of doctor-patient communication skills training for medical students in China and proposed some countermeasures including finding out influence factors, searching for reference books, provid-ing guide for doctor-patient communication theory and skills, formulating teaching pattern, building evaluation mechanism, and establishing a communication platform of doctor-patient communication skills for medical students.

Objective To investigate the early effect of medium-dose ionic irradiation on the expression of Fos protein in the rat brain. Methods Fos protein was observed in rat brains at times ranging from 24 hours to 4 weeks after hemispheric irradiation (single-fraction maximal dose of 20Gy) with the immunohistochemical technique. Results Compared with that of the un-radiated rats,the expression of Fos protein in the irradiated brain decreased distinctly 24 hours and 1 week after irradiation.However,the quantity of Fos immunopositive cells increased gradually afterwards.At four weeks after radiation,expression of Fos protein recovered progressively in medulla oblongata and pons,in which Fos immunopositive cells were more than those in control group.In contrast,expression level of Fos protein in mesencephalon,diencephalons or telencephalon was still less compared with that of the un-irradiated rats.Conclusion The result suggested that the neuronal activity might be inhibited in certain nuclei of the rat brain in early stages after hemisphere irradiation,and this inhibitory phenomenon was more obviously in higher neural centers.